灰胸竹鸡消化系统形态解剖初探

观察和测定了13只灰胸竹鸡消化系统的解剖参数,结果表明:雌性和雄性体重分别为227.39 g和216.79 g,体长分别为237.22 mm和230.00 mm;腺胃粘膜表面具有40～50枚圆形乳头,肌胃较发达;雌性和雄性的食道分别长约93.96 mm和99.75 mm,肠道总长分别为683.83 mm和672.95 mm,肝脏分别重4.87 g和5.20 g,胰脏分别重0.38 g和0.45 g.此研究为进行竹鸡的人工驯养和生物学研究提供解剖学资料.     

The Heritability Theory of Heterosis and Its Meaning for Global Agriculture

Ｔｈｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｈｅｔｅｒｏｓｉｓｈａｓａｌｗａｙｓｂｅｅｎａｓｏｒｅｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ .ｇｅｎｅｔｉｃｉｓｔｓ ,ｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃｉａｎｓ ,ｅｖｅｎｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃｉａｎｓｈａｖｅｐｅｃｋｅｄａｔｉｔ,ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔｂｅｉｎｇａｂｌｅｔｏｇｉｖｅａｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ .Ｔｈｅｏｎｌｙｅｘｉｓｔｉｎｇｉｎｓｔａｎｃｅｔｈａｔａｔｔｅｍｐｔｓｔｏｓｕｐｐｌｙａｔｅｍ ｐｏｒａｒｙａｎｓｗｅｒｔｏｔｈｅｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｉｓｔｈｅｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｏｆｃｏｍｂｉｎｉｎｇａｂｉｌｉｔｙ[1] ｗｈｉｃｈｐｏ…     

PCR技术在性别鉴定及性别控制应用中的研究进展

PCR技术是一项发展迅猛的生物技术,因具有快速、灵敏、简便及特异性强等特点而被广泛应用于性别鉴定及其它许多相关研究领域。应用于性别鉴定的PCR方法从简单PCR法、双重或多重PCR法、巢式PCR法发展到改进的两温度梯度PCR法;而不同性别间除了呈现有或无关系（类似于Sry 基因）的基因序列外,也检测到了很多类似于锌指蛋白和牙釉蛋白的呈现不同性别特征的基因序列,这为性别鉴定引物的设计和PCR法进行性别鉴定提供了另一种全新的思路,即如果根据这种性别多态性DNA序列特点设计引物,采用两温度梯度PCR扩增技术进行PCR性别鉴定,则可望简化鉴定程序、降低检测时间、提高鉴定效率,使PCR性别控制技术更加成熟和实用化。随着研究的深入,PCR技术在性别鉴定及控制的应用中必将日益成熟,并推动此项技术在其它相关领域中的研究和应用取得更大的进展。     

High temperatures reveal cryptic genetic variation in a polymorphic female sperm storage organ

Variation in female reproductive morphology may play a decisive role in reproductive isolation by affecting the relative fertilization success of alternative male phenotypes. Yet, knowledge of how environmental variation may influence the development of the female reproductive tract and thus alter the arena of postcopulatory sexual selection is limited. Yellow dung fly females possess either three or four sperm storage compartments, a polymorphism with documented influence on sperm precedence. We performed a quantitative genetics study including 12 populations reared at three developmental temperatures complemented by extensive field data to show that warm developmental temperatures increase the frequency of females with four compartments, revealing striking hidden genetic variation for the polymorphism. Systematic genetic differentiation in growth rate and spermathecal number along latitude, and phenotypic covariance between the traits across temperature treatments suggest that the genetic architecture underlying the polymorphism is shaped by selection on metabolic rate. Our findings illustrate how temperature can modulate the preconditions for sexual selection by differentially exposing novel variation in reproductive morphology. This implies that environmental change may substantially alter the dynamics of sexual selection. We further discuss how temperature-dependent developmental plasticity may have contributed to observed rapid evolutionary transitions in spermathecal morphology.     

Effects of temperature acclimation on body mass and energy budget in the Chinese bulbul Pycnonotus sinensis

Chinese bulbuls(Pycnonotus sinensis) are small passerine birds that inhabit areas of central, southern and eastern China. Previous observations suggest that free–living individuals of this species may change their food intake in response to seasonal changes in ambient temperature. In the present study, we randomly assigned Chinese bulbuls to either a 30 °C or 10 °C group, and measured their body mass(BM), body temperature, gross energy intake(GEI), digestible energy intake(DEI), and the length and mass of their digestive tracts over 28 days of acclimation at these temperatures. As predicted, birds in the 30 °C group had lower body mass, GEI and DEI relative to those in the 10 °C group. The length and mass of the digestive tract was also lower in the 30 °C group and trends in these parameters were positively correlated with BM, GEI and DEI. These results suggest that Chinese bulbuls reduced their absolute energy demands at relatively high temperatures by decreasing their body mass, GEI and DEI, and digestive tract size.     

The current and future potential geographic range of West Indian fruit fly,Anastrepha obliqua （Diptera： Tephritidae）

The West Indian fruit fly, Anastrepha obliqua （Macquart）, is one of the most important pests throughout the Americas. CLIMEX 3.0 and ArcGIS 9.3 were used to model the current and future potential geographical distribution of this pest. Under current climatic conditions, A. obliqua is predicted to be able to establish throughout much of the tropics and subtropics, including not only North and South America, where it has been reported, but also southern Asia, northeastern Australia and Sub-Saharan Africa. The main factors limiting the pest＇s range expansion may be cold stress. Climate change expands the potential distribution of A. obliqua poleward as cold stress boundaries recede, but the predicted distribution in northwestern Australia and northern parts of Sub-Saharan Africa will decrease because of heat stress. Considering the widely suitable range for A. obliqua globally and in China, enhanced quarantine and monitoring measures should be implemented in areas that are projected to be suitable for the establishment of the pest under current and future climatic conditions.     

Benzene containing polyhydroxyalkanoates homo- and copolymers synthesized by genome edited Pseudomonas entomophila

Microbial synthesis of functional polymers has become increasingly important for industrial biotechnology.For the first time,it became possible to synthesize controllable composition of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)(P3HA)consisting of 3-hydroxydodecanoate(3HDD)and phenyl group on the side-chain when chromosome of Pseudomonas entomophila was edited to weaken itsβ-oxidation.Cultured in the presence of 5-phenylvaleric acid(PVA),the edited P.entomophila produced only homopolymer poly(3-hydroxy-5-phenylvalerate)or P(3HPhV).While copolyesters P(3HPhV-co-3HDD)of 3-hydroxy-5-phenylvalerate(3HPhV)and 3-hydroxydodecanoate(3HDD)were synthesized when the strain was grown on mixtures of PVA and dodecanoic acid(DDA).Compositions of 3HPhV in P(3HPhV-co-3HDD)were controllable ranging from 3%to 32%depending on DDDA/PVA ratios.Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectra clearly indicated that the polymers were homopolymer of P(3HPhV)and random copolymers of 3HPhV and 3HDD.Their mechanical and thermal properties varied dramatically depending on the monomer ratios.Our results demonstrated the possibility to produce tailor-made,novel functional PHA using the chromosome edited P.entomophila.     

原位杂交研究对虾白斑杆状病毒在虾体内感染过程

应用地高辛标记的对虾白斑杆状病毒（ｗｈｉｔｅ ｓｐｏｔ ｓｙｎｄｒｏｍｅ ｂａｃｕｌｏｖｉｒｕｓ,ＷＳＳＶ）核酸探针,与人工感染后不同时间采集的对虾组织样品进行原位杂交,以动态研究病毒从侵染至对虾以病死亡的过程。将典型感染ＷＳＳＶ的病虾组织投喂健康对虾,结果显示：ＷＳＳＶ道德通过侵染消化道上皮进入虾体内增殖,此后随着细胞裂解、病毒粒子释放,游离的粒子伴随血淋巴循环进而杂其它靶组织,直至对虾发病死亡     

长江流域水牛血液蛋白多态性研究

采集长江流域德昌、涪陵、江汉、滨湖和海子5个水牛地方品种共416 头牛的血样。电泳检测血红蛋白、血清运铁蛋白多态性,估算各等位基因频率及基因型频率,根据Hb及Tf两个位点的基因频率进行聚类分析。结果表明,5个水牛地方品种间遗传变异较小,其亲缘关系较近。     

激光诱发家蚕孤雌生殖的研究

采用 CO2激光扩束辐照诱发家蚕孤雌生殖,获得着色卵率约60%,转青卵率约31%,孵化率只占转青率的1.85%,全是雌蚕,其发育机制属非减数分裂型,没有出现畸形蚕,茧质未下降。从激光诱发的孤雌生殖的后代中,初步选出两个新类型的可作育种材料。 Abstrect:In order to induce silkworm(Bombyx mori)parthenogenesis,we irradiated eggs by Co2 laser.The results showed,60% colored eggs,31% average bluish eggs,only 1.85% hatchavility among the bluish eggs,all female from those eggs and so an ameiosis parthenogenesis;no malformed worm,thus similar constitution and quality to their parents;and finally two new strains which can be used to breed new strains and furhther studies.