“无人区”里考古记

藏北高原,藏语把这个地区叫“羌塘”,意思是北方的高地。它东西长2400公里,南北宽约700公里,平均海拔为4500米。高原缺氧、干旱(年平均雨量不超过200毫米),年平均温度在摄氏零度左右,最高不超过10℃,最低在-40℃以下,昼夜温差大,气候变化无常。湖水盐化,植被稀疏,人难以生活,故有“藏北无人区”之称。广袤的羌塘,是科学上的处女地,为揭开其奥秘,唤醒沉睡的宝藏,青藏高原综合科学考察队组织了藏北分队,决心进山探宝,对这个地区进行多学科的考察。1976年6月9日藏北分队从班戈县色哇区出发,不畏艰险,开始了“无人区”里的综合考察工作。     

植酸酶phyA基因在解脂耶氏酵母po1h中的表达

本实验通过PCR方法从毕赤酵母GS115-phyA中扩增出不含有信号肽及内含子的黑曲霉NRRL3135植酸酶phyA基因,并将其克隆到表达载体pINA1297中,得到表达载体pINA1297-phyA,利用醋酸锂转化法将线性化载体转化到解脂耶氏酵母po1h中,通过YNBcasa和PPB平板筛选出阳性表达菌株,阳性菌株在YM培养基中28℃培养6d后酶活达到最大为636.23U/mL。表达上清经SDS-PAGE分析得到表达植酸酶分子量约为130kDa,但通过去糖基化处理后其分子量变为51kDa,与理论值相符。经过酶学性质分析表明重组植酸酶最适pH为5.5,最适温度为55℃,该酶在pH2.0~8.0处理1h后仍有较高酶活,并且90℃处理10min后还有86.08%的残留酶活,其抵抗胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶能力也较强。     

椰心叶甲危害对椰树心叶挥发物的影响

[目的] 探讨椰心叶甲取食危害对椰树心叶挥发物的影响,探讨两者之间入侵前后的相互机制,通过化学生态学的方法对椰心叶甲-寄主-天敌（或其他害虫）三级关系加以理解。[方法] 采用自动热脱附仪-气相色谱仪-质谱仪（TD-GC-MS）技术测定椰树健康心叶和受害心叶中挥发性物质。[结果] 椰心叶甲取食诱导椰子心叶挥发物发生明显变化,挥发物烃类化合物及其衍生物变种类有不同程度增加,其中环烃和无环烃变化最明显,椰心叶甲取食明显提高寄主植物心叶挥发物中的1,2,4-Metheno-1H-indene,octahydro-1,7a-dimethyl-5-（1-methylethyl）-,[1S-（1a,2a,3aβ,4a,5a,7aβ,8S^*）]-、Copaene、Caryophyllene、Muurolene含量,降低寄主植物心叶挥发物中的Heptadecane,2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-含量。[结论] 椰心叶甲危害寄主后,寄主产生挥发物变化可能导致对椰心叶甲天敌的吸引力减弱,也可能吸引其他害虫,如椰子织蛾,从而造成互利入侵。     

杉木人工林细根寿命的影响因素

利用微根管技术探讨细根径级、序级、出生季节、土层和林龄对福建南平18年生和90年生杉木人工林细根寿命的影响。杉木林细根中值寿命随径级增大而延长,18年生杉木人工林直径d≤0.3 mm、0.3<d≤0.6 mm、0.6<d≤1.0 mm和d>1.0 mm的细根中值寿命分别为(125±47) d、(158±16) d、(248±18) d和(272±53)d;90年生杉木人工林直径d≤0.3 mm和0.3<d≤0.6 mm的中值寿命分别为(95±20) d和(200±17) d,而0.6<d≤1.0 mm和d>1.0 mm的细根在观测期结束时,其累积存活率仍高于50%。18年生和90年生杉木高序级细根累积存活率都显著高于一级根,一级细根中值寿命分别为(180±13) d和(200±18) d,而高级根在观测期结束时,其累积存活率仍大于50%。18年生杉木秋季出生的细根累积存活率显著高于夏季,90年生杉木冬季和秋季出生的细根累积存活率均极显著高于春季和夏季。18年生杉木冬季、秋季、春季、夏季出生细根的中值寿命分别为(216±16) d、(248±12) d、(172±6) d和125 d;90年生杉木秋季、春季、夏季出生细根中值寿命分别为383 d、(127±23) d和(106±19) d,而冬季出生的细根在观测期结束时累积存活率仍在50%以上。90年生杉木细根累积存活率随土壤深度增加而显著增加,土层深度0< D≤20 cm和20<D≤40 cm细根中值寿命分别为(156±14) d和(241±24) d,而40<D≤60 cm土层细根寿命在观测期结束时累积存活率仍在50%以上;18年生不同土层细根累积存活率则均无显著差异,中值寿命分别为(187±19) d、(216±28) d和(120±47) d。不同林龄相同径级或序级细根的存活曲线均无显著差异;除了夏季外,不同季节出生的同生根群存活率曲线在不同林龄之间均具有显著差异;0<D≤20cm、20<D≤40cm土层细根存活曲线在不同林龄间无显著差异,但40<D≤60cm土层的细根存活曲线在不同林龄间则存在显著差异。     

The relationship between the connecting peptide of recombined single chain insulin and its biological function

To investigate the relationship between the biological activity of recombined single chain insulin and the length of the connecting peptide, we designed and prepared three single chain insulin molecules, namely, PIP, [A]₅PIP and [A]₁₀PIP, by site-directed mutagenesis, in which B30 and A1 were linked through dipeptide A-K, heptapeptide A-A-A-A-A-A-K, and dodecapeptide A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-K, respectively. Their receptor binding capacities were 0.14%, 14.3% and 11.1% of that of insulin respectively and theirin vivo biological activities were in consistence with their receptor binding capacity; whereas their growth promoting activities were 17%, 116.3% and 38% of that of insulin. These results suggested the following conclusions. (i) The recombined single chain insulin could also possess the same metabolic and mitogenic function as insulin. (ii) The receptor binding capacity of recombined single chain insulin to insulin receptor was closely related to the length and amino acid composition of the connecting peptide and could change from 0 to 100% of insulin depending on the different connecting peptides. This result further illustrated the necessity of B chain C-terminus swaying away from A chain N-terminus when insulin binds to its receptor. (iii) The mitogenic activity of recombined single chain insulin also depended on the length and the amino acid composition of the connecting peptide and was higher than its metabolic activity.     

极端污染环境草甘膦抗性菌株的分离、鉴定及特性

[目的]筛选高抗草甘膦菌株并对其进行鉴定和特性研究.[方法]从草甘膦极端污染土壤中分离高抗草甘膦菌株,并检测其草甘膦耐受能力,最适生长pH和抗生素抗性.通过生理生化特征和分子生物学特征的测定对该菌株进行鉴定.[结果]从草甘膦极端污染土壤中分离到一株高抗草甘膦的菌株SL06500,该菌株最高耐受草甘膦浓度为500 mmol/L,并且在200～500 mmol/L之间,菌株生长迅速,最适生长pH为4.0,具有氨苄青霉素、卡那霉素、四环素和氯霉素抗性.用16S rDNA的通用引物,经PCR扩增、测序得到SL06500的16S rDNA序列,该序列在GenBank的登录号为EU006066.将此序列经NCBI Blast进行核苷酸比对发现SL06500与无色杆菌属(Achromobacter)和产碱杆菌属(Alcaligenes)的Identity值均为99%.按照1994年版伯杰氏鉴定细菌学手册的命名规则,结合生理生化指标测定的结果,将菌株命名为木糖氧化产碱杆菌木糖氧化亚种SL06500 (Alcaligenes xylosoxidans subsp.xylosoxidans SL06500).[结论]该菌株的较高草甘膦抗性和嗜药性的特点值得我们进行进一步的研究.更重要的是,这是首次关于木糖氧化产碱杆菌木糖氧化亚种草甘膦抗性的报道.     

产甾体皂甙华重楼内生菌的筛选与鉴定

从华重楼(Paris polyphyllavar.chinensisFranch)的地下块茎中分离筛选得到2株可能产生甾体皂甙的内生菌(SS01和SS02),薄层层析检测菌株SS01、SS02的发酵产物分别有3条和2条层析带与重楼总皂甙的层析带迁移率相当。形态和生理生化特征初步表明SS01和SS02分属于肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillussp.)细菌。扩增、测序得到SS01和SS02的部分16S rDNA序列,GenBank接收号分别为AY842143和AY842144。用Blastn调出与菌株16SrDNA同源的序列,用Clustal W进行多重序列对比,用软件Phylip按Neighbor-Joining方法构建16SrDNA系统发育树。菌株SS01和SS02分别与Cedecea davisae DSM4568、Paenibacillus daejeonensis处于同一分支,相似性分别为98.9%和97.7%,将它们鉴定为Cedecea davisae SS01和Paenibacillus daejeonensis SS02。     

蚯蚓吞食过程中土壤理化性质与放线菌多样性的变化特征

为探明土壤理化性质与放线菌多样性在蚯蚓吞食过程中的变化特征,将蚯蚓生活土壤、肠道内容物和蚓粪视作蚯蚓吞食前、中、后阶段的3种特殊生境土壤,采用纯培养法分离纯化3阶段中的放线菌;克隆文库法分析3阶段中的放线菌多样性;国标法测定吞食前、中、后土壤的基本理化性质;并利用主成分分析与相关性分析法分析土壤理化性质与放线菌多样性的相关性。结果显示:从生活土壤、肠道内容物和蚓粪中分别获得27株、15株和17株放线菌,形态、培养特征及16S rDNA序列鉴定生活土壤放线菌分为链霉菌属、拟诺卡氏菌属、束丝放线菌属,肠道内容物和蚓粪放线菌均属链霉菌属;放线菌多样性从生活土壤、蚓粪、肠道内容物依次递减。生活土壤文库含40个OTUs,分为11科,未知菌占24%,类诺卡氏菌科是优势菌群;肠道内容物文库含20个OTUs,分为6科,未知菌占3.3%,微杆菌科是优势菌群;蚓粪文库含30个OTUs,分为6科,未知菌占11.7%,链霉菌科是优势菌群。3种土壤全磷含量无显著差异,生活土壤其余理化含量均最低,肠道内容物速效氮含量最高,蚓粪的有机质、全氮、钾及有效磷、钾含量最高。主成分分析和相关性分析显示:蚯蚓吞食过程中,土壤有效磷、全氮、全钾、速效钾和有机质含量对放线菌多样性影响较大,其中全氮、有效磷与放线菌多样性显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.998、-1,从而为明确蚯蚓、土壤与放线菌的相互关系提供了理论依据。     

The relationship between the connecting peptide of recombined single chain insulin and its biological function

To investigate the relationship between the biological activity of recombined single chain insulin and the length of the connecting peptide, we designed and prepared three single chain insulin molecules, namely, PIP, [A]5PIP and [A]10PIP, by site-directed mutagenesis, in which B30 and A1 were linked through dipeptide A-K, heptapeptide A-A-A-A-A-A-K, and dodecapeptide A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-K, respectively. Their receptor binding capacities were 0.14%, 14.3% and 11.1% of that of insulin respectively and their in vivo biological activities were in consistence with their receptor binding capacity; whereas their growth promoting activities were 17%, 116.3% and 38% of that of insulin. These results suggested the following conclusions. (i) The recombined single chain insulin could also possess the same metabolic and mitogenic function as insulin. (ii) The receptor binding capacity of recombined single chain insulin to insulin receptor was closely related to the length and amino acid composition of the connectin