采后大蒜鳞茎的生理生化变化及其贮藏技术

采后大蒜鳞茎的生理生化变化及其贮藏技术刘淑娴,李月标,陈芳,张东林,蒋跃明（中国科学院华南植物研究所,广州５１０６５０）摘要大蒜鳞茎在室温下贮藏２个月后,胚芽开始生长．随着胚芽生长,呼吸速率、蛋白质和维生素Ｃ含量逐渐增高;而可溶性糖和干物质含量下降。...     

IL-4-based helper activity of CD4 T cells is radiation sensitive

The capacity of CD4⁺ T cells to induce IgG synthesis in B cells has been known to be radioresistant for more than 20 years. However, the radiation sensitivity of helper T cells with regard to their ability to induce the synthesis of isotypes other than IgG has not been studied. We therefore irradiated KLH-primed lymph node T cells and examined their capacity to induce IgG, IgM, and IgE synthesis in hapten-primed B cells. We demonstrated that while the capacity of KLH-primed lymph node cells to induce IgG synthesis was not affected by irradiation, the capacity of such T cells to induce IgE synthesis was greatly reduced by γ-irradiation. This was consistent with our observations that IL-4 and IL-5 synthesis in such cells was greatly diminished by irradiation, whereas IL-2 synthesis was only minimally affected. A similar differential sensitivity to irradiation of the helper activity of Th1 and Th2 clones was observed with regard to their ability to induce IgE and IgG synthesis under cognate conditions. Irradiation greatly inhibited the capacity of Th2 clones to induce IgE synthesis, but only minimally affected the capacity of Th1 clones to induce IgG synthesis in primed B cells. The capacity of irradiated Th2 clones to induce IgE synthesis was restored by the addition of IL-4 and IL-5. These results taken together indicated that the sensitivity to irradiation of T helper cells with regard to the induction of IgE but not IgG synthesis was due to the sensitivity to irradiation of the production of IL-4 but not of IL-2. Thus, although some functions of CD4⁺ T cells are resistant to radiation, other functions, particularly those that depend on the production of IL-4 and IL-5, are greatly diminished by ionizing radiation.     

Systematics of white-toothed shrews (Crocidura) (Mammalia: Insectivora: Soricidae) of Taiwan: Karyological and morphological Studies

We define the species boundaries of white-toothed shrews (genus Crocidura ) in Taiwan using karyological and morphological characteristics. Ninety-nine animals were obtained from all over Taiwan at capture rates usually less than 10%. Three species are recognized by distinct cytotypes: Crocidura attenuata tanakae 2n = 40, FN = 56; Crocidura suaveolens hosletti 2n = 40, FN = 50; Crocidura kurodai 2n = 40, FN = 54. A suite of six morphological characters diagnose the three species: shape of skull, position of incisive foramina, shape of fourth upper premolar, shape of pinna, tail vibrissae, and foot pads. A species key and notes on the life history of each species are provided. Finally, we discuss chromosomal evolution and biolgeography of Crocidura in East and South East Asia.     

广西爵床科植物新资料

本文报道广西爵床科３３个新分类群,４个新组合,８个中国新记录,１３个广西新记录,１种花的补充描述和１种花萼描述的修订     

黄鳝食性的初步研究

通过对不同产地的２７１尾野生黄鳝的食性研究表明,全长小于１００ｍｍ的稚鱼,其食性随着全长的生长而变化,稚鱼前期以摄食轮虫,枝角类为主,后期则以水生寡毛类,摇蚊幼虫为主,而全长１０１ｍｍ－２００ｍｍ的幼鳝及全长大于２００ｍｍ的成鳝的食性,随全长变化相对稳定,且细鳝和成鳝的食谱基本相同,其主要食物组成均包括摇蚊幼虫,水生寡毛类,蚯蚓,昆虫幼虫,枝角类和桡足类等。其肠内含物中的饵料生物种类含量均在季节变     

Diminishing adenovirus gene expression and viral replication by promoter replacement.

The adenovirus E4 promoter was replaced by a synthetic promoter composed of a minimal TATA box and five consensus 17-mer yeast GAL4-binding-site elements. The viral vectors, which also contained human factor IX (hFIX) cDNA driven by Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat in the E1 region, were then constructed and expanded in 293 cells permanently expressing GAL4/VP16 fusion protein. Viral replication and expression of adenovirus E4 genes and late genes (hexon and fiber) were evaluated in vitro in the human lung carcinoma cell line H1299. Viral replication and viral gene expression were dramatically reduced in the cells transduced by vectors with a replaced E4 promoter compared to the levels in the cells transduced by vectors with the wild-type E4 promoter. The levels of transgene (hFIX) expression remained similar between vectors with or without E4 promoter replacement. These results indicate that diminution of viral gene expression and viral replication is achievable by promoter replacement.     

Cytogenetic and genomic relationships ofThinopyrum elongatum with twoPsathyrostachys species and withLeymus secalinus (Poaceae)

Intergeneric hybridizations were made betweenT. elongatum, and twoPsathyrostachys and fiveLeymus species. The seed set obtained onT. elongatum ×Leymus hybrids ranged from 5.65% to 20.00%, depending onLeymus species. The seed set obtained onT. elongatum ×Psathyrostachys hybrids ranged from 16.07% to 19.70%. Meiotic pairing at metaphase-I in JN diploid hybrids ofT. elongatum ×Psathyrostachys species revealed a very low level homology between the basic J and N genomes, and further demonstrated that the two genomes are quite diverged. Chromosome pairing in theT. elongatum ×Leymus secalinus hybrid averaged 15.19 univalents + 2.62 rod bivalents + 0.26 ring bivalents + 0.02 trivalents, suggesting that the partial J^e chromosomes ofT. elongatum has homology withLeymus secalinus genomes.L. secalinus might have 3–4 chromosomes originating from J^e genome.     

Genetic Variation in VP7 Gene of Human Rotavirus Serotype 2 (G2 Type) Isolated in Japan,China, and Pakistan

Sequence analysis of the gene encoding the major neutralization glycoprotein (VP7) was performed on sixteen human isolates of serotype 2 of rotavirus in Japan, China, and Pakistan and their genetic variations were examined. Comparative studies of their nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences between the sixteen isolates and the HU5 strain revealed an overall homology of more than 94%. A higher degree of homology in nucleotides was observed among the sixteen isolates than between HU5 and the isolates. A total of thirteen amino acid residues frequently converted to another amino acid. Out of the thirteen, five amino acid residues belonging to the major neutralizing epitope regions (C, E, and F in this communication) converted frequently. From the amino acid sequences three subtypes, subtype 1, subtype 2, and intermediate, were suggested to be classified as previously reported for serotype 1 (Xin et al, Virology, 1993, 197: 813-816).     

异源八倍体小冰麦体细胞无性系的建立及其染色体变异

从５个异源八倍体小冰麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍ －Ａｇｒｏｐｙｒｏｎ）的叶片、幼穗及成熟胚诱导愈伤组织,建立体细胞无性系,获得大量再生植株。附加一个冰草染色体组的异源八倍体小冰麦杂种无性系中３７．５％ 表现变异,其中非整倍体植株变异较多,很多变异的再生植株形态与小麦近似,同时出现一定数量染色体重排、交换、易位、断裂、融合等变异。结果表明,通过杂种无性系变异进行染色体基因转化及遗传修饰是一条可行的途径。实验还观察了小冰麦愈伤组织分化过程中绿点的形成过程,首次提出两种类型绿点,即芽绿点和根绿点,并描述了两者的差异