贵州花溪大学城破碎化林地鸟类多样性与嵌套分布格局

为揭示城镇化进程中生境破碎化对鸟类多样性及分布格局的影响, 本研究于2017-2019年每年的4-8月使用样线法对贵州花溪大学城26块破碎化林地(面积介于0.3-290.4 ha)中的鸟类群落进行了10次调查。共记录到鸟类78种, 隶属于11目37科。其中, 东洋界物种数占56.4%, 古北界物种数占32.1%, 广布种占11.5%; 有中国特有种1种。剔除高空飞行、非森林鸟类及偶然出现物种后, 不同斑块中的鸟类物种数介于12-55之间, 平均每个斑块有23.2 ± 10.5种。线性回归分析显示, 鸟类物种丰富度与林地斑块的面积有显著相关性, 斑块面积越小, 鸟类物种丰富度越低; 斑块隔离度对物种丰富度没有显著影响。基于物种多度分布矩阵的WNODF (weighted nestedness metric based on overlap and decreasing fill)嵌套分析显示, 不同斑块中鸟类群落呈现出反嵌套结构。小斑块中鸟类物种丰富度较低可能与植物丰富度较低、食物资源稀缺和繁育条件不足有关, 但短距离的隔离对鸟类迁入或扩散影响有限。环境过滤效应、种间竞争或优先效应可能导致不同斑块间存在较大的物种组成差异, 从而导致反嵌套格局。因此, 本研究建议在城市规划建设中应注重维持栖息地的完整性, 对不同面积大小的破碎化斑块都应加以保护。     

无花果叶共生菌发酵的菌种富集及抑菌活性的筛选

目的从无花果叶中分离和筛选能发酵分解无花果叶及具有抑菌作用的共生菌。方法采用以无花果叶作为唯一碳源的富集培养方法,分离共生菌并分析发酵菌群的构成。同时,通过研磨法直接分离无花果叶内生菌,对分离菌株进行分子生物学鉴定,利用平板滤纸片法进行菌株的抑菌活性分析。结果无花果叶发酵菌群由11种22株细菌构成,其中优势菌为短波单胞菌(Brevundimonas naejangsanensis)、嗜温鞘氨醇杆菌(Sphingobacterium thalpophilum)和副球菌(Paracoccus sp.)。没有获得发酵无花果叶的真菌菌群,只分离出1株产黄青霉菌(Penicillium chrysogenum)。直接分离共获得无花果叶内生细菌8种14株和内生真菌3种9株。抑菌试验表明,来源于富集培养的泡囊短波单胞菌(Brevundimonas vesicularis)和产黄青霉菌以及来源于内生菌的枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)对枯草芽胞杆菌、大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌3种指示菌有不同的抑菌作用,且它们的抑菌谱各不相同。泡囊短波单胞菌只在无花果叶中培养时才表现出抑菌活性。结论短波单胞菌可能与无花果叶的发酵分解有关,泡囊短波单胞菌与无花果叶之间发生了相互作用,因此,这2株菌可以作为无花果叶发酵的候选菌种应用。     

内质网膜复合亚基3调控内质网应激影响人畸胎瘤细胞的存活

内质网膜蛋白复合物（endoplasmic reticulum membrane complex,EMC）在跨膜蛋白质的生物发生和膜整合中发挥重要作用。内质网膜复合亚基3(endoplasmic reticulum membrane complex 3,EMC3)是EMC的重要组成部分,但其在生殖细胞中发挥的作用未见报道。本研究通过实时荧光定量PCR法检测18周龄小鼠睾丸、肺、脾、下丘脑组织中的EMC3 mRNA表达水平差异。结果显示,小鼠睾丸中EMC3 mRNA表达水平较高。体外培养人畸胎癌细胞NCCIT,通过不同浓度衣霉素诱导细胞产生内质网应激(endoplasmic reticulum stress,ERS),应用实时荧光定量PCR法、蛋白质印迹法检测其中EMC3、葡萄糖调节蛋白78(glucose regulatory protein,GRP78)、CCAAT-增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白(CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein,CHOP)的mRNA及其蛋白质表达水平。结果显示,相对于对照组,EMC3、GRP78、CHOP的mRNA与蛋白质水平表达极显著升高(P< 0.01),表明衣霉素成功诱导了NCCIT细胞产生内质网应激,EMC3在衣霉素诱导的内质网应激的精原细胞中,mRNA与蛋白质水平表达升高。以NCCIT细胞cDNA为模板,利用PCR法扩增EMC3基因片段,并将其与pRK5-myc载体连接,构建pRK5-myc-EMC3重组质粒,经双酶切鉴定及DNA测序表明：pRK5-myc-EMC3重组质粒构建成功。将重组质粒和空载体分别转染至NCCIT细胞中进行表达,应用实时荧光定量PCR法与CCK8法检测细胞中GRP78、CHOP的mRNA转录水平以及细胞活力。结果显示,EMC3转染组的GRP78、CHOP的mRNA水平表达显著升高(P< 0.05),细胞活性极显著降低(P< 0.01),表明EMC3可以在NCCIT细胞中调控内质网应激并抑制细胞存活的发生。综上表明,过表达EMC3能够在精原细胞中调控内质网应激抑制细胞存活,EMC3可能在精原细胞的内质网应激中发挥重要作用。     

隐匿性胫骨平台骨折MRI、CT检查的影像学表现及其诊断价值对比的回顾性研究

目的:研究对比隐匿性胫骨平台骨折(TPOF)磁共振成像(MRI)、电子计算机断层扫描(CT)检查的影像学表现及其诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析我院自2016年1月至2019年12月拟诊断为TPOF且X线检查表现为阴性的89例患者的临床资料,分别对所有受试者进行MRI、CT检查,且以手术检查为金标准,比较上述两种影像学检查手段诊断TPOF的效能。此外,比较MRI、CT检查诊断TPOF的表观扩散系数以及节段各向异性值以及对TPOF类型的检出率。结果:MRI检查诊断TPOF的灵敏度、特异度及准确度分别为98.61%、94.12%、97.75%,均高于CT检查的79.17%、64.71%、76.40%(均P<0.05)。MRI检查诊断TPOF的表观扩散系数高于CT检查,而节段各向异性值低于CT检查(均P<0.05)。MRI检查对骨皮质骨折的检出率低于CT检查,而对骨小梁骨折的检出率高于CT检查(均P<0.05)。结论:MRI检查诊断TPOF的价值高于CT检查,且在骨小梁骨折的检出率方面优于CT检查,但CT检查应用于骨皮质骨折的诊断价值更高。临床工作中可能通过联合MRI以及CT检查,继而达到提高TPOF检出率的目的。     

盐土生古菌属（Haloterrigena）分类研究进展

盐土生古菌属(Haloterrigena)是一类生长在含有1.7～5.5 mol/L NaCl、17～60℃温度范围内的极端嗜盐古菌。自该属1999年被建立以来,目前已有10个种被有效发表。但是在基于16S rRNA或rpoB'基因的系统进化树上,盐土生古菌属物种常与碱线菌属(Natrinema)和嗜盐碱红菌属(Natronorubrum)的成员交叉聚类在一起;而且盐土生古菌属内各成员间的特征也不尽相同,如多数盐土生古菌属菌株生长pH范围6.0～9.0,最适pH 7.0～7.5,然而大庆盐土生古菌(Haloterrigena daqingensis)为该属的唯一嗜碱成员,生长pH在8.0～10.5,最适为pH 10.0;在化学分类特征方面,该属的多数菌株含有糖脂类型为双硫化二糖基二醚(disulfated diglycosyl diether,S2-DGD-1),然而伊斯帕尼亚盐土生古菌(Haloterrigena hispanica)菌株FP1含有S-DGD硫酸化二糖基二醚(sulfated diglycosyl diether)。鉴于该属存在的这些特殊特征,以及与碱线菌属和嗜盐碱红菌属在系统进化上的特殊关系,结合前期发表的该属的新种和相关文献资料,系统综述了盐土生古菌属的建立、分类学特征、生态分布、基因组信息等方面的研究进展,以期为盐土生古菌属已知种分类地位的确定、该属其他新分离菌株的分类鉴定、功能基因资源的挖掘与开发提供借鉴。     

658 nm低能量激光照射对人牙周膜细胞生物学效应的影响

目的:探讨658 nm低能量激光照射对人牙周膜细胞增殖、碱性磷酸酶活性及纤维连接蛋白合成的影响.方法:改良组织块法体外培养人牙周膜细胞.通过658 nm激光照射人牙周膜细胞,观察能量密度为1.86 J/cm2和3.72 J/cm2激光照射后不同时间点细胞增殖效应、碱性磷酸酶活性和纤维连接蛋白的变化.结果:1.86 J/cm2和3.72 J/cm2能量密度的激光照射人牙周膜细胞,可显著促进细胞增殖效应.3.72 J/cm2能量密度的激光照射可提高人牙周膜细胞碱性磷酸酶活性;能量密度为1.86 J/cm2的激光照射人牙周膜细胞72 h后,细胞中纤维连接蛋白分泌量增加.结论:658 nm低剂量激光照射可促进人牙周膜细胞增殖;适量的低剂量激光照射人牙周膜细胞可促进其碱性磷酸酶活性及纤维连接蛋白的分泌.     

Biosynthesis,characterization and antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles by a halotolerant Bacillus endophyticus SCU-L

Abstract

We have conducted a thorough study on extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by a halotolerant bacterium Bacillus endophyticus SCU-L, which was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. This strain was selected during an ongoing research programme aimed at finding a novel biological method for green nanosynthetic routes using the extremophiles in unexplored hypersaline habitats. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized and analyzed with UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Further, the AgNPs were found to be spherical in shape with an average particle size of about 5.1?nm, and it was stable in aqueous solution for three months period of storage at room temperature under dark condition. Also, the synthesized AgNPs significantly presented antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. The above results suggested that the present work may provide a valuable reference and theoretical basis for further exploration on microbial biosynthesis of AgNPs by halotolerant bacteria.     

piRNA-Triggered MIWI Ubiquitination and Removal by APC/C in Late Spermatogenesis

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Highlights? MIWI is a substrate of APC/C, and piRNA loading is essential for MIWI ubiquitination ? piRNA loading promotes MIWI binding to the APC/C substrate-binding subunit ? MIWI and piRNAs are coordinately eliminated in late spermatids ? Inhibition of MIWI destruction in late spermatids prevents sperm maturation     

Phylogenetic position of Jaoa,a green algal genus endemic to China

Jaoa prasina, a freshwater green alga endemic to China, was collected from a stream in Hubei province, China. Unialgal cultivation, morphological observation, and phylogenetic analyses of small subunit ribosomal DNA and RuBisCO large subunit sequences were performed. When cultured on agar medium, the alga was irregularly filamentous, similar to marine species of Acrochaete. Aplanospores were observed on solid medium. A vesicular‐like thallus without rhizoids developed in liquid medium, similar to specimen development in natural habitats. Molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that Jaoa was closely related to the marine genera Acrochaete Pringsheim and Ulvella Crouan & Crouan. The results suggested the genus Jaoa is a member of the family Ulvellaceae (Ulvophyceae), which contains mostly marine algae. The family name Jaoaceae should be abandoned. We speculate that Jaoa may have evolved from a marine Ulvellaceae ancestor.     

Klotho Suppresses Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis in Mice with Stress-Induced Cardiac Injury via Downregulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is a common pathological alteration in heart disease which results in systolic dysfunction or sudden death. Klotho is a novel anti-aging hormone. We tested the effects of klotho on cell apoptosis in isoproterenol-treated cardiomyocytes. In BALB/c mice, cardiac injury was induced by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (5mg/kg, for 9days, sc). Klotho (0.01 mg/kg, every other day for 4days, ip) was administered to determine the changes in isoproterenol-induced apoptosis. Mouse heart was harvested at day 2, day 5, and day 9 after isoproterenol injection. Isoproterenol induced cardiac apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in a time-dependent manner. However, klotho partly reversed isoproterenol-induced cardiac apoptosis and ER stress. These same effects were observed in cultured cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, the results also showed that SB203580, a p38 inhibitor, and SP600125, a c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ER stress, however, klotho suppressed isoproterenol-induced activation of p38 and JNK. Taken together, these results indicated that cardioprotection by klotho was related to the attenuation of ER stress and ER stress-induced apoptosis, at least partly, through suppressing activation of the p38 and JNK pathway.