应用米索前列醇治疗妊高症产后出血的疗效观察

目的:探讨应用米索前列醇对妊高症产后出血的治疗效果。方法:选取我院诊治的200例妊高症产后出血孕妇,将患者分为观察组与对照组,每组100例患者,胎儿娩出后对照组肌注催产素,观察组直肠给予米索丽列醇,按摩子宫,比较治疗后两组患者的平均出血量以及血压状况。结果:治疗前对照组和观察组平均出血量分别为(623.2±45.8)m L、(630.0±46.3)m L(P1=0.176)。治疗后,两组平均出血量分别为(486.1±24.3)m L、(313.3±23.1)m L。与治疗前相比,治疗后两组产妇的出血量均有不同减少,观察组患者少于对照组患者(P2=0.026)。对照组中重度妊高症患者的收缩压及舒张压分别为(170.1±6.7)mm Hg、(113.2±2.1)mm Hg,中度(153.6±5.1)mm Hg、(104.5±5.3)mm Hg,轻度(138.9±4.2)mm Hg、(93.2±2.0)mm Hg。观察组重度妊高症患者中以上指标分别为(169.2±6.5)mm Hg、(114.4±2.5)mm Hg,中度患者(156.2±4.8)mm Hg、(105.9±4.9)mm Hg,轻度患者(140.2±4.4)mm Hg、(90.2±4.4)mm Hg,相应病情下两组患者血压方面均无统计学差异(P3=0.87,P4=0.88,P5=0.75,P6=0.83,P7=0.64,P8=0.92)。对照组和观察组患者中不良反应发生率分别为1.0%(1/100)、2.0%(2/100),差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:米索前列醇直肠用药治疗妊高症产后出血,疗效显著、给药方便、安全性较高,值得进一步推广。     

妊娠合并甲状腺功能亢进症23 例临床分析

目的:探讨妊娠合并甲状腺功能亢进症的孕妇的妊娠结局,对母体造成的影响,抗甲状腺药物的使用情况及分娩方式。方法:对23例甲状腺功能亢进孕妇进行了回顾性分析,观察该病对孕妇的影响,对母儿造成的不良结局。结果:23例甲状腺功能亢进孕妇合并轻度妊娠高血压综合征的2例,中度4例,重度2例。合并心衰6例,合并胎膜早破5例,胎盘粘连2例,甲状腺危象1例,胎盘早剥1例,产后出血1例,前置胎盘1例。23例甲状腺功能亢进顺产6例,产钳1例,胎头吸引1例,剖宫产15例。出现早产9例,其中5例为医源性早产。胎儿宫内窘迫6例,死胎1例。结论:妊娠合并甲状腺功能亢进症常危及母婴健康,为降低母儿风险,孕前需很好地控制病情,孕期密切监控,合理治疗。     

The significance of combined detection of CysC,urinary mAlb and β2-MG in diagnosis of the early renal injury in pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome

ObjectiveTo elaborate the significance of combined detection of cystatin C, urinary micro-albumin (mAlb) and β₂-microglobulin (β₂-MG) in diagnosis of the early renal injury in pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome.MethodsA total of 120 patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome who were admitted to this hospital for treatment between November 2015 and October 2018 were enrolled as subjects, and divided into the control group (without complication of renal injury, n = 76) and the observation group (with complication of renal injury, n = 44) according to the complications of early renal injury. Furthermore, 60 patients who participated in the antenatal care in this hospital were enrolled as the normal subjects (normal group). Automatic biochemistry analyzer was utilized to measure CysC, urinary mAlb and β₂-MG in serum to evaluate the specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of single or combined measurements of these indexes in diagnosis of the early renal injury in pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome.ResultsIn the observation group, the levels of CysC, urinary mAlb and β₂-MG were higher than those in the control group, while the levels in the normal group were the lowest (P < 0.05). Combined measurement of CysC, urinary mAlb and β₂-MG showed a higher accuracy (90.0%) in diagnosis of the early renal injury in pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome than the single measurements, and the difference had statistical significance (P < 0.05). Besides, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of the combined measurements were 94.59%, 87.30%, 81.40% and 94.49%, slightly higher than the single measurements, with no statistical significance in differences (P > 0.05).ConclusionCysC, urinary mAlb and β₂-MG can reflect the renal injury effectively, and the combined measurements shows potent accuracy in diagnosis of the early renal injury in pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome, thereby providing the scientific evidence for early diagnosis and stipulation of rational therapeutic regimen and improving the pregnancy outcome.     

青心酮对妊娠高血压综合征胎盘血管内皮和平滑肌细胞内一氧化氮合酶的影响

本文对正常孕妇、妊娠高血压综合征（ＰＩＨ）患者和经青心酮（ＤＨＡＰ）治疗的ＰＩＨ患者等共２４例,应用组织化学分析方法观察胎盘血管内皮细胞（ＶＥＣ）和平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣ）内一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）活性的变化。结果表明：正常孕妇胎盘ＶＥＣ和ＶＳＭＣ内ＮＯＳ活性较高;ＰＩＨ胎盘ＶＥＣ和ＶＳＭＣ内ＮＯＳ活性明显减弱,并伴有组织和细胞的形态学损伤;经ＤＨＡＰ治疗后的ＰＩＨ胎盘ＶＥＣ和ＶＳＭＣ细胞ＮＯＳ活性较未经ＤＨＡＰ治疗者明显增加,其组织和细胞损伤也减轻。本研究结果提示胎盘内ＶＥＣ和ＶＳＭＣ细胞的ＮＯＳ减少可能与ＰＩＨ的发生和／或发展有关,青心酮治疗ＰＩＨ的作用可能与ＤＨＡＰ促进胎盘ＶＥＣ和ＶＳＭＣ内一氧化氮（ＮＯ）合成有关。     

妊娠高血压外周血中促Th2的细胞因子水平及IL-2／IL-10平衡的临床意义

目的：检测妊娠高血压患者外周血中促Th2的分子IL-4、IL-2与IL-10的水平,探讨IL-2／IL-10在妊高症中的临床意义。方法：选择40例未妊娠妇女为对照组,30例正常妊娠妇女为妊娠组,28例妊娠高血压患者为妊娠高血压组,ELISA检测血清中IL-4、IL-2和IL-10的水平。结果：与对照组外周血中IL-4水平（0．53±0．04）pg／ml相比：正常妊娠组IL-4水平升高至（0．91±0．03）pg／ml（P〈0．05）,妊娠高血压组IL-4水平（0．67±0．35）pg／ml升高但明显低于正常妊娠组（P〈0．01）。与对照组外周血中IL-2水平（0．41±0．05）pg／ml相比：正常妊娠组IL-2水平升高至（0．82±0．11）pg／ml（P〈0．01）;妊娠高血压组IL-2水平高达1．57±0．22（pg／m1）明显高于其它两组（P〈0．01）。妊娠高血压组外周血中IL-10水平明显低于正常妊娠组IL-10水平（P〈0．01）;妊娠高血压组外周血中IL-2／IL-10比值明显高于于对照组及正常妊娠组的比值。结论：妊娠高血压患者外周血中细胞因子IL-2和IL-10分泌异常且诱导Th2细胞产生的IL-4降低,打破Th1／Th2平衡,致使Th1型免疫反应增强,使早孕期滋养细胞受到免疫损伤以致侵入能力下降,导致妊娠期高血压疾病的发生。     

妊娠高血压外周血中促Th2 的细胞因子水平及IL-2/IL-10 平衡 的临床意义

目的:检测妊娠高血压患者外周血中促Th2的分子IL-4、IL-2与IL-10的水平,探讨IL-2/IL-10在妊高症中的临床意义。方法:选择40例未妊娠妇女为对照组,30例正常妊娠妇女为妊娠组,28例妊娠高血压患者为妊娠高血压组,ELISA检测血清中IL-4、IL-2和IL-10的水平。结果:与对照组外周血中IL-4水平(0.53±0.04)pg/ml相比:正常妊娠组IL-4水平升高至(0.91±0.03)pg/ml(P<0.05),妊娠高血压组IL-4水平(0.67±0.35)pg/ml升高但明显低于正常妊娠组(P<0.01)。与对照组外周血中IL-2水平(0.41±0.05)pg/ml相比:正常妊娠组IL-2水平升高至(0.82±0.11)pg/ml(P<0.01);妊娠高血压组IL-2水平高达1.57±0.22(pg/ml)明显高于其它两组(P<0.01)。妊娠高血压组外周血中IL-10水平明显低于正常妊娠组IL-10水平(P<0.01);妊娠高血压组外周血中IL-2/IL-10比值明显高于于对照组及正常妊娠组的比值。结论:妊娠高血压患者外周血中细胞因子IL-2和IL-10分泌异常且诱导Th2细胞产生的IL-4降低,打破Th1/Th2平衡,致使Th1型免疫反应增强,使早孕期滋养细胞受到免疫损伤以致侵入能力下降,导致妊娠期高血压疾病的发生。     

硝苯地平与硫酸镁治疗妊娠高血压综合征的临床疗效及对患者血清肌 酐、HSP70 及尿微量白蛋白水平的影响

目的:探讨硝苯地平联合硫酸镁对妊娠高血压综合征患者血清肌酐、HSP70及尿微量白蛋白水平的影响。方法:选取近5年在我院接受治疗的妊娠高血压综合征患者60例,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组30例。对照组患者采用硫酸镁治疗,实验组患者采取硝苯地平联合硫酸镁治疗。观察并比较治疗前后两组患者血清肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血尿酸(UA)热休克蛋白70(HSP70)及24 h尿微量白蛋白水平以及收缩压及舒张压的变化。结果:与治疗前相比,两组患者Scr、BUN、UA、HSP70及24 h尿微量白蛋白水平和收缩压及舒张压均显著降低(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者上述指标均明显降低(P0.05)。结论:硝苯地平联合硫酸镁能够降低妊娠高血压综合征患者血压,保护患者肾功能。     

硫酸镁联合硝苯地平治疗中重度妊娠高血压综合征患者的疗效观察

目的:探讨硫酸镁联合硝苯地平治疗中重度妊娠期高血压综合征的临床疗效。方法:选取2013年5月-2014年10月我院收治的中重度妊娠期高血压综合征患者70例,随机将患者分为研究组和对照组,每组35例。对照组患者应用硫酸镁治疗,研究组患者给予硫酸镁联合硝苯地平治疗,比较两组患者的临床疗效、血压变化、血液粘度、24 h尿蛋白含量以及血细胞压积情况。结果:研究组治疗总有效率显著优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者治疗后的血压水平显著低于治疗前,且研究组显著优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者治疗后的血液粘度、24 h尿蛋白含量及血细胞压积显著优于治疗前,且研究组优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:硫酸镁联合硝苯地平治疗中重度妊娠期高血压具有较好的临床疗效,能够显著改善患者的临床症状。     

Podocyturia as an early diagnostic marker of preeclampsia: a literature review

Context: Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-related disease, and it is a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. It is characterized by the new onset of hypertension after 20?weeks of gestation together with signs of organ damage, most commonly the kidneys. The treatment of PE is symptomatic and final intervention requires delivery, regardless of the gestational age of the foetus. Furthermore, PE is a risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease – even many years after the delivery.

Objective: Current research of PE has revealed that detection of podocytes in urine (podocyturia) could be a useful method for both confirmation of PE diagnosis and for the prediction of the severity of the disease.

Conclusion: The main aim of this review is to summarize the current state of available methods for podocyte detection and to discuss their relevance in clinical practice.