Monoclonal antibody technology for mycotoxins

Specific monoclonal antibodies (MABs) against aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, diacetoxyscirpenol and T-2 toxin have been prepared in various laboratories by the application of hybridoma technology to mycotoxins. These antibodies can be selected for sensitivity, reduced cross-reactivity, reliability and ease of production. When a suitable antibody is chosen it can then be used in a rapid immunological method such as an enzyme-linked or radio-immunoassay or immunoaffinity chromatography system. These assays have a lower limit of mycotoxin detection in the ng/ml range and have been applied to the determination of mycotoxins in samples such as maize, peanuts, peanut butter, milk and porcine kidneys. Using these immunoassay techniques, sample preparation has generally been simplified to a matter of solvent extraction of mycotoxins from the sample followed by dilution; under these conditions, levels of 1-5ug of mycotoxins/kg of sample can be found. The application and advantages of MABs to mycotoxins and the use of these antibodies in various assay techniques is discussed.     

假单胞菌S—42对偶氮染料的脱色和降解代谢

Pseudomonas S-42 was capable of decolorizing azo dyes such as Diamira Brilliant Orange RR(DBO-RR), Direct Brown M (DBM), Eriochrome Brown R(EBR) and so on. The cell suspension, cell-free extract and purified enzyme of Pseud. S-42 could decolorize azo dyes under similar conditions: the optimum pH and temperature laid 7.0 and 37 degrees C respectively. The efficiencies of decolorizing of DBO-RR, DBM, EBR by intact cells stood more than 90%. When the cell concentration was 15 mg(wet)/ml and the reaction time was 5 hours, the decolorizing activity for above three azo dyes by intact cells were 1.75, 2.4, 0.95 micrograms dye/mg cell, respectively. Cell-free extract and purified enzyme could well express the decolorizing activity only under the anaerobic condition and added NADH. Purified enzyme belongs to azoreductase, its molecular weight is about 34,000-2000 daltons, and its Vmax and Km for DBO-RR are 13 mumol.mg protein-1.min-1 and 54 mumol/L. The results of the detection of the biodegrading products of DBO-RR by spectrophotometric and NaNO2 reactional methods showed that the biodegradation of azo dyes was initiated by the reduction cleavage of azo bonds. It was hypothesized that biodegrading metabolism pathway of DBO-RR by Pseudomonas S-42.     

血管紧张素Ⅱ中枢加压作用的机制

血管紧张素II(AII)具有中枢加压作用。中枢产生的AII在脑内的作用部位广泛,而外周产生的AII主要通过脑内某些特殊区域起作用。AII的中枢加压作用主要通过以下三条途径实现:(1)中枢性兴奋交感神经;(2)抑制迷走中枢;(3)促进加压素释放。     

向日葵离体孤雌生殖的超微结构研究

本文是研究未受精胚珠培养诱导的孤雌生殖过程超微结构变化的首次报道。向日葵(Heliaanthus annuus L.)的卵细胞在离体条件下被激活,发生细胞核移位、极性丧失、细胞器增多并转变成活动状态、液泡化程度增大、合点端形成细胞壁等一系列变化,预示即将启动孤雌生殖。孤雌生殖的原胚具有若干显著特征,如极性颠倒、有自体吞噬活动、壁的自由生长、游离核分裂等。对这些现象作了初步的讨论。     

甘蔗幼叶切段培养中的体细胞胚胎发生

本文从形态学和组织学方面研究了甘蔗幼叶胚性愈伤组织发生及体细胞胚胎的形成过程。甘蔗幼叶片切段培养于含2.4—D1.5mg/1的MS培养基上,4—6天后切段开始形成愈伤组织,约10天后愈伤组织表面出现白色颗粒状结构。将含有白色颗粒状结构的愈伤组织转移至不含激素的培养基中,7—10天后可见有小植株长出。组织学和形态学观察表明,甘蔗离体再生植株是通过体细胞胚胎发生途径。     

质粒pXZ101 45DNA转化棒杆菌原生质体的研究

用SDS处理谷氨酸棒杆菌1014(Corynebacterium glutamicum 1014),获得消除质粒的衍生株1014—6。通过质粒pXZl0145(Cmr)转化1014—6菌株的原生质体,研究了转化最适条件。0．6u／ml青霉素处理对数期菌体可明显提高转化效率。转化促进剂PEG以分子量6000,浓度30％为最佳。转化在37℃水浴进行3min效果最好。转化效率最高可达2×104转化子/μg DNA。质粒pXZ10145电已成功地转入钝齿棒杆菌B9(C．Crenatu B9)。并在新 宿主中基本保持稳定。     

长耳鸮的繁殖习性

长耳鸮(Asio otus)是重要的森林益鸟,是鼠类的天敌。1988年和1989年两年间在吉林省左家自然保护区的山地阔叶林中对其繁殖习性作了研究,简报如下。 一、数量变化及活动规律 长耳鸮为留鸟。我们在 30公顷和 10公顷的样地中,采用 50×50米的方格法(Holmes and Sturges,1975;Holmes et al.,1979a)对数量的年度变化作了调查。繁殖季节(3—7月),1988年为1.5只/公顷,1989年为2.0只/公顷;非繁殖季节(8—2月)由于样地内繁殖的长耳鸮雏鸟出飞,井活动分散而范围较广,因此数量较低,1988年为0.5只/公顷,1989年为0.75只/公     

云南中华姬鼠的生态观察

1957—1985年对中华姬鼠的生态作了观察。在云南分布县占32.31％,以滇西山地地区分布数量比例最高,占21.47％。分布海拔最高4100米,以2000—3000米地区捕获率较高。混交林地区为最适的栖息环境。据1204只统计,性比52.66％。仅于4—9月有怀孕鼠,年均怀孕率14.85％,胎仔数2—6仔。全年捕鼠率出现8月高峰和3、10月小峰,1月最低。食性以绿色植物为主。洞栖。以夜间活动为主。体外寄生蚤类16种,恙螨12种及革螨6种。     

假单胞菌S-59对多种染料的脱色和降解

从受染料长期污染的污泥样品中分离到28株对多种染料具有脱色能力的细菌,其中一株假单胞菌S-59号菌对79种染料均有脱色作用。该菌对酸性红B 2GL (简称酸性红B)和活性桔K₂GV的脱色活力高达4.48—4.43mg(染料)·g^-1(细胞湿重)·h^-1。对阳离子红2GL和酸性红B在浓度为1×10^-1mol/L时其半脱色时间只有0.5小时。染料浓度在100 mg/L以上时会抑制菌的脱色率,而对菌生长的抑制作用则取决于不同