Transfilter analysis of the inductive influence of proventricular mesenchyme on stomach epithelial differentiation of chick embryos

Summary To clarify the precise conditions under which chick embryonic proventricular mesenchyme can induce proventricular epithelial differentiation, transfilter experiments were carried out. Six-day proventricular epithelium formed glands and expressed pepsinogen when a Nucleopore filter with a pore size of more than 0.6 m, but not 0.2 m, was inserted between the epithelium and the proventricular mesenchyme. The larger the pore size of the filter, the more elongated the glands and the more pepsinogen was induced in the explants. The quail nuclear marker and scanning electron microscopy were used to examine penetration of mesenchymal cells through the Nuclepore filter. The filter of more than 0.2 m pore size allowed cell processes of mesenchymal cells to pass through. However, only the filter with a pore size of more than 0.6 m allowed actual migration of mesenchymal cells through the filter, and the larger the pore size of the filter, the more mesenchymal cells passed through. Under the same conditions 6-day and 4.5-day gizzard epithelium formed glands and expressed pepsinogen. These results indicate that a flow of diffusible substances through a Nuclepore filter and even direct contact of a few short cell processes of mesenchymal cells with epithelial cells are not sufficient for induction, and that direct contact of mesenchymal cell processes and/or mesenchymal cells with epithelial cells over a considerably wide area may be prerequisite for the induction.     

Gizzard epithelium of chick embryos can express embryonic pepsinogen antigen,a marker protein of proventriculus

Summary The avian stomach is composed of two distinct organs, the proventriculus and the gizzard. Pepsinogen expression in the proventricular and gizzard epithelia of chick embryos was investigated immunohistochemically with anti-embryonic chick pepsinogen (anti-ECPg) antiserum. In normal development, the ECPg antigen was expressed only in the glandular epithelial cells of the embryonic proventriculus from the 8th day of incubation onwards. However, both proventricular and gizzard epithelia of 6-day embryos expressed the ECPg antigen when recombined and cultured with the proventricular mesenchyme. Chronological studies revealed that the ECPg antigen was first detected in a few epithelial cells at 3 days of cultivation. The percentage of ECPg-positive cells among the total epithelial cells in each recombinant increased with the length of the culture period and all the glandular epithelial cells were positive at 9 days. During this process, the percentage of ECPg-positive cells in each cultured recombinant was similar in proventricular and gizzard epithelia. Moreover, both epithelia could express the ECPg antigen when recombined and cultured with the oesophageal or small-intestine mesenchyme for 9 days, though the percentage of ECPg-positive cells in each cultured recombinant was much lower than that in the cultured recombinant with the proventricular mesenchyme. These results indicate that the gizzard epithelium of 6-day chick embryos possesses a similar potential for pepsinogen expression as the proventricular epithelium of the same age.     

金山西部地区5~7岁儿童H.pylori感染调查及与胃蛋白酶原相关性分析

目的了解金山西部地区5~7岁健康儿童幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)感染情况,并探讨其与胃蛋白酶原(PG)的相关性。方法选取2019年3-5月金山地区5~7岁健康儿童共464例,分析不同年龄及性别幼儿H.pylori感染、胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ(PGⅠ)、胃蛋白酶原Ⅱ(PGⅡ)水平以及PGⅠ/PGⅡ比值的差异,采用Spearman相关性分析H.pylori感染与PGⅠ、PGⅡ水平和PGⅠ/PGⅡ的相关性。结果5~7岁儿童H.pylori阳性率达11.96%,5岁组、6岁组、7岁组儿童H.pylori阳性率分别为10.07%、12.96%、13.73%,阳性率逐年升高。不同年龄和性别幼儿的PGⅠ、PGⅡ水平和PGⅠ/PGⅡ间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。H.pylori是否感染与PGⅠ/PGⅡ呈显著正相关,与PGⅠ/PGⅡ呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。结论本地区5~7岁儿童H.pylori感染率相对较低且有着自身的特点,而且H.pylori感染与血清PG水平的关系密切,未来应加强对幼儿H.pylori感染与血清PG 水平的监测及防治。     

血清胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ/Ⅱ、铁蛋白及肿瘤坏死因子-alpha对胃癌的诊断价值

目的：探讨血清胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ/Ⅱ(PGⅠ/Ⅱ)、铁蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子-alpha联合检查诊断胃癌的临床意义。方法：选择2013 年5 月至2014 年10 月收治的胃病住院患者及健康体检者,根据胃镜及病理组织学结果,将其分良性胃病组、胃癌组以及健康组,比 较三组血清胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ/Ⅱ、铁蛋白及肿瘤坏死因子-alpha水平,分析血清胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ/Ⅱ(PGⅠ/Ⅱ)、铁蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子-alpha单 独和联合诊断胃癌的敏感性、特异性和准确性。结果：与健康组比较,良性胃病组以及胃癌组的血清PGⅠ/Ⅱ水平较低(P＜0.05), 与良性胃病组比较,胃癌组血清PGⅠ/Ⅱ水平较低(P＜0.05);与健康组比较,良性胃病组以及胃癌组的血清铁蛋白以及TNF-alpha水 平较高(P＜0.05),与良性胃病组比较,胃癌组血清铁蛋白以及TNF-alpha水平较高(P＜0.05)。PGⅠ/Ⅱ、铁蛋白以及TNF-alpha联合检测 诊断胃癌的敏感度以及准确度分别为88.4％以及83.1％,高于单一检测。结论：血清PGⅠ/Ⅱ、血清铁蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子-alpha联合 检测诊断胃癌的效能优于单一检测。     

慢性胃病患者胃蛋白酶原I、II水平与幽门螺旋杆菌感染的关系研究

目的:探讨慢性胃病患者胃蛋白酶原(PG)Ⅰ、PG Ⅱ水平与幽门螺旋杆菌(HP)感染的关系。方法:选取2012年12月-2016年12月期间我院收治的慢性胃病患者64例作为研究对象,根据疾病类型分为慢性胃炎组23例、胃溃疡组22例以及胃癌组19例。另取同期于我院接受体检的健康志愿者30例作为对照组,应用免疫比浊法测定各组血清PG Ⅰ与PG Ⅱ水平,采用快速尿激酶法测定各组HP感染情况,分别对比各组研究对象HP感染发生情况,血清PG Ⅰ、PG Ⅱ、PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ水平,HP感染情况与血清PG Ⅰ、PG Ⅱ、PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ水平关系。结果:慢性胃炎组、胃溃疡组以及胃癌组患者HP阳性率分别为60.87%、63.64%、78.95%,均明显高于对照组的13.33%(P0.05)。慢性胃炎组、胃溃疡组以及胃癌组患者血清PG Ⅰ、PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ水平均低于对照组,且胃癌组低于慢性胃炎组与胃溃疡组(P0.05),慢性胃炎组和胃溃疡组血清PG Ⅰ、PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),各组血清PG Ⅱ比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。各组研究对象HP阳性血清PG Ⅰ、PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ水平均低于HP阴性(P0.05),而PG Ⅱ水平比较无统计学差异(P0.05),慢性胃炎组、胃溃疡组、胃癌组HP阳性血清PG Ⅰ水平低于对照组,且胃癌组低于慢性胃炎组、胃溃疡组(P0.05),胃溃疡组、胃癌组HP阳性血清PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ水平低于对照组,且胃癌组低于慢性胃炎组(P0.05)。结论:慢性胃病患者PG Ⅰ、PG Ⅱ水平异常降低,HP阳性患者PG Ⅰ、PG Ⅱ水平降低更为明显,随病变的程度增加,血清PG Ⅰ、PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ水平也呈现出下降的趋势。     

PGI、PGⅡ在胃癌组织中的表达及意义

目的：研究胃蛋白酶原I(PGI)、胃蛋白酶原Ⅱ(PGⅡ)在胃癌组织中的表达及意义。方法：将我院2011 年5 月至2013年10月 收治的上消化道疾病患者243 例纳入研究,根据胃镜及病理组织学结果,按照胃癌、慢性萎缩性胃炎、慢性非萎缩性胃炎、不典型 增生以及胃溃疡分为5 组,对照组为57 名来我院检查的健康的人群。应用酶联免疫法测定各组血清PGI、PGⅡ的含量并计算胃 蛋白酶原比值(PGR),比较胃癌患者手术前后血清PGI、PGⅡ的含量以及PGR,并通过ROC曲线下面积评价血清PGI、PGⅡ以及 PGR 诊断胃癌的效能。结果：与对照组比较,胃溃疡组PG I、PG II均明显升高,PGR 降低(P<0.05),慢性萎缩性胃炎组、不典型增生 组及胃癌组PGI、PGR均明显降低(P<0.05);与慢性萎缩性胃炎组比较,不典型增生组和胃癌组PGR 显著降低(P<0.05)。手术治疗 后,胃癌患者血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ含量较手术前明显下降(P＜0.05)。血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ以及PGR含量诊断胃癌的ROC 曲线下面积依 次为0.779、0.920 以及0.991。结论：胃癌患者血清PGI、PGR均明显降低,二者可用于初步筛查胃癌。     

Mammalian-like differentiation of gastric cells in the shark Hexanchus griseus

Summary Gastric glands of submammalian vertebrates are formed by one single cell type known as the oxyntopeptic cell. This cell secretes both hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen. In mammals, this cell differentiates into an acid secreting cell and a pepsinogen secreting one. In the elasmobranch fish Hexanchus griseus we observed, by means of histological studies at the light-and electron-microscopic levels, two different cell types for the secretion of acid and zymogen. This organization represents an evolutionary divergence in a primitive animal, i.e., the appearance of a feature that is acquired much later in evolution, in mammals.     

Heterotypic induction of stomach-like glands in the urogenital sinus endoderm under the influence of stomach mesenchyme of foetal rats

Summary Urogenital sinus endoderm of 16.5-day rat foetuses was combined with stomach mesenchyme and the recombinants were either treated with testosterone and grown in vitro or cultured beneath the kidney capsule of adult male rats of the same strain. It was found that testosterone stimulated mitosis in the urogenital endoderm. In recombinants grown under the kidney capsule a stratified squamous epithelium and stomach-like glands were induced under the influence of the forestomach and glandular stomach mesenchymes. However, the induced glands expressed neither rat pepsinogen nor rat ventral prostatic antigen. They did not produce mRNA for the prostatic steroid-binding protein C1. Thus, stomach mesenchyme of rat foetuses induces organ-specific morphogenesis but not functional differentiation in the heterologous endoderm, indicating that cytodifferentiation does not always accompany morphogenesis.     

荆花胃康胶丸联合标准四联疗法对Hp相关十二指肠溃疡患者血清肽类胃肠激素、胃蛋白酶原和炎症介质的影响

摘要 目的：探讨荆花胃康胶丸联合标准四联疗法对幽门螺杆菌（Hp）相关十二指肠溃疡（DU）患者血清肽类胃肠激素、胃蛋白酶原和炎症介质的影响。方法：选择2019年3月~2021年11月期间我院收治的Hp相关DU患者103例。按随机数字表法,将其分为对照组（标准四联疗法治疗,51例）和联合组（荆花胃康胶丸联合标准四联疗法治疗,52例）。对比两组疗效、Hp清除率、血清肽类胃肠激素[胃泌素（GAS）、胃动素（MTL）、 生长抑素（SS）和降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）]、胃蛋白酶原[胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ（PGⅠ）、胃蛋白酶原Ⅱ（PGⅡ）]和炎症介质[白介素-8（IL-8）、白介素-1β（IL-1β）、转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）],统计两组用药安全性。结果：联合组的临床总有效率、Hp清除率高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗后血清IL-8、IL-1β、TGF-β1、PGⅠ、PGⅡ、GAS、MTL水平均下降,且联合组的下降程度大于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗后SS、CGRP均升高,且联合组的升高程度大于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比未见显著差异（P>0.05）。结论：荆花胃康胶丸联合标准四联疗法可通过提高Hp清除率、改善Hp相关DU患者的血清肽类胃肠激素、胃蛋白酶原和炎症介质水平,来进一步提高临床疗效。     

健康体检人群幽门螺杆菌感染的影响因素分析及对糖脂代谢和血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ和G-17的影响

摘要 目的：分析健康体检人群幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染的影响因素,并探讨Hp感染对糖脂代谢和血清胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ（PGⅠ）、胃蛋白酶原Ⅱ（PGⅡ）和胃泌素17（G-17）的影响。方法：选择2017年1月~2019年12月期间在我院进行Hp检查的117例健康体检者进行问卷调查,分析其Hp感染情况,并应用多因素Logistic回归分析健康体检人群Hp感染的影响因素。将体检者分为Hp阳性组和Hp阴性组,对比两组血糖、血脂指标以及血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ、G-17水平。结果：117例受试体检者中Hp阳性49例,阳性率为41.88%,其中男性感染率为50.85%（30/59）,显著高于女性感染率的32.76%（19/58）（x²=10.537,P=0.001）。不同年龄体检者Hp阳性率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。不同学历体检者Hp阳性率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,饮酒、经常喝生水、经常在外就餐、经常吃辛辣食物、有家人Hp感染史是健康体检人群Hp感染的危险因素（P＜0.05）。Hp阳性组的空腹血糖（FPG）、甘油三脂（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）水平均高于Hp阴性组,而高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）水平则低于Hp阴性组（P＜0.05）。Hp阳性组的血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ、G-17水平均高于Hp阴性组（P＜0.05）。结论：饮酒、经常喝生水、经常在外就餐、经常吃辛辣食物、有家人Hp感染史是健康体检人群Hp感染的危险因素,糖脂代谢及血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ、G-17水平变化与Hp感染有关。