东南沿海部队皮肤浅部真菌病的调查研究

目的了解东南沿海部队官兵近年真菌菌种构成情况及调查浅部真菌病非高发季节的患病率。方法于11月对浙江地区和福建地区某部队官兵共324人进行浅部真菌病患病情况调查,通过临床检查确定皮肤病种类和感染人(次),对于临床诊断为浅部真菌病的官兵进行真菌镜检证实后明确诊断,并留菌种进行真菌培养。结果真菌感染性疾病患病率为55.2%(324人中179人发病),其中手足癣158人次(48.8%),体股癣35人次(10.8%),花斑癣24人次(7.4%),马拉色菌毛囊炎18人次(5.6%),甲癣5人次(1.5%)。真菌镜检阳性率为76.36%,首位致病菌为红色毛癣菌71株,占84.5%。结论部队尤其是亚热带地区部队,浅部真菌病的患病率较高,不同驻地官兵患皮肤浅部真菌病有差异,而服役年限及兵源与患皮肤浅部真菌病之间无显著差异。     

温度植被干旱指数在2000-2015年松嫩平原土壤湿度中的应用

选取了时间序列良好的MODIS影像,对松嫩平原2000-2015年逐月的温度植被干旱指数（TVDI）进行计算,并结合农业气象站点的相对土壤湿度数据进行对比验证,发现TVDI和相对土壤湿度数据具有良好的相关关系,表明TVDI可以作为表示土壤含水量的指标。重建1 km分辨率的松嫩平原作物生长季（4-10月）表层土壤湿度空间信息数据集,引入集合经验模态分解分析方法探究了松嫩平原土壤湿度的时空变化特征及变化趋势,并探讨了松嫩平原土壤湿度变化对农作物产量的影响。结果表明,近16年来松嫩平原土壤湿度的时间变化趋势是逐渐变湿,土壤湿度的空间变化趋势是由西南向东北逐渐变湿,极端土壤缺水事件频率呈现出增高的趋势。松嫩平原粮食产量和年均土壤湿度水平显著相关说明粮食产量受到年平均土壤湿度的影响显著,不同季相的土壤湿度对粮食产量的影响程度差异较大,夏季土壤湿度对粮食产量的影响尤为明显。     

Evolutionarily singular strategies and the adaptive growth and branching of the evolutionary tree

We present a general framework for modelling adaptive trait dynamics in which we integrate various concepts and techniques from modern ESS-theory. The concept of evolutionarily singular strategies is introduced as a generalization of the ESS-concept. We give a full classification of the singular strategies in terms of ESS-stability, convergence stability, the ability of the singular strategy to invade other populations if initially rare itself, and the possibility of protected dimorphisms occurring within the singular strategy's neighbourhood. Of particular interest is a type of singular strategy that is an evolutionary attractor from a great distance, but once in its neighbourhood a population becomes dimorphic and undergoes disruptive selection leading to evolutionary branching. Modelling the adaptive growth and branching of the evolutionary tree can thus be considered as a major application of the framework. A haploid version of Levene's soft selection model is developed as a specific example to demonstrate evolutionary dynamics and branching in monomorphic and polymorphic populations.     

Distinguishing features of immature stages of Panchaetothripinae (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) known in New Zealand

Diagnostic morphological characters of the juvenile Panchaetothripinae in New Zealand are illustrated. Keys developed enable colonies with only immature stages to be identified without needing to rear adults. Live larvae or larvae in ethanol are distinguished by the presence of expanded tips of body setae (Parthenothrips dracaenae), the absence of setae at the abdomen tip (Hercinothrips bicinctus), setae at abdomen tip not longer than abdominal tip width (Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis) and abdominal tip setae longer than abdominal tip width (Sigmothrips aotearoana, endemic species). The presence or absence of spine-like setae on abdominal segments 9 and 10, and the number and length of setae on the wing buds, enable identification of pupae. Abdominal spine-like setae were on the prepupa and pupa of H. bicinctus and S. aotearoana, species that pupate off the plant, and are probably defensive structures. This is the first record of spine-like setae on segment 10 of terebrantian pupae.     

Aflatoxin contamination of rice in the United Arab Emirates

Many people in the United Arab Emirates store rice in large quantities for long periods of time before use. Five hundred samples of rice were collected from households in Al-Ain city during the summers of 1992-1994. Aflatoxin B₁ was detected in 160 samples (64%) of long grain rice and 81 Samples (32%) of short grain rice at levels ranging from 1.2 to 16.5 μg/kg. The moisture content of samples varied between 5.7% and 15.3%. Species ofAspergillus andPenicillium (includingA. flavus andA. parasiticus) were isolated from discoloured, broken and insect damaged grain and it was confirmed that at least two of the isolates ofA. flavus were aflatoxigenic. These findings demonstrate that rice may contribute to dietary exposure to aflatoxins which are known to be carcinogenic and immunosuppressive.     

11个绵羊品种MSTN基因非翻译区的变异

利用PCR-RFLP技术对特克塞尔羊、夏洛莱羊、小尾寒羊、蒙古羊、乌珠穆沁羊、阿勒泰羊、呼伦贝尔羊、塔什库尔干羊、多浪羊、湖羊和岗巴羊11个品种的345个个体的肌肉生长抑制素(Myostatin, MSTN)基因非翻译区(UTR)的变异进行了多态性分析。结果表明大小为271 bp和1 003 bp的扩增片段经限制性内切酶MboⅡ和BsaⅠ酶切后表现多态, 经卡方检验所有品种在该基因座位均处于平衡状态(P>0.05), 3种基因型在11个绵羊品种中的分布差异极显著(P<0.01)。通过限制性内切酶HpyCH4Ⅳ 酶切实验, 证明我国9个地方绵羊品种不存在特克塞尔绵羊中发现的导致肌肉发达的SNP位点, 并在3′UTR区发现了个别碱基突变位点能够形成miRNA作用的靶基序, 测序表明3′UTR区的突变频率较高。     

Effects of gamma radiation on hard dental tissues of albino rats: investigation by light microscopy

The present work aims at studying the effect of gamma radiation on the hard dental tissues. Eighty adult male albino rats with weights of about 250 g were used. The rats were irradiated at 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 Gy whole-body gamma doses. The effects on hard dental tissue samples were investigated after 48 h in histological and ground sections using light microscopy. Areas of acid phosphatase activity were detected using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) stains. Observation of histological sections revealed disturbance in predentin thickness and odontoblastic layer as the irradiation dose increased. In cementum, widened cementocytes lacunae were occasionally detected even with low irradiated doses. On the other hand, relatively homogenous enamel was detected with darkened areas in enamel surface at doses over than 0.5 Gy. TRAP-positive cells were detected on the surface of the dentin of irradiated groups as well as cementum surface. Minimal detectable changes were observed in ground sections.     

Polymorphic microsatellite primers developed from DNA of the endangered Mekong giant catfish,Pangasianodon gigas (Chevey) and cross‐species amplification in three species of Pangasius

The critically endangered Pangasianodon gigas is endemic to the Mekong River. Despite its importance, little is known about its genetic diversity and conservation efforts are hampered. Ten polymorphic dinucleotide microsatellite primer pairs were developed from DNA of P. gigas. The analysis of 20 individuals from hatchery stocks using these primers resulted in two to six alleles/locus; H_O = 0.05–0.95; H_E = 0.05–0.81. All but one locus (Pg‐3) conformed to Hardy–Weinberg expectation. Eight, six and seven primer pairs were amplified with the DNA from Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Pangasius larnaudii and Pangasius sanitwongsei, respectively. These markers will be useful for genetic monitoring of wild and hatchery stocks of these pangasiids.