林下与全光下地枫皮叶片形态和光合特性的比较

测量了林下与全光下地枫皮的叶片形态和光合-光响应曲线,探讨光强对地枫皮的形态和生理特性的影响。结果表明：林下与全光下地枫皮叶片净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和水分利用效率（WUE）对光强的响应趋势均基本一致,但全光下的Pn、Gs和Tr值较高,林下WUE值较高。全光下地枫皮的最大净光合速率、光饱和点和光补偿点均极显著高于林下,但弱光下的量子效率无显著差异;林下地枫皮的叶长、叶宽、干物质重、叶面积和比叶面积等叶片形态参数均极显著大于全光。推断地枫皮为耐阴性较弱的阳生植物,其光合能力和光饱和点较低,是对干旱环境的适应性反应;全光下地枫皮叶片狭小降低了吸光面积,有利于避免过高光强对叶光合器官的损伤。     

棉铃虫幼虫对人类呈味物质的取食反应

利用叶碟法在室内测定了棉铃虫对人类酸、甜、苦、咸4种基本呈味物质和麻、辣味2种植物提取物的取食反应。正交试验结果表明,棉铃虫幼虫对用甜味、苦味和辣味物质(蔗糖、奎宁和辣椒提取物)处理过的烟叶取食选择率较高,对这3种呈味物质表现出有较好的适应性;而幼虫对咸味、酸味和麻味物质(氯化钠、柠檬酸和花椒提取物)处理过的烟叶取食量较少,这3种呈味物质表现出较强的拒食活性。在选择性条件下,幼虫的取食量与花椒提取物剂量显著相关;而在非选择性条件下,幼虫的取食量与氯化钠剂量显著相关。     

森林可燃物计划烧除的相关分析

森林火灾带来了严重后果,但许多人对黑色防火感到一些困惑,计划烧除是"防火"、"用火"还是"放火".随着数据分析技术的进步,运用数据库、多元统计分析等方法可以分析森林火灾调查和统计的数据,探索森林防火的最佳措施.针对黑色防火的深入理解,对试验数据进行了相关分析.该相关分析是利用了云南松林里进行计划烧除后得到的各种数据,然后通过SPSS软件来分析数据.试验结果可以表明:计划烧除时火强度、火蔓延速度与火焰高度属于正相关;火强度与森林可燃物的生物量也属于正相关,通过小强度的计划烧除能有效的减少森林可燃物的生物量,从而提高森林的自防能力.     

NaCl胁迫对甜菊不同品种幼苗生长的影响

采用基质培养法,用含3.0、3.5、4.0、4.5和5.0 g·L-1NaCl的Knop营养液进行胁迫处理,对5个甜菊(Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)品种幼苗的生长指标及其耐盐性进行了分析和评价.结果表明:在NaCl胁迫条件下,5个品种幼苗地上部分和地下部分的干质量、株高、根长、叶片数、叶片长度、叶片宽度以及主茎节数和分枝数等生长指标均低于对照,且随NaCl质量浓度的提高总体上呈逐渐降低的趋势,但不同品种各指标的降幅存在明显差异.NaCl胁迫对'中山3号'和'守田2号'幼苗地上部分和地下部分的干质量影响较小,对'中山2号'和'守田3号'幼苗地上部分和地下部分的干质量有较大影响.在NaCl胁迫条件下,5个甜菊品种幼苗的根冠比均大于对照;'中山2号'和'守田3号'幼苗的根冠比随NaCl质量浓度的提高呈先增大后减小的趋势,并在4.0 g·L-1 NaCl胁迫条件下达到最大;其他3个品种的根冠比均随NaCl质量浓度的提高呈现缓慢增加的趋势.NaCl胁迫对根长的抑制作用小于株高,对叶片长度的影响小于叶片宽度.相关性分析结果表明,甜菊幼苗的叶片数和分枝数与地上部分干质量的相关性显著,是导致地上部分干质量下降的重要原因.根据实验结果,供试甜菊品种按耐盐性从强至弱依次排序为 '中山3号'、'守田2号'、'中山4号'、'守田3号' 和'中山2号',其中'中山3号'和 '守田2号'耐盐性较强且各项生长指标均相对良好,可作为优良的甜菊耐盐种质资源进行深入研究.     

植物细胞的非选择性阳离子通道

就植物细胞质膜和内膜系统的非选择性阳离子通道类型、对不同离子的选择性和其生理功能的研究进展进行了评述。     

黄连木种子小蜂的生物学特性和发生规律

通过田间及室内饲养观察,黄连木种子小蜂EurytomaplotnikoviNikolskaya在河南省太行山区为1年发生1代,以老熟幼虫在被害果内过冬。翌年4月中旬开始化蛹,5月下旬至6月上旬为成虫羽化产卵的盛期。幼虫5月中旬开始孵化,在果内取食至8月中、下旬老熟越冬。成虫在果壳内停留4～5d,出壳后成虫寿命:雄虫3～7d,雌虫4～17d,产卵前期3.7d。平均产卵量35.4粒,卵期3～4d。幼虫共5龄,预蛹期4～5d,蛹期8～10d,蛹期发育过程中形态变化的阶段性分为4级。成虫交尾产卵的最适温度为23～25℃,化蛹、羽化较适宜的湿度为65%～70%。     

Genetic analysis of the anti-mutagenic effect of genistein in Escherichia coli

Genistein, the main isoflavone in soy, has received considerable attention for its potential anti-carcinogenic properties. In a previous report, we investigated the possible role of genistein in anti-mutagenesis, using an Escherichia coli reversion assay system. Genistein reduced ENU-induced mutagenesis in a dose-dependent manner and the reduction of mutation frequency was differential among several categories of mutation. Most notable was a loss of transversion mutations, which require SOS functions. In this report, we further investigated the anti-mutagenic effect of genistein using a genetic approach. E. coli strains having alterations in genes involved in SOS-mutagenesis were examined, as were strains having defects in proteins that might serve as potential targets for genistein. The results showed that ENU-induced mutations produced in recA730 and lexA(Def) strains, both expressing a constitutive SOS response, were reduced by genistein to a lesser extent than in the wild-type strain. The effect of genistein was not entirely abolished, however. ENU mutagenesis in a umuC derivative, which reflects predominantly transition mutations, was unaffected by genistein. ENU-induced mutations in strains having defects in topA, gyrA, typA or uspA were not different than the wild-type, suggesting that these gene products were not involved in genistein's anti-mutagenic effect. In addition, we determined the distribution of genistein in various cellular fractions using HPLC. These studies revealed that genistein could be recovered from E. coli cells grown on agar media containing genistein; the intracellular concentration was similar to that in the agar plates. Further, most of the genistein recovered was associated with proteins in the cytosolic fraction and little partitioned in the membrane fraction. In vitro studies showed that genistein could be precipitated from a protein (BSA) containing solution. Finally, we examined the effect of genistein on formation of the RecA filament on ssDNA in vitro and observed an inhibition at high concentrations of genistein. In total, these results suggested that genistein may reduce SOS-dependent mutagenesis by reducing the interaction of RecA protein with ssDNA. As a consequence, genistein could cause a reduction in (1) the overall SOS response (confirmed using β-galactosidase assays) and (2) trans-lesion DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase V.     

Infusion of ACTH stimulates expression of adrenal ACTH receptor and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein mRNA in fetal sheep

The late-gestation plasma cortisol surge in the sheep fetus is critical for stimulating organ development and parturition. Increased adrenal responsiveness is one of the key reasons for the surge; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Our recent studies suggest that ACTH-mediated increased expression of ACTH receptor (ACTH-R) and steroid acute regulatory protein (StAR) may play a role in enhancing responsiveness. Hence, we examined effects of ACTH infusion in fetal sheep on mRNA expression of these two mediators of adrenal responsiveness and assessed the functional consequences of this treatment in vitro. Fetuses of approximately 118 and 138 days of gestational age (dGA) were infused with ACTH-(1-24) for 24 h. Controls received saline infusion. Arterial blood was sampled throughout the infusion. Adrenals were isolated and analyzed for ACTH-R and StAR mRNA, or cells were cultured for 48 h. Cells were stimulated with ACTH, and medium was collected for cortisol measurement. Fetal plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations increased over the infusion period in both groups. ACTH-R mRNA levels were significantly higher in ACTH-infused fetuses in both the 118 and 138 dGA groups. StAR mRNA increased significantly in both the 118 and 138 dGA groups. Adrenal cells from ACTH-infused fetuses were significantly more responsive to ACTH stimulation in terms of cortisol secretion than those from saline-infused controls. These findings demonstrate that increases in circulating ACTH levels promote increased expression of ACTH-R and StAR mRNA and are coupled to heightened adrenal responsiveness.     

人脑星形细胞瘤中p27 kip1 蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原PCNA 表达的变化

目的:研究p27kip1蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)在星形细胞瘤中的表达与肿瘤病理分级的关系,探讨p27kip1蛋白在星形细胞瘤演变过程中的意义。方法:SP免疫组化法对64例星形细胞瘤的p27kip1蛋白和PCNA表达进行观察。结果:随着病理级别的升高,p27kip1阳性细胞百分率降低,而PCNA则相反,两者的表达成显著负相关。结论:p27kip1表达的缺失可能与星形细胞瘤的发生发展密切相关,PCNA能较客观地反映肿瘤的恶性程度。     

A genetic variant in long non-coding RNA HULC contributes to risk of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma in a Chinese population

Background

Recently, several studies have demonstrated that two long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), HULC and MALAT1, may participate in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development and progression. However, genetic variations in the two lncRNAs and their associations with HCC susceptibility have not been reported. In this study, we hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in HULC and MALAT1 may contribute to HCC risk.

Methods

We conducted a case-control study and genotyped two SNPs, rs7763881 in HULC and rs619586 in MALAT1, in 1300 HBV positive HCC patients, 1344 HBV persistent carriers and 1344 subjects with HBV natural clearance to test the associations between the two SNPs and susceptibility to HCC and HBV chronic infection.

Results

The variant genotypes of rs7763881 were significantly associated with decreased HCC risk in a dominant genetic model [AC/CC vs. AA: adjusted odds ration (OR)  =  0.81, 95% confidence intervals (CIs)  =  0.68–0.97, P  =  0.022]. Furthermore, the variant genotypes of rs619586 was associated with decreased HCC risk with a borderline significance (AG/GG vs. AA: adjusted OR  =  0.81, 95% CIs  =  0.65–1.01, P  =  0.057). However, no significant association was found between the two SNPs and HBV clearance.

Conclusions

The variant genotypes of rs7763881 in HULC may contribute to decreased susceptibility to HCC in HBV persistent carriers.