纤维型植物南荻的生物学及其应用研究进展

南荻(Triarrhena lutarioriparia L.Liu)是我国特有高产纤维素型多年生草本植物,其独特的生态适应性、广泛的用途及其生产开发潜力已引起相关行业的高度关注。概述了南荻的资源分布、生物学特性、繁育栽培及应用的研究现状,并对其纤维素资源的应用进行了展望。     

Apoptotic cells induce immunosuppression through dendritic cells: critical roles of IFN-gamma and nitric oxide

Apoptotic cells induce immunosuppression through unknown mechanisms. To identify the underlying molecular mediators, we examined how apoptotic cells induce immunoregulation by dendritic cells (DC). We found that administration of DC exposed to apoptotic cells (DC(ap)) strongly inhibited the expansion of lymphocytes in draining lymph nodes in vivo and the subsequent Ag-specific activation of these lymphocytes ex vivo. Unexpectedly, DC(ap) supported T cell activation to a similar extent as normal DC in vitro, leading to proliferation and IL-2 production, except that DC(ap) did not support T cell production of IFN-gamma. Surprisingly, when DC(ap) were cocultured with normal DC, they completely lost their ability to support T cell activation, an effect reversed by anti-IFN-gamma or inhibitors of inducible NO synthase (iNOS). As expected, exposure to apoptotic cells rendered DC(ap) capable of producing much more NO in response to exogenous IFN-gamma than normal DC. Furthermore, DC(ap) from iNOS(-/-) or IFN-gammaR1(-/-) mice were not inhibitory in vitro or in vivo. Therefore, the IFN-gamma-induced production of NO by apoptotic cell-sensitized DC plays a key role in apoptotic cell-mediated immunosuppression.     

中国海岸沙生植被研究进展(综述)

从海岸沙生植被的分布、生境、组成、演替、适应性和功能性等方面,综述了我国海岸沙生植被的研究现状,以引起人们对海岸植被尤其是海岸沙生植被的关注.     

M-PCR： a powerful method for rapid molecular identification of Trichogramma wasps （Hymenoptera： Trichogrammatidae）

Two species-specific primers were designed depending on ITS2 sequence variation of 37 Trichogramma wasps, and these primers were applied to establish an assay,multiplex PCR (M-PCR), for molecular diagnosis of two important Trichogramma wasps,T. confusum and T. dendrolimi, in China. Multiplex-PCR results showed that only target species produced two PCR products, one product of ITS2 region species-specific amplification and one product of its ITS 1 region universal amplification, but other species produced only one ITS1 universal PCR product. Using this method, the target Trichogramma species can be distinguished from other Trichogramma species. Molecular identification based on M-PCR has particular value over morphological technology and other approaches, such as normal molecular and biochemical methods. Furthermore, because M-PCR assay can avoid false negative results, which frequently happen in PCR reaction, this method will be much more accurate and useful for Trichogramma identification, and can be developed as an easy and rapid diagnostic kit applied in the identification and quality monitoring of Trichogramma mass products both in the factory and in the field. Such an easy and rapid diagnostic kit will be valuable in the application of Trichogramma species as a biological control.     

濒危植物毛柄小勾儿茶种子休眠与萌发生理的初步研究

毛柄小勾儿茶（Berchemiella wilsonii （Schneid．）Nakai var．pubipetiolata H．Qian）为中国特有种,国家三级保护植物。TTC染色法测得毛柄小勾儿茶种子的生活力较低,仅为32％,空粒和无生活力的种子分别为28％和40％,说明毛柄小勾儿茶发育完全的种子较少。种子吸水速度试验证明毛柄小勾儿茶种皮透水性较差,不利于种子萌发时对水分的吸收,发芽抑制物的生物鉴定结果表明,毛柄小勾儿茶种子的不同部位都存在发芽抑制物,且种胚中的含量最高,不利于种子的萌发,使毛柄小勾儿茶种子处于休眠状态之中。几种不同浓度GA。溶液浸种24h的预处理可以不同程度地提高毛柄小勾儿茶种子的发芽率和发芽指数,其中300mg／L GA3的效果最显著,并且300mg／L GA3的预处理可以在萌发初期（萌发前3天）显著地提高毛柄小勾儿茶种子中过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和脱氢酶的活性。毛柄小勾儿茶种子生活力低,且处于休眠状态,再加上与种子发芽力有关的几种酶的活性较低,致使毛柄小勾儿茶种子的发芽率较低,同时这些也是从种子萌发生理方面导致毛柄小勾儿茶濒危的重要原因。     

矮牵牛花红色素的研究

研究了矮牵牛花红色素的提取方法,并对色素的性质和稳定性进行了测试。结果表明：0．1mol／L HCI对矮牵牛花红色素的浸出效果最佳;矮牵牛化色素在酸性条件下较为稳定,在碱性溶液中不稳定,并生成不可逆的黄色;同时还讨论了温度、光照、溶剂及Vc对色素稳定性的影响。     

NAG11和NAG12基因转染对鼻咽癌细胞生长的影响

为了考察鼻咽癌表达下调／缺失基因NAG11和NAG12对鼻咽癌细胞系HNE1生长的影响,构建了NAG11和NAG12基因真核表达载体pcDNA3.1（＋）／NAG11和pcDNA3.1（＋）／NAG12,采用脂质体转染技术将真核重组质粒和空载体质粒分别导入HNE1细胞,观察转染后HNE1细胞生物学特性的变化,结果显示,NAG11重表达对HNE1细胞生长和细胞周期没有明显的影响,而NAG12重表达对HNE1细胞有生长抑制作用,与空载体转染组相比,倍增时间由24.1h延长至31.1h,停滞于G0－G1期细胞数由51.42%增加至68.14%。以上实验进一步说明鼻咽癌是多基因改变的疾病,NAG12的重表达有助于处国咽癌恶性表型的逆转。     

西北干旱荒漠区植物属的区系分析

为了分析西北干旱荒漠区种子植物属的组成及其区系特点 ,探讨其起源与演化 ,作者根据多年的调查结果并查阅大量相关资料 ,研究表明 :西北干旱荒漠区分布有种子植物 4 84属 ,其区系特征为单种属、寡种属多 ,优势现象明显 ;植物区系具有强烈的旱生性和古老性 ;区系地理成分复杂多样 ,包含 1 4个分布区类型和 1 4个变型 ,地中海区 -西亚 -中亚分布、北温带分布、旧世界分布、中亚分布类型占据前四位 ,分别占总属的 2 2 .33%、1 7.98%、1 0 .6 9%、7.36 % ;特有成分比较低 ,中国特有成分仅 6属 ,只占总属数的 1 .5 7% ;起源古老 ,多为本土发生     

西北干旱荒漠区种子植物科的区系分析

西北干旱荒漠区分布有种子植物82科、484属、1704种,优势现象明显,优势科11个,它们是菊科、豆科、禾本科、藜科,十字花科、蓼科,莎草科、毛莨科、蔷薇科、唇形科和百合科;表征科8个,它们是香蒲科,麻黄科,柽柳科、蒺藜科,胡颓子科、藜科、眼子菜科和蓼科。地理成分多样,其中以世界广布成分为主,共37科,占总科数的45.12%,其次为温带成分（包括热带至温带,亚热带至温带,温带,温带至寒带）,共有31科,占总科数的37.80%,热带成分,热带致亚热带成分较少,共14科,占总科数的17.07%。这些反映出植物的分布与本地区气候相适应的特点。     

定点整合抗虫基因到油菜叶绿体基因组并获得转基因植株

以基因枪法进行了油菜叶绿体基因组的定点转化,载体pNRAB携带抗壮观霉素的筛选标记基因aadA和抗虫基因cry1Aα10,基因的两侧被添加了可用于同源重组的叶绿体DNA序列,基因枪轰击过的油菜子叶柄经植株再生和壮观霉素筛选,获得了36株抗性植株,PCR检测和Southern杂交显示,其中4株的叶绿体基因组已被转化,外源基因已被定点整合进叶绿体基因组的rps7和ndhB基因之间。用转基因植株的叶片饲喂二龄小菜蛾,1周后幼虫死亡率达33%-47%,存活幼虫的生长明显减慢,转基因油菜的叶片受害较轻。