Interleukin‐38 protects against sepsis by augmenting immunosuppressive activity of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells

Naturally occurring CD4⁺CD25⁺ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are required to limit immune‐induced pathology and to maintain homeostasis during the early‐phase of sepsis. This study aimed to investigate the role of interleukin (IL)‐38, a newly described member of the IL‐1 cytokine family, in mediated immune response of CD4⁺CD25⁺ Tregs in sepsis. Here, we provide evidence that expressions of IL‐38 and its receptor were detected in murine CD4⁺CD25⁺ Tregs. Stimulation of CD4⁺CD25⁺ Tregs with LPS markedly up‐regulated the expression of IL‐38. Treatment with rmIL‐38 dramatically enhanced the immunosuppressive activity of CD4⁺CD25⁺ Tregs after LPS stimulation and in septic mice induced by CLP, resulting in amplification of helper T cell (Th) 2 response and reduction in the proliferation of effector T cells. These effects were robustly abrogated when anti–IL‐38 antibody was administered. Administration of rmIL‐38 improved the survival rate of CLP mice. In addition, CD4⁺CD25⁺ Tregs depletion before the onset of sepsis obviously abolished IL‐38–mediated protective response. These findings suggest that IL‐38 enhances the immunosuppressive activity of CD4⁺CD25⁺ Tregs, which might contribute to the improvement of host immune function and prognosis in the setting of sepsis.     

Role of leptin in the regulation of food intake in fasted mice

Leptin is well acknowledged as an anorexigenic hormone that plays an important role in feeding control. Hypothalamic GABA system plays a significant role in leptin regulation on feeding and metabolism control. However, the pharmacological relationship of leptin and GABA receptor is still obscure. Therefore, we investigated the effect of leptin or combined with baclofen on the food intake in fasted mice. We detected the changes in hypothalamic c‐Fos expression, hypothalamic TH, POMC and GAD67 expression, plasma insulin, POMC and GABA levels to demonstrate the mechanisms. We found that leptin inhibit fasting‐induced increased food intake and activated hypothalamic neurons. The inhibitory effect on food intake induced by leptin in fasted mice can be reversed by pretreatment with baclofen. Baclofen reversed leptin's inhibition on c‐Fos expression of PAMM in fasted mice. Therefore, these results indicate that leptin might inhibit fasting‐triggered activation of PVN neurons via presynaptic GABA synaptic functions which might be partially blocked by pharmacological activating GABA‐B. Our findings identify the role of leptin in the regulation of food intake.     

Nature of FeSe2/N‐C Anode for High Performance Potassium Ion Hybrid Capacitor

Potassium ion hybrid capacitors have great potential for large‐scale energy devices, because of the high power density and low cost. However, their practical applications are hindered by their low energy density, as well as electrolyte decomposition and collector corrosion at high potential in potassium bis(fluoro‐sulfonyl)imide‐based electrolyte. Therefore, anode materials with high capacity, a suitable voltage platform, and stability become a key factor. Here, N‐doping carbon‐coated FeSe₂ clusters are demonstrated as the anode material for a hybrid capacitor, delivering a reversible capacity of 295 mAh g^?1 at 100 mA g^?1 over 100 cycles and a high rate capability of 158 mAh g^?1 at 2000 mA g^?1 over 2000 cycles. Meanwhile, through density functional theory calculations, in situ X‐ray diffraction, and ex situ transmission electron microscopy, the evolution of FeSe₂ to Fe₃Se₄ for the electrochemical reaction mechanism is successfully revealed. The battery‐supercapacitor hybrid using commercial activated carbon as the cathode and FeSe₂/N‐C as the anode is obtained. It delivers a high energy density of 230 Wh kg^?1 and a power density of 920 W kg^?1 (the energy density and power density are calculated based on the total mass of active materials in the anode and cathode).     

Conductive Hole‐Selective Passivating Contacts for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells

Defect state passivation and conductivity of materials are always in opposition; thus, it is unlikely for one material to possess both excellent carrier transport and defect state passivation simultaneously. As a result, the use of partial passivation and local contact strategies are required for silicon solar cells, which leads to fabrication processes with technical complexities. Thus, one material that possesses both a good passivation and conductivity is highly desirable in silicon photovoltaic (PV) cells. In this work, a passivation‐conductivity phase‐like diagram is presented and a conductive‐passivating‐carrier‐selective contact is achieved using PEDOT:Nafion composite thin films. A power conversion efficiency of 18.8% is reported for an industrial multicrystalline silicon solar cell with a back PEDOT:Nafion contact, demonstrating a solution‐processed organic passivating contact concept. This concept has the potential advantages of omitting the use of conventional dielectric passivation materials deposited by costly high‐vacuum equipment, energy‐intensive high‐temperature processes, and complex laser opening steps. This work also contributes an effective back‐surface field scheme and a new hole‐selective contact for p‐type and n‐type silicon solar cells, respectively, both for research purposes and as a low‐cost surface engineering strategy for future Si‐based PV technologies.     

油田野外作业工人慢性疾病调查及职业紧张与神经递质的相关性研究

目的:调查油田野外作业工人慢性疾病患病情况,分析职业紧张与神经递质的相关性。方法:通过整群抽样的方式选取油田野外作业工人2000例作为研究对象,采用自制的慢性非传染性疾病调查量表对所有工人的慢性疾病情况予以调查,采用职业紧张量表对所有工人的职业紧张情况予以调查。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测所有工人血清五羟色胺、去甲肾上腺素以及神经肽Y水平,并采用偏相关分析油田野外作业工人职业紧张与神经递质的相关性。结果:2000例油田野外作业工人慢性疾病发病率最高的前三种疾病分别为颈腰部疾病、高血压、高血脂,占比分别为20.60%、15.35%、11.20%。油田野外作业工人中男性职业任务、个体应对资源评分高于女性,而锻炼工人的个体紧张反应评分低于不锻炼工人(P0.05)。油田野外作业工人中饮酒工人神经肽Y水平低于不饮酒工人,锻炼工人的去甲肾上腺素水平高于不锻炼工人(P0.05)。经偏相关分析可得:油田野外作业工人的职业任务评分与五羟色胺、去甲肾上腺素水平呈正相关(P0.05),个体紧张反应评分与神经肽Y水平呈负相关(P0.05)。结论:油田野外作业工人慢性疾病患病情况不容乐观,且其职业紧张与神经递质存在密切相关,在临床工作中可通过改善油田野外作业工人的职业紧张,从而达到改善其神经递质水平的目的。     

喉罩通气下七氟醚全凭吸入麻醉在小儿先天性心脏病介入手术的临床麻醉效果

目的:探讨喉罩通气下七氟醚全凭吸入麻醉在小儿先天性心脏病介入手术的临床麻醉效果。方法:选取2017年4月～2019年5月期间我院收治的行先天性心脏病介入手术患儿98例,根据随机数字表法将其分为对照组(n=49)和研究组(n=49)。对照组给予氯胺酮诱导,全凭丙泊酚维持,面罩吸氧;研究组给予全凭七氟醚诱导、维持,喉罩通气。比较两组患儿麻醉前(T0)、切皮前(T1)、切皮后1 min(T2)、切皮后30 min(T3)、术后(T4)的血流动力学指标[平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)]及应激反应指标[血糖、皮质醇],记录两组患儿手术时间、麻醉诱导时间、术后苏醒时间等围术期指标情况。记录两组围术期不良反应发生情况。结果:研究组手术时间、麻醉诱导时间、术后苏醒时间均短于对照组(P0.05)。两组T0时间点血糖、MAP、皮质醇、HR比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);对照组T1～T4时间点MAP、血糖、皮质醇、HR均较T0升高(P0.05);研究组T1～T4时间点血糖、MAP、皮质醇、HR与T0时间点比较无差异(P0.05);研究组T1～T4时间点血糖、MAP、皮质醇、HR低于对照组(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较无差异(P0.05)。结论:小儿先天性心脏病介入手术中应用喉罩通气下七氟醚全凭吸入麻醉,诱导迅速且安全、术后苏醒快、手术时间短,可有效维持血流动力学稳定,减少应激反应。     

多靶点抗AD bis-MEP-乙二酰胺杂合物ZLA抑制神经元型AChE活性及促智作用研究

目的:探究ZLA对神经元型AChE的抑制活性及其对中枢胆碱能神经功能障碍导致的学习记忆功能减退的改善作用。方法:通过体外实验观察ZLA对神经元型AChE活性的影响;通过ex vivo实验观察ZLA体内AChE抑制活性;利用Morris水迷宫行为学实验探讨ZLA对东莨菪碱诱发的小鼠学习记忆功能障碍的改善作用。结果:ZLA明显抑制人SH-SY5Y神经元细胞和小鼠海马神经元来源的AChE活性。另外,ZLA腹腔注射后以剂量依赖性方式抑制小鼠脑内AChE活性。Morris水迷宫实验结果显示,ZLA显著改善东莨菪碱引起的学习和记忆功能障碍。结论:ZLA能够抑制神经元型AChE活性并具有促智作用。     

可视软性喉镜与光棒在颈椎损伤手术患者全身麻醉气管插管中的应用效果比较

目的:比较可视软性喉镜与光棒用于颈椎损伤手术患者全身麻醉气管插管的有效性与安全性。方法:选择2017年1月至2019年2月本院60例高位颈椎骨折需行气管插管全身麻醉的患者,随机分为可视软性喉镜组(U组)和光棒组(G组)各30例。术前所有患者颈托固定,U组使用UE可视软性喉镜行气管插管,G组使用光棒行气管插管,确认气管插管成功后接呼吸机机械通气。比较两组气管插管时间、一次性插管成功率、拔管后口咽部并发症、插管前后的皮层体感诱发电位(CSEP)及运动诱发电位(MMEP)的变化。记录两组患者麻醉前、麻醉诱导后、气管插管后即刻、气管插管后1 min、气管插管后3 min的平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR)。结果:U组气管插管时间较G组插管时间长(P0.05);U组和G组气管插管一次性成功率分别为95%和100%;插管后即刻G组患者MAP升高较U明显(P0.05);与U组比较,G组插管后即刻及插管后1 min、3 min的HR升高较明显(P0.05);U组患者口咽部并发症较G组少;两组患者插管后SSEP及MMEP与插管前相比无阳性改变。结论:可视软性喉镜较光棒需要更长的气管插管时间,两者的气管插管一次性成功率均较高,但可视软性喉镜插管期间循环波动较小、术后口咽部并发症较轻,值得临床推广应用。     

水椰八角铁甲不同日龄和性别成虫表皮碳氢化合物的种类及动态

水椰八角铁甲Octodonta nipae(Maulik)是一种严重为害棕榈科植物的外来入侵害虫。为了明确日龄和性别等个体因素对水椰八角铁甲成虫表皮碳氢化合物的影响,本研究采用化学萃取法和气相色谱-质谱联用技术,分析了不同日龄的水椰八角铁甲雌、雄成虫表皮碳氢化合物的组成和含量。结果表明,水椰八角铁甲成虫的表皮碳氢化合物由21种C_(18)-C_(30)的碳氢化合物构成,包括11种正构烷烃、2种单甲基烷烃、1种多甲基烷烃、3种正构烯烃、1种单甲基烯烃和3种环烷烃。不同日龄和性别成虫的表皮碳氢化合物的组成种类相同,但是一些组分的含量有明显变化,例如1 d、5 d、10 d和15 d雌、雄成虫之间正二十四烷、正二十六烷、2-甲基十九烷和1-二十烯的含量存在显著差异。水椰八角铁甲成虫表皮碳氢化合物具有性二型,如性成熟雄虫的表皮的正二十烷、正二十一烷、正二十四烷、正二十六烷、2-甲基十九烷、10-甲基二十烷、1-二十烯和1-二十二烯的含量显著高于性成熟雌虫。本文的研究结果可为检验检疫过程中水椰八角铁甲近缘种,以及日龄、性别和性成熟的快速鉴定提供支持。