利用IL—3／GM—CSF融合蛋白（PIXY—321）扩增脐血造血细胞方…

利用单克隆抗体免疫磁珠吸附方法脐血ＣＤ３４＋细胞,并观察了ＩＬ－３／ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ融合蛋白（ＰＩＸＹ－３２１）对脐血ＣＤ３４＋细胞的刺激作用。ＰＩＸＹ－３２１对脐血ＣＤ３４＋细胞扩增作用大于ＩＬ－３和ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ单独及联合应用,在液体培养条件下,每毫升２０ｎｇＰＩＸＹ－３２１可有效地扩增脐血造血祖细胞,适宜扩增时间为５－８天,扩增后造血细胞的数量可达扩增前的８－１０倍,从而初步建立了一种简单可行的脐     

人骨髓CD34^＋造血细胞体外扩增形成HPP—CFC造血祖细胞的能力

目的和方法：高增殖潜能集落形成细胞（ＨＰＰＣＦＣ）是表达ＣＤ３４＋ＤＲＬｉｎ－的最早期造血祖细胞之一,它在体外的增殖分化能力可反映造血干细胞的某些特征。结果：本文研究了人正常骨髓ＣＤ３４＋造血细胞在体外扩增和形成ＨＰＰＣＦＣ的能力。利用ＣＩＭＳ１００免疫磁性分离术首先获得＞９０％的ＣＤ３４＋造血细胞以富集ＨＰＰＣＦＣ。在含有Ｅｐｏ＋ＧＭＣＳＦ＋ＩＬ３＋ＩＬ６＋ＳＣＦ（简ＥＧＩＩＳ）的无基质液培条件下,ＣＤ３４＋造血细胞在四周内可持续产生单个核细胞和ＨＰＰＣＦＣ,并使其总量最高可达１７７０倍和８倍,以第２和３周为最佳时期,但不同个体ＣＤ３４＋造血细胞的这种能力差别较大。结论：高度纯化的人骨髓ＣＤ３４＋造血细胞能够在含有最佳组合造血生长因子的无基质液培条件下持续扩增,为临床应用提供了重要依据。     

GM－CSF和IL－3对脐带血CD34~＋细胞植入骨髓基质的促进作用

利用抗ＣＤ３４单克隆抗体吸附磁性微球的方法分离纯化脐带血ＣＤ３４＋细胞，将其种入照射后的成年骨髓基质。比较ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ、ＩＬ－３及两者的联合对植入效率的促进作用。结果表明：经２ｈ铺展贴壁后，对照组只有３６％的ＣＤ３４＋细胞植入基质，而生长因子预处理组则有６８—８９．６％的ＣＤ３４＋细胞植入基质。在长期液体培养体系中则显示了植入ＣＤ３４＋细胞多的处理组造血重建快速而持久。表明ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ和ＩＬ－３预处理将明显提高脐带血移植效率。     

GM—CSF和IL—3对脐带血CD34＋细胞植入骨髓基质的促进作用

利用抗ＣＤ３４单克隆抗体吸附磁性微球的方法分离纯化脐带血ＣＤ３４＾＋细胞,将其种入照射后的成年骨髓基质。比较ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ、ＩＬ－３及两者的联合对植入效率的促进作用。结果表明：经２ｈ铺展贴壁后,对照组只有３６％的ＣＤ３４＾＋细胞植入基质,而生长因子预处理组则有６８－８９．６％的ＣＤ３４＾＋细胞植入基质。在长期液体培养体系中则显示了植入ＣＤ３４＾＋细胞多的处理组造血重建快速而持久。表明ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ     

FL对脐血造血细胞长期液体培养的影响

用脐血进行干细胞移植有许多优点,但有一个主要的缺点是可获得的细胞数量有限,因此脐血干细胞的体外扩增对于其临床应用具有重要意义。考察了Ｆｌｔ－３配体（ＦＬ）和干细胞因子（ＳＣＦ）,白介素３（ＩＬ－３）,ＩＬ－６,粒细胞集落刺激因子（Ｇ－ＣＳＦ）,粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）的组合对脐血细胞扩增和分化的影响,培养４２ｄ,总细胞最多扩增了３８５．３０±１６３．５１倍（ＦＬ＋ＳＣＦ＋Ｇ－ＣＳ     

重组IL－6与IL－3或／和GM－CSF合用对正常BN大鼠粒单系体外造血的调控效应

本研究探讨了重组人ＩＬ－６与大鼠ＩＬ－３和／或小鼠ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ结合对正常ＢＮ大鼠粒单系体外造血的调控效应。结果表明,ＩＬ－６在１０００－４０００Ｕ／ｍｌ呈剂量依赖性刺激粒系造血祖细胞集落形成及骨髓细胞的ＤＮＡ合成,集落以ＧＭ型为主,其刺激活性低于ＩＬ－３或ＣＭ－ＣＳＦ。ｌＬ－６与ＩＬ－３和／或ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ的结合对粒单系集落形成及ＤＮＡ合成无协同或相加作用,甚至出现拮抗效应,但却显著增大集落。提示ＩＬ－６可能具有双向调控作用,促进早期造血细胞的增殖,拮抗其它因子对晚期粒单系造血的刺激作用;具有重叠生物效应的这３种细胞因子在调控造血时,它们之间的相互作用应是顺序的而不是同时的。     

重组IL—6与IL—3或／和GM—CSF合用对正常NB大鼠粒单系体外…

本研究探讨了重组人ＩＬ－６与大鼠ＩＬ－３和／或小鼠ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ结合对正常ＢＮ大鼠粒单系体外造血的调控效应。结果表明,ＩＬ－６在１０００－４０００Ｕ／ｍｌ呈剂量依赖性刺激粒系造血祖细胞集落形成及骨髓细胞的ＤＮＡ合成,集落以ＧＭ型为主,其刺激活性低于ＩＬ－３或ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ。ＩＬ－６与ＩＬ－３和或ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ的结合对粒单系集落形成及ＤＮＡ合成无协同或相加作用,甚至出现拮抗效应,但却显著增大集落,提示ＩＬ     

rhGM—CSF对人骨髓粒单祖细胞集落形成及U937细胞分化的影响

本文应用造血祖细胞体外培养技术研究了重组人粒细胞－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ｒｈＧＭ—ＣＳＦ）对正常人骨髓粒单祖细胞集落（ＣＦＵ—ＧＭ）形成的影响,结果表明ｒｈＧＭ—ＣＳＦ在体外能促进细胞集落的形成,此种效应在一定范围内呈剂量依赖关系,与ＬＥＵＣＯＭＡＸ各剂量组相比无显著性差异。采用ＮＢＴ还原试验和ＡＰＡＡＰ法观察了ｒｈＧＭ—ＣＳＦ对Ｕ９３７细胞分化的影响,结果显示ｒｈＧＭ—ＣＳＦ能抑制Ｕ９３７细胞的增殖,促进其分化,部分细胞具有ＮＢＴ还原能力,ＣＤ１１６阳性细胞数增加。     

小鼠胎肝基质细胞系MFLC自发分泌多种细胞因子

在无外源刺激条件征,我室所建小鼠胎肝基质细胞系ＭＦＬＣ可自发分泌多处类型细胞因子,其中ＩＬ－６及化学趋化因了水平较高,ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ较低,但示检测到ＩＬ－３及ＩＬ－７活性,引细胞上清对小鼠骨髓造血干细胞有明显的促集落形成效应。并呈现剂量依赖关系,所形成的集落以ＣＦＵ－ＧＭＭ及ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ为主,此细胞上清还促进５－Ｆｕ耐受小鼠骨髓造血干细胞的集落形成,提示上清中存在ＳＣＦ样活性成份。上述结果表明,ＭＦ     

SOD对骨髓造血祖细胞在4°C条件下保存损伤的防护作用

为了探讨抗氧化剂对造血干细胞在低温条件下损伤的防护作用,将小鼠骨髓细胞置于４℃条件下保存,观察在保养液中加入不同浓度的Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、ＳＯＤ对细胞死伤的防护效果和马血清对细胞回收率的影响。结果表明,含２０％的马血清保养液中加入ＳＯＤ１．６５Ｕ或０．１６５Ｕ／ｍｌ,保存３天,ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ、ＣＦＵ－Ｅ、ＢＦＵ－Ｅ、ＣＦＵ－Ｍｅｇ、ＣＦＵ－Ｍｉｘ的产率分别为对照组（不加ＳＯＤ）的６．２、２．６、２．９、４．０和５．１倍,明显提高了造血祖细胞的活存率,其中ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ和ＣＦＵ－Ｍｉｘ达到保存前水平。ＳＯＤ的有效作用机理不是对造血祖细胞增殖调控作用,而是防护了细胞的死亡。这可能与其清除过氧自由基的抗氧化作用有密切关系。     

脐血造血细胞的体外扩增：2.造血细胞生长因子和培养液更换的作用

研究了造血干细胞生长因子、白介素-3、白介素-6、粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子、粒细胞集落刺激因子及红细胞生成素对脐血造血细胞体外培养的影响及其剂量关系,考察了造血细胞因子单独与联合作用对造血细胞体外培养的影响,证实细胞因子组合使用比细胞因子单独使用效果更好,发现SCF+IL-3+IL-6+GM-CSF+G-CSF+EPO组合对总细胞扩增最佳,SCF+IL-3+IL6+GM-CSF组合对CFU-GM扩增最佳。实验发现培养液更换可大大提高脐血造血细胞总数和祖细胞数产出。在每天更换50%培养液下,脐血总细胞数在第三周扩增了27倍,祖细胞数扩增了21倍。     

Optimization of primary culture condition for mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood with factorial design

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can not only support the expansion of hematopoietic stem cells in vitro, but also alleviate complications and accelerate recovery of hematopoiesis during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, it proved challenging to culture MSCs from umbilical cord blood (UCB) with a success rate of 20–30%. Many cell culture parameters contribute to this outcome and hence optimization of culture conditions is critical to increase the probability of success. In this work, fractional factorial design was applied to study the effect of cell inoculated density, combination and dose of cytokines, and presence of serum and stromal cells. The cultured UCB‐MSC‐like cells were characterized by flow cytometry and their multilineage differentiation potentials were tested. The optimal protocol was identified achieving above 90% successful outcome: 2 × 10⁶ cells/mL mononuclear cells inoculated in Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium supplied with 10% FBS, 15 ng/mL IL‐3, and 5 ng/mL Granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF). Moreover, the UCB‐MSC‐like cells expressed MSC surface markers of CD13, CD29, CD105, CD166, and CD44 positively, and CD34, CD45, and human leukocyte antigens‐DR (HLA‐DR) negatively. Meanwhile, these cells could differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes similarly to MSCs derived from bone marrow. In conclusion, we have developed an efficient protocol for the primary culture of UCB‐MSCs by adding suitable cytokines into the culture system. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009     

MERP1: a mammalian ependymin-related protein gene differentially expressed in hematopoietic cells

We have utilized differential display polymerase chain reaction to investigate the gene expression of hematopoietic progenitor cells from adult bone marrow and umbilical cord blood. A differentially expressed gene was identified in CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells, with low expression in CD34- cells. We have obtained the full coding sequence of this gene which we designated human mammalian ependymin-related protein 1 (MERP1). Expression of MERP1 was found in a variety of normal human tissues, and is 4- and 10-fold higher in adult bone marrow and umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells, respectively, compared to CD34- cells. Additionally, MERP1 expression in a hematopoietic stem cell enriched population was down-regulated with proliferation and differentiation. Conceptual translation of the MERP1 open reading frame reveals significant homology to two families of glycoprotein calcium-dependant cell adhesion molecules: ependymins and protocadherins.     

Pre-clinical development of cord blood-derived progenitor cell graft expanded ex vivo with cytokines and the polyamine copper chelator tetraethylenepentamine

BACKGROUND: We have previously demonstrated that the copper chelator tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) enables preferential expansion of early hematopoietic progenitor cells (CD34+CD38-, CD34+CD38-Lin-) in human umbilical cord blood (CB)-derived CD34+ cell cultures. This study extends our previous findings that copper chelation can modulate the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. METHODS: In the present study we established a clinically applicative protocol for large-scale ex vivo expansion of CB-derived progenitors. Briefly, CD133+ cells, purified from CB using Miltenyi Biotec's (Bergisch Gladbach, Germany) CliniMACS separation device and the anti-CD133 reagent, were cultured for 3 weeks in a clinical-grade closed culture bag system, using the chelator-based technology in combination with early-acting cytokines (SCF, thrombopoietin, IL-6 and FLT-3 ligand). This protocol was evaluated using frozen units derived from accredited cord blood banks. RESULTS: Following 3 weeks of expansion under large-scale culture conditions that were suitable for clinical manufacturing, the median output value of CD34+ cells increase by 89-fold, CD34+CD38- increase by 30-fold and CFU cells (CFUc) by 172-fold over the input value. Transplantation into sublethally irradiated non-obese diabetic (NOD/SCID) mice indicated that the engraftment potential of the ex vivo expanded CD133+ cells was significantly superior to that of unexpanded cells: 60+/-5.5% vs. 21+/-3.5% CD45+ cells, P=0.001, and 11+/-1.8% vs. 4+/-0.68% CD45+CD34+ cells, P=0.012, n=32, respectively. DISCUSSION: Based on these large-scale experiments, the chelator-based ex vivo expansion technology is currently being tested in a phase 1 clinical trial in patients undergoing CB transplantation for hematological malignancies.     

Wnt3a 转基因基质细胞的建立及其对脐血CD34+ 造血干/祖细胞扩增作用的研究

Wnt 信号通路在造血干/祖细胞自我更新的过程中发挥至关重要的作用 . 纯化的 Wnt3a 蛋白可以实现造血干/祖细胞的扩增 . 通过病毒转染原代小鼠骨髓基质细胞,建立转基因滋养层细胞 . 通过共培养对转基因滋养层细胞扩增 CD34+ 造血干/祖细胞的作用进行了研究 . 实验结果显示 , 与普通滋养层加细胞因子组相比,经转基因滋养层加细胞因子组培养的 CD34+造血干/祖细胞集落形成能力 (CFC) 是其 (1.55±0.06) 倍;混合集落形成能力是其 (1.95±0.26) 倍;高增殖潜能集落形成能力 (HPP-CFC) 是其 (1.45±0.40) 倍; LTC-IC 活性是其 (3.83±0.86) 倍 . 结果表明,转基因滋养层细胞通过分泌具有天然活性的 Wnt3a 蛋白能在体外有效地扩增造血干/祖细胞的数量 .     

Placental/umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell-like stromal cells support hematopoietic recovery of X-irradiated human CD34+ cells

AimsThe potential of human mesenchymal stem cell-like stroma prepared from placental/umbilical cord blood for hematopoietic regeneration by X-irradiated hematopoietic stem cells is herein assessed.Main methodsPlacental/umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell-like stromal cells were applied to a regenerative ex vivo expansion of X-irradiated human CD34⁺ cells in a serum-free liquid culture supplemented with a combination of interleukine-3 plus stem cell factor plus thrombopoietin.Key findingsThe total number of cells and of lineage-committed myeloid hematopoietic progenitor cells generated in the co-culture of both non-irradiated and X-irradiated cells with stromal cells was significantly higher than those in the stroma-free culture. In addition, the number of CD34⁺ cells and CD34⁺/CD38^? cells, immature hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells also increased more than the stroma-free culture. The stromal cells produced various types of cytokines, although there was little difference between the co-cultures of non-irradiated and X-irradiated cells with stromal cells. Furthermore, when X-irradiated cells came in contact with stromal cells for 16 h before cytokine stimulation, a similar degree of hematopoiesis was observed, thus suggesting the critical role of cell-to-cell interaction.SignificanceThe present results showed the potential efficacy of human mesenchymal stem cell-like stroma for hematopoietic regeneration from irradiated hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells.     

低能量激光与集落刺激因子对人脐带血造血细胞的增殖作用

本研究用铜蒸气激光照射人脐带带血造血细胞,观察低能量激光与集落因子对造血细胞的增殖作用。结果显示激光加ＣＳＦ对造血细胞ＧＭ－ＣＦＵｃ有协同增殖作用,与单用激光照射组,ＣＳＦ刺激组及对照组相比,有非常显著性差异。     

不同降温速率对脐血干细胞冷冻复苏后生物学特性的影响

考察了不同降温速率对脐血造血干细胞各种生物学特性的影响。在4℃～-40℃的降温范围内,分别选择-0.5℃/min, -1℃/min, -5℃/min的降温速率进行降温,对复苏后的脐血单个核细胞的回收率、活性和CD34+含量的变化以及BFU-E、CFUGM和CFU-MK集落的回收率进行了考察,发现在-1℃/min的降温速率下,脐血MNC回收率可达93.3%±1.8%,活性可达95.0%±3.9%, CD34^＋细胞回收率达80.0%±17.9%,BFUE回收率为87.1%±5.5%,CFUGM回收率达88.5%±8.9%,CFUMK的回收率也达到86.2%±7.4%。并且对复苏后的细胞进一步进行体外培养,发现在-1℃/min的降温速率下复苏的细胞仍然具有与未经冷冻细胞相似的扩增能力,而-0.5℃/min和-5℃/min这两种降温速率条件下复苏的细胞与未经冷冻的细胞相比差距较大。因而-1℃/min的降温速率对冻存脐血干细胞比较合适。     

Ex vivo expansion of primitive hematopoietic cells for cellular therapies: An overview

Sources of hematopoietic cells for bone marrow transplantation are limited by the supply of compatible donors, the possibility of viral infection, and autologous (patient) marrow that is depleted from prior chemo- or radiotherapy or has cancerous involvement. Anex vivo system to amplify hematopoietic progenitor cells could increase the number of patients eligible for autologous transplant, allow use of cord blood hematopoietic cells to repopulate an adult, reduce the amount of bone marrow and/or mobilized peripheral blood stem and progenitor cells required for transplantation, and reduce the time to white cell and platelet engraftment. The cloning of hematopoietic growth factors and the identification of appropriate conditions has enabled the development of successfulex vivo hematopoietic cell cultures. Purification systems based on the CD34 marker (which is expressed by the most primitive hematopoietic cells) have proven an essential tool for research and clinical applications. Present methods for hematopoietic cultures (HC) on stromal (i.e. accessory cells that support hematopoiesis) layers in flasks lack a well-controlled growth environment. Several bioreactor configurations have been investigated, and a first generation of reactors and cultures has reached the clinical trial stage. Our research suggests that perfusion conditions improve substantially the performance of hematopoietic reactors. We have designed and tested a perfusion bioreactor system which is suitable for the culture of non-adherent cells (without stromal cells) and readily scaleable for clinical therapies. Eliminating the stromal layer eliminates the need for a stromal cell donor, reduces culture time, and simplifies the culture system. In addition, we have compared the expansion characteristics of both mononuclear and CD34⁺ cells, since the latter are frequently assumed to give a superior performance for likely transplantation therapies.Abbreviations BFU0-E burst forming unit-erythroid - BM bone marrow - CB cord blood - CFU-C colony forming unit-culture - CFU-E colony forming unit-erythroid - CFU-F colony forming unit-fibroblast - CFU-GEMM colony forming unit-granulocyte, erythroid, macrophage, megakaryocyte - CFU-GM colony forming unit-granulocyte, macrophage - CFU-Mix colony forming unit-mixed (also known as CFU-GEMM) - CML chronic myeloid leukemia - CSF colony stimulating factor - DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide - ECM extracellular matrix - EPO erythropoietin - FL fetal liver - HC hematopoietic culture - LTBMC long-term bone marrow culture - LTC-IC long-term culture initiating cell - LTHC long-term hematopoietic culture - MNC mononuclear cells - PB peripheral blood