产香细菌的筛选及产香特性分析

醇化烟叶作为巨大的微生物库,具有极其可观的研究和应用价值。本研究应用模拟烟叶生长环境的烟叶浸提物培养基筛选产香细菌,并分析所筛选菌株发酵烟叶的产香特性,用于研究其在烟叶醇化中提升烟叶香味的可行性,同时探究该微生物用于生产天然香料的可能性。实验结果表明:通过烟叶浸提物培养基筛选出一株细菌HD-40,该菌可发酵烟叶可产生明显奶香味;经生理生化和分子生物学鉴定,初步表明该菌属于甲基营养型芽孢杆菌;进一步,利用该菌株发酵处理烟叶,并将发酵液萃取后GC-MS检测,与未经菌株处理的发酵液对比,其所含的酯类、醛类、酸类等对香气有贡献的成分明显增加,特别是其中3-羟基-2-丁酮的比例可高达60%以上。HD-40可发酵烟叶产生明显的奶香味,其不仅在烟叶醇化方面,用于提高烟叶香气、改善烟叶吸味等,还可在制备天然香料香精方面均有着很好的应用前景。     

Behavioral and Neurogenomic Responses to Acoustic and Visual Sexual Cues are Correlated in Female Torrent Frogs

Diverse a nimal species use multimodal communica tion signals to coordina te reproductive behavior.Despite active research in this field,the brain mechanisms underlying multimodal communication remain poorly understood.Similar to humans and many mammalian species,anurans often produce auditory signals accompanied by conspicuous visual cues(e.g.,vocal sac inflation).In this study,we used video playbacks to determine the role of vocal-sac inflation in little torrent frogs(Amolops torrentis).Then we exposed females to blank,visual,auditory,and audiovisual stimuli and analyzed whole brain tissue gene expression changes using RNAseq.The results showed that both auditory cues(i.e.,male advertisement calls)and visual cues were attractive to female frogs,although auditory cues were more attractive than visual cues.Females preferred simultaneous bimodal cues to unimodal cues.The hierarchical clustering of differentially expressed genes showed a close relationship between neurogenomic states and momentarily expressed sexual signals.We also found that the Gene Ontology terms and KEGG pathways involved in energy metabolism were mostly increased in blank contrast versus visual,acoustic,or audiovisual stimuli,indicating that brain energy use may play an important role in response to these stimuli.In sum,behavioral and neurogenomic responses to acoustic and visual cues are correlated in female little torrent frogs.     

肽基脯氨酰顺反异构酶Pin1在阿尔茨海默病发生发展中的作用

Pin1是目前发现的人体内唯一识别蛋白质中p Ser/p Thr-Pro的顺反异构酶,与阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer′s disease,AD)的发生存在重要联系.Pin1调控AD相关分子的结构和功能,抑制神经纤维缠结、老年斑、脑血管淀粉样沉积等AD病理学特征,促进神经前体细胞分化成神经元,在一定程度上起到了阻止AD发生和发展的作用.同时,人体内Pin1功能紊乱可能是AD发生机制之一,尽管如此,Pin1能否成为预防和治疗AD的靶蛋白还有待临床验证.鉴于目前针对脑内单分子的AD药物疗效较差,联合Pin1与相关分子的"多靶点药物组合"可能是一种未来AD防治的研究策略.     

塔里木河流域相对资源承载力

基于改进的相对资源承载力模型,计算2000-2011年塔里木河流域的相对资源人口承载力和相对资源经济承载力,并探讨塔河流域42个县市相对资源承载力的演变规律及空间差异。研究表明:(1)改进的相对资源承载力模型具有一定的研究价值,对于拓宽相对资源承载力评价模型的应用具有实践意义。(2)以新疆为参照区,塔河流域2000-2011年处于人口严重超载、经济非常富余或富余阶段。(3)与全疆相比,土地资源是塔河流域的相对优势资源,水资源是制约塔河流域人口、经济发展的相对劣势资源。(4)以塔河流域为参照区,流域内42个县市的相对资源人口承载力和相对资源经济承载力的空间差异显著。(4)依据相对资源人口、经济承载力的超载、富余状态将塔河流域42县市归为A、B、C、D 4种资源承载力匹配区,并总结其时序演变特点和发展策略。     

Mesenchymal stem cells targeting the GVHD

Acute graft-versus-host disease(GVHD) occurs after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant and is a reaction of donor immune cells against host tissues.About 35%—50% of hematopoietic stem cell transplant(HSCT) recipients will develop acute GVHD.It is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality,particularly in patients who do not respond to primary therapy,which usually consists of glucocorticoids(steroids).Most of the available second-line and third-line treatments for steroid-refractory acut...     

基于数据挖掘及动物实验探讨维持洛哌丁胺诱导便秘小鼠模型稳定性的研究

目的 通过文献数据挖掘与实验研究相结合的方法,挖掘洛哌丁胺诱导便秘小鼠模型造模特点及影响因素,为建立稳定的实验便秘模型提供一定参考.方法 文献研究部分以便秘及动物模型为主题词,检索中英文数据库,筛选使用洛哌丁胺诱导便秘小鼠模型的实验研究,提取资料并进行分析;动物实验部分,采用雄性C57BL/6小鼠,给予5 mg/kg及...     

小鼠母源因子对早期胚胎发育的影响

在脊椎动物中发育过程中,卵母细胞要经历MII期停滞、受精、早期胚胎发育的启动、胚胎基因组的转录激活、并指导完成个体的发育过程。同时,核移植过程中,分化的细胞核在去核的卵母细胞中能够重编程到胚胎早期的状态并能完成个体的发育过程。在这些发育过程中母源因子都发挥了极其的重要作用。在小鼠胚胎发育研究中发现,小鼠的基因组激活发生在2细胞期,这一时期标志着合子的发育由卵母细胞控制向胚胎控制的过渡,期间发生一系列复杂的生化过程。体外培养的小鼠的胚胎的发育阻断也易发生的2细胞时期。因此对卵母细胞及早期胚胎母源因子的研究,将有利于了解早期体外培养胚胎和克隆胚胎发育失败的原因,为提高体外培养和克隆胚胎发育的成功率提供理论的基础。     

Substance P enhances the proliferation of rat anterior pituitary cells in vitro

The undecapeptide substanceP(SP) was shown to be intimately involved in both the structural and functional aspects of the anterior pituitary.Yet,in addition to its influences on hormonal secretion,SP may well possess more actions in this master gland.The present study was ftherefore aimed to investigate the effect of SP on the proliferation of rat anterior pituitary cells in primary culture,It was found that SP could dose-dependently increase the incorporation of tritiated thymidine(3H-TdR) into cultured anterior pituitary cells.Other mammalian tachykinins such as neurokinin A and neurokinin B had similar effect but to varying degrees.The equipotent analogue of SP,Norleucine^11-SP(Nle^11-SP),also acted likewise.with its action antagonizable by spantide,a SP receptor blocker.To further characterize the nature of cells responsive to the challenge of SP,immunocytochemical staining against S-100 protein and some adenohypophyseal hormones was performed alone or plus autoradiography.The results showed that the percentage of S-100 proteinimmunorective cells was apparently elevated by the addtion of Nle^11-Sp for 48h,which indicates a preferential proliferation of folliculo-stellate cells under the regime .This was confirmed by increases in immunocytochemical or autoradiographical labelling indices of anterior pituitary Substance P and anterior pituitary cell proliferation.Cells treated similarly.Taken together,These results reveal that the trophic action of SP observed previously in other tissues is also present at least in cultured rat anterior pituitary cells.with responding cells being predominantly folliculo-stellate cells as typified by S-100 proteinimmunoreactivity.Therefore,an intra-pituitary trophicaction of SP in vivo could be anticipated.     

麻雀核型研究的新发现

本文对分布于牡丹江地区的麻雀（Passer montanus montanus Linnaeus）（指名亚种）进行了核型、C带和G带研究,发现了麻雀同一亚种内具有4种核型,即2n=78（正常）、2n=77、2n=76和2n=78（异常）。经分析比较认为,4种核型中,2n=78（正常）为基础核型,而其他3种核型是在此基础上由微小染色体发生过罗伯逊易位（Robertsonian translocation）形成的。从而为罗伯逊易位在鸟类核型进化中起重要作用这一推测提供了直接的证据。Abstract: The karyotype .C-band and G-band of the tree sparrow (Passer montanus montanus L.) in Mudanjiang area were studied, and 4 karyotypes were discovered, they are 2n=78 (normal), 2n=77,2n=76 and 2n=78(unusual). By analysis and comparison it can be considered that the 2n=78(normal) is a basic karyotype in the 4 karyotypes, and the others are formed by Robertsonina translocation between microchromosomes on this base, thus providing the inference that the Robertsonian translocation plays an important role in karyotype evolution of birds with direct evidence.     

湘西土家族、苗族红细胞血型的分布

对湖南吉首市的中学生进行了红细胞备型分布调查。土家族200人的各表型人数是：O 57,A 74,B 45,AB 24;M 75,MN 88,N 37;CCDee 84,CCDE 26,DcDee 26,CcDE 47,ccDee 1,ccDE 14,Ccdee 1,CcdE 1;P1(+)103,P1(-)97。苗族202人的各表型人数是：O 74,A 65,B 54,AB 9;M 75,MN 101,N 26;CCDee 78,CCDE 2,CcDee 42,CcDe 58,ccDee 2,ccDE 20;P1(+)65,P1(-)138;Fy(a+b-)199。Fy(a+b+)1,Fy(a-b+)2。 The distribution of several red cell blood group systems was studied in Tujia and Miao ethnic groups in Jishou City,Hunan Province.The phenotype distribution of 200 unrelated Tujias was:O 57,A 74,B 45,AB 24;M 75,MN 88,N 37;CCDee 84,CCDE 26,DcDee 26,CcDE 47,ccDee 1,ccDE 14,Ccdee 1,CcdE1;P1(+)103,P1(-)97。