京津冀风沙源区沙化土地治理关键技术研究与示范

京津冀风沙源区是我国北方生态屏障的重要组成部分。面向我国北方风沙区沙化土地综合治理、典型脆弱生态修复与保护等重大科技需求,京津冀风沙源区沙化土地治理关键技术研究与示范项目将综合运用长期定位观测、控制实验、多源遥感数据融合、技术示范等方法,重点研究京津冀风沙源区土地沙化形成机制与生态修复机理,研发一批沙化土地治理与产业化关键技术,并在各治理区开展试验示范,集成京津冀风沙源区沙化土地治理与产业化技术体系,构建沙化土地综合整治空间决策支持系统,为京津风沙源治理工程建设、保障京津冀地区生态安全及满足2022年北京冬奥会生态需求提供科技支撑。     

Short pulse of 1080 improves the survival of brown kiwi chicks in an area subjected to long-term stoat trapping

Many mainland populations of kiwi are declining because stoats (Mustela erminea) kill most of their chicks. Stoats are often trapped during conservation programmes, but the long-term effectiveness of trapping has not been measured. During continuous trapping of mammalian predators in the 9800?ha Whangarei Kiwi Sanctuary, the survival of brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli) chicks declined over time. Following the use of sodium fluoroacetate (1080) to kill rats (Rattus spp.) and possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) and likely secondary poisoning of stoats, chick survival at Riponui increased from 5% to 56%, and the 62% chick survival at Rarewarewa was better than the 20% recorded in a trapped-only area nearby. We suggest that untrappable stoats accumulate in areas subjected to continuous predator trapping. Conservation managers should build into their long-term pest control programmes a periodic pulse of an alternative tool to kill pests that, for whatever reason, actively avoid the primary control tool.     

Bacillus natto TK-1产脂肽的纯化、抑菌活性及其表面活性剂特性

利用酸沉、醇提和薄层层析等方法从Bacillus natto TK-1 发酵液中分离得到脂肽。TLC结果表明,在迁移值Rf 0.58-0.65处出现单一紫红色条带其为脂肽粗提物。脂肽的临界胶束浓度约115mg/L。在浓度为512mg/L时,脂肽能将水的表面张力显著地降低到30.1mN/m。同时,通过体外抗粘连实验表明,脂肽能显著抑制沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌对96孔板固体表面的粘附,其中,对沙门氏菌的抗粘连效果较为明显。通过平板扩散法考察脂肽抑菌活性,结果表明脂肽具有较广泛的抑菌谱,对灰霉和镰胞霉的抑菌能力较强。     

Study on Traditional Knowledge of Wild Edible Plants Used by the Mongolians in Xilingol Typical Steppe Area*

The local herdsmen were served as informants, methods of interviews and voucher specimen collection and identification have been used to conduct ethnobotanical field investigations on wild edible plants in the Xilingol typical steppe area, Inner Mongolia. The results show that 29 species and two varieties of wild plants used for food and drinks by the Mongolians in Xilingol typical steppe area. The edible parts of the plants are whole plant, aerial parts, roots, stems, bulbs, leaves, flowers, fruits or/and seeds respectively. Among them, the leaf is the most widely used part. Six categories of food uses based on the mode of folk edible use were established to classify wild food plants, including wild grain, vegetables, fruit, substitute for tea, seasoning, and snacks. Among them, vegetables were the largest group, followed by plants used as substitute for tea, and plants used for seasoning. Wild plants are usually eaten raw or cooked by the local people. Raw materials and prepared food from wild plants are preserved through the method of pickling and drying. A distinguishing feature of region and ethnic group is that mutton, beef, fresh milk and yoghourt are necessarily used in cooking dish and making milk tea from wild plants by local Mongolians.     

The role of mast cells and macrophages in amiodarone induced pulmonary fibrosis and the possible attenuating role of atorvastatin

Amiodarone (AM) is an effective anti-arrhythmic drug. We investigated the role of mast cells and macrophages on AM induced pulmonary fibrosis and the action of atorvastatin on this fibrosis. Rats were allocated into four groups; negative control (1), positive control (2), 30 mg/kg body weight/day AM (3) and AM + 10 mg/kg/day atorvastatin (4). Lungs were harvested and prepared for histology and immunohistochemistry. Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections of group 3 exhibited disorganized lung architecture. We found cellular debris in the lumen of both intrapulmonary bronchi and bronchioles with partial disruption of the thickened epithelial lining and mononuclear cellular infiltration into the lamina propria. We also observed thickening of the epithelial lining and the smooth muscle layer. Congested, dilated and thickened blood capillaries and thickened inter-alveolar septa were observed with mononuclear cellular infiltrates in the lung of group 3. Most alveoli were collapsed, but some dilated ones were detected. In some alveoli, type ?? pneumocytes were increased, while type I cells were decreased. We observed significant increases in the amount of collagen in the thickened inter-alveolar septa, around bronchioles and around blood capillaries in sections from group 3. We found a significant increase in mast cells and alveolar macrophages in group 3 compared to group 1. Mast cells and macrophages appear to play important roles in AM induced pulmonary fibrosis. Atorvastatin appears to attenuate this condition.     

甲基纤维素辐射降解及工艺研究

介绍了^60Co γ－射线对甲基纤维素的辐射降解作用,初步研究了辐射剂量、剂量率对甲基纤维素粘的影响。评价了甲基纤维素辐照后的贮存稳定性,并对辐射降解工艺进行了探讨。     

γ射线辐照灭菌剂量的模糊优化

γ射线辐照灭菌处理的关键性技术是辐照剂量的优化和确定。通过对照射后的SPF试验动物饲料的理化、微生物和感官指标的分析,提出γ辐照灭菌处理的模糊综合质量评价方法,进而实现对辐照剂量的模糊优化。     

基因枪在大鼠闭塞性血管病基因治疗中的应用

探讨利用基因枪技术转移肝细胞生长因子基因治疗大鼠肢体闭塞性血管病的可行性,构建了携带人肝细胞生长因子（HGF）基因的重组真核表达载体（pUDKH),在制备好大鼠下肢闭塞性血管病模型后,通过基因枪或肌肉直接注射法,向局部缺血部位肌肉中转移pUDKH,每只5ug(基因枪）和12ug(肌肉注射）,应用常规组织病理切片（H．E．染色）及免疫组织化学方法观察血管形成及基因表达,转移pUDKH后第10天,用基因枪和直接注射法转移的局部肌肉组织的HGF的表达明显高于转移空白质粒（pUDK)的对照组,pUDKH组可见明显的小血管新生,而pUKD组至20天时仍未观察到或仅见到极少量的新生血管,基因枪与肌肉注射两组相比血管密度无明显差异,采用基因枪直接转移pUDKH裸露质粒子肢体缺血局部的方法是可行的,转移的基因可在局部有效表达,达到促进血管形成的预期目的。