枯草芽孢杆菌肥在罗汉果上应用的效应分析

以罗汉果永青2号品种为材料,在连作6 a罗汉果的地块上,用地膜覆盖和区间隔离的方法,施入不同浓度的枯草芽孢杆菌肥,观察土壤微生物数量、罗汉果叶绿素量、白绢病发生率、产量及皂苷Ⅴ的变化,研究枯草芽孢杆菌肥对多年种植罗汉果地块的土壤微生物,植株生长和品质的影响。结果表明:枯草芽孢杆菌肥明显提高0~20 cm土壤微生物的数量,尤其是细菌数量和放线菌明显高于对照;而引发植株发病的真菌数量显著减少,最多能减少13.8%。提高罗汉果植株叶片叶绿素含量,促进叶绿素a、叶绿素b的形成,有利光合作用积累,同时,能增加叶绿素c含量,提高植株抗逆性;能抑制或降低白绢病病菌感染,减少白绢病发生。罗汉果果实产量得到明显提高,最大提高17.5%,同时,大中果比率提高7.5%,优化了罗汉果商品的物理性状;能改善罗汉果品质,提高其内含物的含量,果实中的主效成份皂苷Ⅴ含量达到1.33%,显著高于对照。该研究结果为罗汉果产区使用枯草芽孢杆菌肥连续种植罗汉果提供了依据。     

罗汉果果肉中糖类物质组成与含量分析

罗汉果果实中富含糖分,糖类物质的组成及其含量对果实的内在品质有重要影响,然而多年来对其品质的研究多集中在罗汉果苷上,果实中可溶性糖种类与含量迄今尚未见有系统地报道。该研究以干燥的罗汉果果实为材料,采用PMP柱前衍生化一高效液相色谱紫外检测法、高效液相色谱示差折光检测法分别检测果肉中可溶性糖的种类与含量,并进行方法学考察。结果表明:PMP柱前衍生化一高效液相色谱紫外检测法只能检出罗汉果果实中存在的2种还原性醛糖——葡萄糖、甘露糖;而高效液相色谱示差折光检测法则可一次性检出葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、棉籽糖、多糖5种糖分。与柱前衍生化法相比,高效液相色谱示差折光检测法更适合用来全面分析罗汉果果实中糖分的种类和含量。不同罗汉果品种果实中糖的组分一致,但含量有显著差别。另外,样品的干燥方式会影响果实中的总糖及各组分的相对含量。冻干果肉中蔗糖和葡萄糖相对含量最高,烘干则导致蔗糖和葡萄糖下降,果糖与多糖相对含量增加。     

氮、磷添加对不同林型土壤磷酸酶活性的影响

研究了鼎湖山3种森林类型(南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林、马尾松人工林和针叶阔叶混交林)的土壤酸性磷酸单酯酶活性(APA)对施肥的响应情况。在3种林型中分别设置对照、加氮(150 kg N hm-2a-1)、加磷(150 kg P hm-2a-1)以及N和P同时添加(150 kg N hm-2a-1+150 kg P hm-2a-1)4种不同处理。结果表明,季风林土壤APA((15.83±2.46)μmol g-1h-1)显著高于混交林((10.71±0.78)μmol g-1h-1)和马尾松林((9.12±0.38)μmol g-1h-1),且3种林型土壤APA与土壤有效磷含量均呈显著负相关。施加N肥显著提高了季风林土壤APA,而对混交林和马尾松林的作用不显著。施加P肥显著降低了混交林和马尾松林土壤APA,但对季风林的影响不明显。N和P同时添加仅显著降低了马尾松林土壤APA,但在季风林中存在交互作用。因此,N沉降会加剧亚热带成熟林土壤P的限制,可以考虑施加P肥作为森林管理的一种方式来缓解这种限制作用。     

成蚊糖餐行为及其在蚊虫防制中的应用

蚊虫作为重要的病媒生物,其大多数种类在成虫阶段需要取食糖餐,且对不同糖餐组分表现出不同偏好。同时,糖餐行为具有特定的时辰节律。野外条件下,不同成蚊对不同开花植物及其果实具有不同的偏好,不同糖餐植物对成蚊的存活率、寿命、繁殖力的影响各不相同。成蚊对糖餐的定位与植物挥发物有关,目前已有多种糖餐植物的活性挥发物被鉴定。含毒糖诱剂对多种成蚊具有良好的防治效果,人们已将其用于多种病媒生物的防治及蚊媒病毒的检测。利用糖餐植物挥发物研发出蚊虫引诱剂,在降低蚊媒疾病风险方面具有广阔的应用前景。本文对成蚊取食糖餐的习性、成蚊偏好的糖餐植物相关研究以及如何利用成蚊的糖餐行为来进行蚊虫防制等进行了综述。     

白花银背藤中的生物碱及其细胞毒活性研究

为研究白花银背藤(Argyreia seguinii)的生物碱类成分及其细胞毒活性，该研究采用硅胶、ODS、Sephadex LH-20及半制备HPLC等柱色谱法对白花银背藤的75%乙醇提取物进行分离纯化，根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构，并通过MTS法检测化合物对5种肿瘤细胞的增殖抑制活性。结果表明：从白花银背藤中分离得到9个生物碱类化合物，分别鉴定为N-反式桂皮酰对羟基苯乙胺(1)、N-反式对香豆酰基酪胺(2)、N-反式阿魏酰酪胺(3)、N-顺式阿魏酰酪胺(4)、1H-吲哚-3-甲醇(5)、金色酰胺醇酯(6)、8-氧-四氢巴马亭(7)、8-oxypalmatine(8)和12,13-dihydro-8-oxoberberine(9)。其中，化合物1、4-9均为首次从该植物中分离得到，化合物7和化合物8对肝癌SMMC-7721细胞显示细胞毒活性，半抑制浓度(IC₅₀)值分别为(15.50±0.76)、(14.24±0.72)μmol·L^-1。该研究结果为进一步探讨白花银背藤的化学成分和药理活性奠定了基础，为厘清壮药“一匹绸”的药材基原...     

DNA structure in which an adenine-cytosine mismatch pair forms an integral part of the double helix

Extensive studies using one- and two-dimensional 1H NMR at 500 MHz revealed that the oligonucleotide d(CGCCGCAGC) in solution at 5 degrees C forms a double helix under conditions of high salt (500 mM in NaCl, 1 mM sodium phosphate), low pH (pH 4.5), and high DNA concentration (4 mM in duplex). The presence of very strong nuclear Overhauser effects (NOEs) from base H8/H6 to sugar H2',H2" and the absence of NOE from base H8/H6 to sugar H3' suggested that the oligomer under these solution conditions forms a right-handed B-DNA double helix. The following lines of experimental evidence were used to conclude that C4 and A7 form an integral part of the duplex: (i) the presence of a NOESY cross-peak involving H8 of A7 and H8 of G8, (ii) the presence of a two-dimensional NOE (NOESY) cross-peak between H6 of C3 and H6 of C4, (iii) base protons belonging to C4 and A7 forming a part of the H8/H6---H1' cross-connectivity route, and (iv) the pattern of H8/H6---H2',H2" NOESY cross-connectivity based upon a B-DNA model requiring that both C4 and A7 form an integral part of the duplex. The possibility of an A-C pair involving H bonds was also examined. Two possible structural models of the duplex at pH 4.5 are proposed: in one model A-C pairing involves two H bonds, and in the other A-C pairing involves a single H bond.     

Evidence for specific selenium target tissues and new biologically important selenoproteins

After in-vivo labeling with [75Se]selenite the Se-containing proteins present in rat tissues were investigated by means of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Thirteen Se-containing proteins or protein subunits with relative molecular weights of 12,100, 15,600, 18,000, 19,700, 22,200, 23,700, 27,800, 33,300, 55,500, 59,900, 64,900, 70,100 and 75,400 were detected in the tissue homogenates. The protein with the molecular weight of 23,700 was the subunit of glutathione peroxidase, which is the only selenoprotein so far known to have biological functions in animals. Most of these proteins were found in all tissues investigated but one was only detected in the testes and the spermatozoa and one was present mainly in the thyroid. With inadequate selenium intake there was a priority supply of the element to the brain, the reproductive and the endocrine organs, and at a molecular level to Se-containing proteins other than glutathione peroxidase. The results suggest important biological functions of these selenoproteins, especially in the specific target tissues.     

Fungal biomass associated with decaying leaf litter in a stream

Summary Fungal biomass, measured as ergosterol content, was determined on alder leaf litter incubated during autumn in a softwater Pyrenean stream. The ergosterol content of the leaf litter increased rapidly to a maximum of 462 μg/g detrital dry mass. Ergosterol contents of aquatic Hyphomycetes grown in shake culture were typically ≤5 mg/g mycelial dry mass. Using the corresponding ergosterol-to-biomass conversion factor of 200, peak fungal mass accounted for 9.2% of total system mass, or 10.2% of leaf dry mass. For the period of highest activity (incubation days 7–28), net fungal production on leaf litter was estimated as 2.3 mg d⁻¹ g⁻¹ leaf mass. A conservative estimate of the growth efficiency for the same period was 105 mg mycelial mass per gram leaf mass degraded, assuming that non-leaf organic matter did not constitute an important carbon source supporting fungal production.     

鸡肝果糖-2,6-二磷酸酯酶结构域的初步晶体学研究

从鸡肝6-磷酸果糖-2-激酶/果糖-2,6-二磷酸酯酶分离的果糖-2,6-二磷酸酯酶结构域(残基245～468)已在E.coli中获得高效表达,并经分离得到纯化,使用悬滴气相扩散法成功地培养出该果糖-2,6-二磷酸酯酶结构域单晶.该酶晶体属于四方晶系,空间群为P4₁2₁2或P4₃2₁2,晶胞参数为:a=b=10.02nm,c=13.98nm,α=β=γ=90°.晶胞内每个结晶学不对称单位含有2个果糖-2,6-二磷酸酯酶分子.利用日本 Photon Factory同步辐射光源收集了分辨率为 0.32 nm的母体衍射据.     

一种用FRAP测定细胞间隙连接介导通讯的方法

本文探讨了利用荧光漂白恢复技术(FRAP)测定体外培养小鼠大脑皮层神经胶质细胞间隙连接通讯的方法。经细胞培养、荧光染色、荧光激发、荧光漂白、激光扫描及计算 机分析等处理,结果各所选神经胶质细胞内荧光均得到不同程度的恢复,即经扫描15.3分钟后,1—5号细胞内荧光相对强度分别上升了14％、28％、43％、17.5%、12.5％,三次平均上升了18.57±10.06％,荧光恢复速率平均为1.223±0.785％/min(n=14)。表明该方法可用来测定细胞间隙连接通讯。