血红蛋白分子病

关于分子病（moleculardisease）的概念,首由波林（pauling1949）提出。他并指出,镰形细胞贫血是因血红蛋白分子结构异常所致,这和加罗德（Garrod1908）根据黑尿症的研究提出的酶缺陷所导致的先天性代谢失调在本质上没有不同。因为,缺陷酶也是异常蛋白质。所以,从严格的意义上讲,两者均属分子病。不过,通常把后者称为先天性代谢失调,唯把结构蛋白异常引起的遗传病称为分子病。血红蛋白（hemogfobin,Hb）是人体红细胞内的主要蛋白质,每个红细胞内大约有2．8X10’个血红蛋白分子,其功能是运送氧气。由于血红蛋白的结构或合成速率…     

施氏鲟的核型及DNA含量研究

采用体内注射小牛血清、肾组织细胞短期培养、常见空气干燥法制备了施氏鲟(Acipenser schrencki Brandt)的染色体,并进行了核型分析。施氏鲟二倍体的染色体为238±8条,其核型为78m+12sm+28st,t+120±mc,NF :328±。以外周血红细胞为样本,鸡的红细胞为对照,用美国产的FACStar Plus流式细胞仪测定了施氏鲟二倍体细胞核的DNA含量, 其DNA含量为鸡的5.06倍,绝对含量为11.73±0.68pg/N。 Abstract:Metaphase chromosome specimens of Amur Sturgeon,injected with fetalcalf serum,were prepared from short-term culture of kidney cells with air-drying technique.Its diploid chromosome number is 2n=238±8.Karyotype consists of 78m+12sm+28st,t+120±mc,NF:328±.Diploid nucleus DNA content was measured from the peripheral erythrocytes,using flow cytometer(FACStar Pus,made in USA)and erythrocytes of chick(Gallus sp)as internal standard.DNA content of the fish is 11.73±0.68pg/N and the ratio to that of chickens is 5.06.     

小麦T型细胞质雄性不育系与相应保持系线粒体DNA的RAPD分析

利用RAPD技术对小麦T型细胞质雄性不育系75-3369A和相应保持系75-336 9B 的线粒体DNA(mtDNA)进行了81个单引物和14组双引物的多态性研究。结果有73个单引物和全部的双引物有扩增结果,表现出多态性的有10个单引物和一组双引物。 Abstract:Using 81 single-primers and 14 double-primers,T-type CMS(cytoplasmic male sterile)line 75-3369 A and is maintainer 75-3369B were studied by means of RAPD.73 single-primers and all double-primers gave amplified products in the experiment,among them 10 single-primers and one double-primer presented polymorphism.     

通用线性模型筛选家禽生化多态遗传标记的探讨

本研究首次采用线性模型估计生化基因(表)型对产蛋量相关性状的效应,排除环境和遗传背景的差异,检测出效应显著的3种生化基因(表)型。Akp座位F型和Es-1座位AB型的开产蛋重显著降低, 效应的遗传本质有待于深入研究确认。 Tf位点对于36周龄体重的影响不属于基因多效或紧密连锁效应, 可能是距离较远基因连锁的结果,效应随基因间连锁与交换会在品系和世代间产生较大波动;或可能源于非控制误差。本研究还表明生化基因座位与数量性状基因位点(QTL)间的非紧密基因连锁可能大量存在, 但育种意义不大。 Abstract:The literature on associations between biochemical polymorphisms with a Mendelian basis and quantitative traitsis abundant,but it is often difficult to draw conclusions from results that vary in statistical significance and that are sometimes conflicting.Linear models were found capable in estimating associated effects of biochemical genes,precluding deviations due to environmental and population differences.Three biochemical gene- or phenotypes were detected to be significantly associated with laying-related traits.F of Akp locus and AB of Es-1 locus showed large associated effects on egg weight at onset of lay as the result of pleiotrophy or close linkage,or caused by heterogeneity,whereas association of BB at Tf locus with body weight at 36 weeks of age could be due to loose linkage or non-controlled errors which exhibited large variations between populations and possibly through generations Many biochemical loci were also revealed to be occasionally associated with laying-related traits,but few of them could be of breeding importance.     

一个新的小麦核不育材料的发现和鉴定

从轮选可育株衍生的后代中发现一个雄性不育株,即P740不育材料。在P7 40不育材料第1、2、3次姊妹交后代中,可育株与不育株的分离比分别符合4:1、 7:5和15:13。在第2次姊妹交后代中可育株产生的40个株系中,7个株系的育性分离比是15:1,33个株系是3:1,二者约分别占1/7和6/7。以上结果表明,P740是一个双隐性基因控制的核雄性不育材料。本文提出了计算隐性核不育材料姊妹交后代育性分离比率的公式。 Abstract:A male sterile material was found in the progeny derived from a fertile plant in the population of recurrent selection.The ratios of fertile to sterile plants in three sib-mating of the male sterile material with fertile plants were to 4:1,7:5 and 15:13,respcctively.In the 40 plant lines derived from the fertile plants of second sib-mating population,33 lines approximated to the segregation ratio of 3(fertile):a double recessive nuclear male sterile material.A genetic pattern for calculation of fertile segregation in sib-mating progenies of recessive nuclear male sterile material was advanced in this paper.     

蚕豆特矮秆突变体的遗传研究

用在国内首次发现的蚕豆特矮秆突变体的优良后代“鄂农 82矮”及高秆品种“启豆1号”为亲本, 研究了株高及其与株高密切有关的两个性状──节间长和节数的遗传。结果表明:株高、节间长、节数3个性状受核基因控制,不存在任何形式的母性遗传。供试双亲株高性状存在一对基因的差异,我们用Df-df表示这一基因座的两个等位基因,高秆亲本基因型为Df Df,矮秆亲本的基因型为dfdf,高秆对矮秆为显性。数量遗传分析表明,3个性状的遗传均符合加性显性模型,株高、节长的加性效应和显性效应都很重要,显性度接近于1。节数仅受加性效应控制,显性效应不显著。 Abstract:DwarF Enong 82,which derived from the unique dwarf mutant discovered in China,was crossed with the commercial broad bean cultivar Qidou 1.From the crossing six basic generations were generated for studing the genetical behaviors of plant height and two related characters i.e. node length and number of nodes.The results showed that the three characters were governed by nuclear genes.The difference in plant height between two parents was related to a loci,which was designated Df-df.Generation mean analyses revealed that the additive-dominance model was adequate to interpreting the inheritance of the three characters.The estimates of number of genes controlling these characterswere the same astheresults with Mendlian methods.     

应用多重PCR技术检测性器官异常患者的性别决定基因

采用针对人SRY基因及X与Y染色体同源序列的两对引物进行多重聚合酶链反应技术检测204例新生儿脐血DNA,男性均显示590bp、 355bp及280bp 3条扩增带,女性只有590bp1条扩增带,性别鉴定准确率为100%。又检测47例性器官异常患,13例社会性别为女性者只出现590bp扩增带,与核型性别结果一致。 34例社会性别为男性者中,有2例SRY基因检测结果阴性,只出现590bp带,核型为46,XX,证明这两例患者社会性别不相符,经病理证实后应诊断为女性假两性畸形。 Abstract:This investigation adapted multiplex PCR technique with two pairs of primer to determine sex according to the human SRY gene and X,Y chromosome analogical sequence.We detected bellybutton blood DNA from 204 newborns.Male revealed three bands:590bp,355bp and 280bp,and females only had one band which was 590bp,the accuracy of sex determination was 100%.47 sexual abnormal patients were tested.The results showed that 13 cases,whose social sex were female,had one 590bp band which consistent with their chromosome type sex.In the rest 34 cases,whose social sex were male,2cases showed,on the contrary,only one 590bp band and their chromosome type were 46,XX.This proved that the two patients did not consistent with their social sex,and pathological analysis showed that they were female pseud-hermaphroditism.     

细胞死亡的基因调节

GeneRegulationofProgrammedCellDeathYangJianminLiuLianrui(InstituteofGenetics,AcademiaSinica,Beijing100101)细胞死亡与细胞生长、分化和增殖一样是维持生物体平衡的重要环节。它是生命过程一个重要组成部分,只在近年来才引起生物学家和医学家的重视．细胞死亡现象称为Apoptosis,或称Programmedcelldeath（细胞程序化死亡）,也有称为Suicide（细胞自杀现象）。细胞死亡（apoptosis）是在细胞内和细胞外因子的严格控制下～种有步骤有活性的生理性自行消亡过程,正在死亡的细胞形态上发生明显的变化,如胞浆浓缩,原生质膜形…     

温泉蛇的染色体组型及Ag-NORs的研究

本文首次报道了温泉蛇(Thermophis baileyi)的染色体组型及Ag-NORs,其核型模式可表达为2n=36=14M+2T+20m, ZW型性决定,Z和W分别为中及亚端部着丝点染色体。该结果与游蛇属种类的核型有较大差异,从而旁证了将温泉蛇从游蛇属中分出的观点。仅一对NOR于No.9染色体长臂并与其次溢痕位置相当,该NOR与锦蛇属种类一致而与游蛇类不同。根据染色体特征,认为温泉蛇在游蛇亚科中处于较为原始的地位。