In vitro Anti-viral Activity of the Total Alkaloids from Tripterygium hypoglaucum against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a commonly occurring human pathogen worldwide. There is an urgent need to discover and develop new alternative agents for the management of HSV-1 infection. Tripterygium hypoglaucum (level) Hutch (Celastraceae) is a traditional Chinese medicine plant with many pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammation, anti-tumor and antifertility. The usual medicinal part is the roots which contain about a 1% yield of alkaloids. A crude total alkaloids extract was prepared ...     

1株产紫杉醇内生真菌LNUF014的鉴定及产物检测

从红豆杉的韧皮部组织中分离得到的360株内生真菌中,通过对发酵粗提的检测,共筛选到11株产紫杉醇的真菌。其中1株内生真菌LNUF014的发酵液采用有机试剂抽提紫杉醇,经薄层层析和高效液相色谱分析,初步表明该菌株的紫杉醇类物质含量为53.68μg/L。根据形态学研究和真核生物18S rDNA基因序列分析,将其鉴定为镰刀菌属(Fusarium)。产紫杉醇内生真菌的研究将对紫杉醇类抗肿瘤药物的研制具有重要意义。     

Ezetimibe blocks the internalization of NPC1L1 and cholesterol in mouse small intestine

The multiple transmembrane protein Niemann-Pick C1 like1 (NPC1L1) is essential for intestinal cholesterol absorption. Ezetimibe binds to NPC1L1 and is a clinically used cholesterol absorption inhibitor. Recent studies in cultured cells have shown that NPC1L1 mediates cholesterol uptake through vesicular endocytosis that can be blocked by ezetimibe. However, how NPC1L1 and ezetimibe work in the small intestine is unknown. In this study, we found that NPC1L1 distributed in enterocytes of villi and transit-amplifying cells of crypts. Acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2), another important protein for cholesterol absorption by providing cholesteryl esters to chylomicrons, was mainly presented in the apical cytoplasm of enterocytes. NPC1L1 and ACAT2 were highly expressed in jejunum and ileum. ACAT1 presented in the Paneth cells of crypts and mesenchymal cells of villi. In the absence of cholesterol, NPC1L1 was localized on the brush border of enterocytes. Dietary cholesterol induced the internalization of NPC1L1 to the subapical layer beneath the brush border and became partially colocalized with the endosome marker Rab11. Ezetimibe blocked the internalization of NPC1L1 and cholesterol and caused their retention in the plasma membrane. This study demonstrates that NPC1L1 mediates cholesterol entering enterocytes through vesicular endocytosis and that ezetimibe blocks this step in vivo.     

Association of N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide with Cognitive Function and Depression in Elderly People with Type 2 Diabetes

Background

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with risk of congestive heart failure (CHF), cognitive dysfunction and depression. CHF itself is linked both to poor cognition and depression. The ventricular N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a marker of CHF, suggesting potential as a marker for cognitive impairment and/or depression. This was tested in the Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study (ET2DS).

Methodology and Principal Findings

Cross-sectional analysis of 1066 men and women aged 60–75 with type 2 diabetes. Results from seven neuropsychological tests were combined in a standardised general cognitive ability factor, ‘g’. A vocabulary-based test estimated pre-morbid cognitive ability. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) assessed possible depression. After adjustment for age and sex, raised plasma NT-proBNP was weakly associated with lower ‘g’ and higher depression scores (ß −0.09, 95% CI −0.13 to −0.03, p = 0.004 and ß 0.08, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.12, p<0.001, respectively). Comparing extreme quintiles of NT-proBNP, subjects in the highest quintile were more likely to have reduced cognitive ability (within the lowest tertile of ‘g’) and ‘possible’ depression (HADS depression ≥8) (OR 1.80; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.70; p = 0.005 and OR 2.18; 95% CI: 1.28, 3.71; p = 0.004, respectively). Associations persisted when pre-morbid ability was adjusted for, but as expected were no longer statistically significant following the adjustment for diabetes-related and vascular co-variates (β −0.02, 95% CI −0.07 to 0.03, p>0.05 for ‘g’; β 0.03, 95% CI −0.02 to 0.07, p>0.05 for depression scores).

Conclusion

Raised plasma NT-proBNP was weakly but statistically significantly associated with poorer cognitive function and depression. The prospective phases of the ET2DS will help determine whether or not NT-proBNP can be considered a risk marker for subsequent cognitive impairment and incident depression and whether it provides additional information over and above traditional risk factors for these conditions.     

VX2肿瘤侵犯兔下腔静脉的生物学行为观察

目的建立VX2肿瘤侵犯新西兰兔下腔静脉(IVC)的动物模型,并观察相应的生物学行为。方法经腹直视下,将VX2肿瘤组织块分别种植在28只兔肾以下IVC附近的软组织内,然后随机分为A、B两组。A组术后每周在超声下观察肿瘤的大小、IVC和腹主动脉(AA)管径大小;DSA观察侧支循环建立。B组每周随机解剖4只,取IVC和AA做病理和免疫组化(PCNA)检查,并观察转移情况。结果 1.超声显示:所有肿瘤均种植成功,肿瘤面积大小与生长时间呈明显正相关(r=0.879),IVC管径与肿瘤面积大小显著负相关(r=-0.8295);4周时25%的IVC管腔闭塞,5周时达到91.7%。2.病理和免疫组化显示:3周时IVC管壁中见大量肿瘤细胞;5周时AA管壁中未见肿瘤细胞。3.DSA显示:IVC慢性受侵犯过程中侧枝循环建立良好。4.解剖观察:模型动物在第4周开始出现肝、肺和腹腔转移。结论 VX2肿瘤成瘤率高,其生长变化、对IVC的侵犯和远处器官转移均随生长时间而变化明显。     

H5N1亚型禽流感病毒NS1基因截短体的克隆与原核表达

禽流感病毒H5N1 NS1蛋白是一种非结构蛋白,在病毒感染过程中发挥着重要的作用.构建基因截短的重组蛋白,可为进一步研究NS1不同结构域与宿主蛋白间的相互作用奠定基础.在成功克隆禽流感病毒H5N1全长NS1基因并测序的基础上,将部分截短基因序列克隆到表达栽体pET28a(+)上,构建基因截短的重组表达质粒pET28a-NS1-RBD和pET28a-NS1-ED,转化大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3),阳性重组质粒经IPTG诱导表达后进行SDS-PAGE检测,获得预期蛋白的表达,然后利用Ni-NTA树脂蛋白纯化系统对重组蛋白进行纯化,并通过Western Blotting进一步确认NS1及截短体蛋白的表达.结果表明,实验成功构建禽流感病毒H5N1亚型的NS1蛋白截短体,并在大肠埃希菌中高效表达,这为进一步研究NS1蛋白不同结构域与宿主蛋白的相互作用提供了实验材料,为深入研究NS1蛋白的生物学功能奠定了坚实基础.     

刺参“腐皮综合症”致病菌LNUB415的分离及防治的初步研究

从大连海域患“腐皮综合症”的养殖刺参肠道中分离纯化到1株优势细菌LNUB415,经人工回接感染试验确定其对刺参具有较强的致病性.经形态学、生理生化和16S rDNA序列分析,该菌被初步鉴定为蜡样芽胞杆菌(Bacillus cereus).从多种具有免疫增强作用的中草药中筛选到抑菌效果最好的黄连,可使刺参死亡率降低30％.     

眼科手术等候期患者家属对健康教育需求的调查

目的:了解眼科手术等候期患者家属对健康教育的需求。方法:采用自行设计的调查问卷对100名在患者手术过程中等候的家属进行调查。调查内容包括手术等候中希望获得的相关信息及其需求程度,需要的健康教育方式及每种健康教育的需求程度。结果:1).眼科手术等候中,家属强烈需要的信息有手术效果(76%)、术后饮食指导(60.4%)、手术费用(57.3%)、患者目前病情(54.2%)、术后头位指导(51%)。2).最需要的健康教育方式是与医生护士交谈(66%)。结论:对手术等候期的患者家属应根据需求实施科学有效的健康教育,用恰当的方式及时提供家属想要了解的信息,使他们具有良好的应对能力和心理承受能力,在照顾患者的过程中为患者提供有效的支持系统。     

Governmental policies on HIV infection in China

EVOLUTION OF THE GOVERNMENT POLI- CIES Looking back 20 and more years, one could have hardly imagined that such great changes would have happened to the governmental policies on HIV/AIDS in China. In the earlier phase of the epidemic, laws and regulations were drafted based on the practices and experiences of preven- tion and control of other infectious diseases, such as isolation, quarantine and compulsory testing and examina- tions etc. When the HIV/AIDS epidemic was firstl…     

Improved Cardiac Contractility of Human Recombinant Growth Hormone on the Congestive Heart Failure of Pig

1Introduction Congestiveheartfailureisamultipleaetiology,high prevalence,cardiovasculardisorderwithpoorprognosis. Medicaltreatmentofdilatedcardiomyopathyisaimedat alleviatingthesymptomsofheartfailure.Diuretics,ACE inhibitorsandbeta blockershavefavourableeffectson symptoms,exercisecapacityandmortality[1-3].Growth hormone(GH)andinsulin likegrowthfactor(IGF) 1 areinvolvedinseveralphysiologicalprocessessuchas thecontrolofmusclemassandfunction,bodycomposi tionandtheregulationofnutrientmetaboli…