东亚大都市学生头型的比较研究

为了研讨居住区域的气候条件和社会经济环境对头型的影响,采用国际通用的人体测量法,调查测量了东亚三个国家四个集团３４７２名６－１７岁学生的头长和头宽,经统计学处理求得其平均值、头指数,回归方程,并作性差和地区差检验,其结果表明：中国大连学生为特圆头型,菲律宾马尼拉学生为圆头型,地理位置在大连和马尼拉之间的日本东京的学生的头型也位于二者之间,生活富裕集团的头长和头宽明显大于生活贫穷集团的学生,但头型二     

四川55种鱼生活史型的研究

四川５５种鱼生活史型的研究刁晓明,罗一兵李波（西南农业大学水产系,重庆６３０７１６）（重庆大学计算机系,６３００００）ＬｉｆｅＨｉｓｔｏｒｙＰａｔｔｅｒｎｓｏｆ５５ＦｉｓｈＳｐｅｃｉｅｓｉｎＳｉｃｈｕａｎ￥ＤｉａｏＸｉａｏｍｉｎｇ;ＬｕｏＹｉｂｉｎｇ...     

Haemodynamic and renin responses to prostacyclin infusion in Na depleted and Na restricted sheep

The haemodynamic and renin responses to prostacyclin (PGI2) infusion were examined in sheep during sodium depletion and dietary sodium restriction. The haemodynamic effects of PGI2 infusion in sodium depleted and sodium restricted sheep were similar to those obtained in the sodium replete animal. The renin proportionate response to PGI2 was not altered by sodium restriction but blunted by sodium depletion, compatible with the hypothesis that endogenous PGI2 is high in Na depletion.     

猕猴桃品种‘金桃’采收指标与果实软熟品质相关性研究

分别对河南省27个果园的中华猕猴桃（Actinidia chinensis Planch.）品种‘金桃’果实的5项采收生理指标及果实软熟时的8项品质性状进行测定,采用主成分分析法对果实软熟时的品质指标进行综合评分,并对果实的采收生理指标、果实软熟品质指标及综合分值间进行相关性分析。结果显示,采收时的生理指标（干物质、色度角、硬度和可溶性固形物）均与果实软熟品质综合分值间呈极显著相关,其中干物质相关系数最高,为0.437。干物质与体现果实软熟品质的关键指标（可溶性固形物、总糖和糖酸比）均呈极显著性相关。研究结果表明‘金桃’果实采收时,干物质含量是果实软熟时品质的重要评价指标,而可溶性固形物和色度角是评判采收期的辅助指标。     

Complementing amino acid substitutions within loop 6 of the alpha/beta-barrel active site influence the CO2/O2 specificity of chloroplast ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase

Photosynthesis-deficient mutant 45-3B of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii contains a chloroplast mutation that causes valine-331 to be replaced by alanine within the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. This amino acid substitution occurs in loop 6 of the alpha/beta-barrel active site, three residues distant from catalytic lysine-334. The mutation reduces the specific activity of the enzyme and also reduces its CO2/O2 specificity factor by 42%, but the amount of holoenzyme is unaffected. In a previous study, an intragenic-suppressor mutation, named S40-9D, was selected that causes threonine-342 to be replaced by isoleucine, thereby increasing the CO2/O2 specificity of the mutant enzyme by 36%. To determine which other residues might be able to complement the original mutation, nine additional genetically independent revertants have now been analyzed. Another intragenic suppressor, represented by mutation S61-2J, causes glycine-344 to be replaced by serine. This change increases the CO2/O2 specificity of the mutant enzyme by 25%. Of the revertants recovered and analyzed, the mutant enzyme was improved only due to true reversion or by intragenic suppression mediated by substitutions at residues 342 or 344. Changes in the physical properties of the two pairs of complementing substitutions indicate that steric effects within loop 6 are responsible for the observed changes in the CO2/O2 specificity of the enzyme.     

二甲基苯并蒽对肺肿瘤细胞P1-450基因表达的调节

人肺肿瘤细胞(ChaGo)经二甲基苯并蒽(DMBA)处理,刺激了p 1-450基因的高水平表达,用亚致死剂量内的DMBA 处理细胞,检出了p 1-450基因的mRNA 水平随DMBA浓度和处理时间而增加;p 1-450基因的主要编码区和3’末端区“—CCGG—”序列的甲基化型式不受DMBA 处理的影响,但DMBA 处理细胞影响到基因5’末端和侧翼区的“—CC-GG—”中“—C—”残基的位点特异的低甲基化效应,这种低甲基化效应,可能关系到p 1-450基因的异常高水平表达,也可能同时存在着别的分子调节机制。     

多效唑连用其它植物激素对水稻试管苗生长的影响

本实验采用继代多年的花培体细胞无性系Hu18再生绿芽(0.5mm)为起始材料,研究多效唑(MET)与其它激素配合使用对试管苗的调控作用,结果指出:(1)单独使用MET对绿芽生长有毒害作用,除2,4-D、GA,外,MET与适宜浓度的其它激素配合使用才能发挥增苗、壮苗作用,其中以MET与BA配合使用的培养效果最好,MET与NAA,C_2H_4配合使用的效果次之;(2)MET与其他激素配合使用不但能降低植株高度,促进根系发育,而且可以延长试管苗的保存时间;(3)MET与乙烯利配合使用能加速绿芽成苗速度,而与其他激素配合使则延缓绿芽成苗速度,如与2,4-D配合使用则延缓2,4-D对绿芽的脱分化进程;(4)在本实验条件下,以MET 2.5mg/L+BA 2mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L配合使用有利根芽的协调生长。本文还从植株干物质累积,叶细胞结构,细胞活力等方面进行了探讨。     

A global invasion by the thrip,Frankliniella occidentalis: Current virus vector status and its management

Western flower thrip, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is among the most economically important agricultural pests globally, attacking a wide range of vegetable and horticultural crops. In addition to causing extensive crop damage, the species is notorious for vectoring destructive plant viruses, mainly belonging to the genera Orthotospovirus, Ilarvirus, Alphacarmovirus and Machlomovirus. Once infected by orthotospoviruses, thrips can remain virulent throughout their lifespan and continue transmitting viruses to host plants when and wherever they feed. These irruptive viral outbreaks in crops will permanently disrupt functional integrated pest management systems, and typically require a remedial treatment involving insecticides, contributing to further development of insecticide resistance. To mitigate against this continuing cycle, the most effective management is early and comprehensive surveillance of the pest species and recognition of plant viruses in the field. This review provides information on the pest status of F. occidentalis, discusses the current global status of the viruses vectored by this thrip species, examines the mechanisms involved in transmitting virus‐induced diseases by thrips, and reviews different management strategies, highlighting the potential management tactics developed for various cropping systems. The early surveillance and the utilization of potential methods for control of both F. occidentalis and viruses are proposed.     

Comprehensive profiling of accessible surface glycans of mammalian sperm using a lectin microarray

It is well known that cell surface glycans or glycocalyx play important roles in sperm motility, maturation and fertilization. A comprehensive profile of the sperm surface glycans will greatly facilitate both basic research (sperm glycobiology) and clinical studies, such as diagnostics of infertility. As a group of natural glycan binders, lectin is an ideal tool for cell surface glycan profiling. However, because of the lack of effective technology, only a few lectins have been tested for lectin-sperm binding profiles. To address this challenge, we have developed a procedure for high-throughput probing of mammalian sperm with 91 lectins on lectin microarrays. Normal sperm from human, boar, bull, goat and rabbit were collected and analyzed on the lectin microarrays. Positive bindings of a set of ~50 lectins were observed for all the sperm of 5 species, which indicated a wide range of glycans are on the surface of mammalian sperm. Species specific lectin bindings were also observed. Clustering analysis revealed that the distances of the five species according to the lectin binding profiles are consistent with that of the genome sequence based phylogenetic tree except for rabbit. The procedure that we established in this study could be generally applicable for sperm from other species or defect sperm from the same species. We believe the lectin binding profiles of the mammalian sperm that we established in this study are valuable for both basic research and clinical studies.