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《天然产物研究与开发》2017,(4)
<正>青霉属(Eupenicillium)真菌作为有性型青霉属的重要分支之一,种类多样,目前已收载了62种。研究发现,该属真菌的次生代谢产物种类多样,具有丰富的化学多样性。本文从菌株来源、化合物结构及其生物活性等方面,综述了自1974年第一个正青霉属真菌天然产物到2016年9月已报道的共66个正青霉属真菌来源的重要天然产物,且50%的化合物表现出细胞毒、抑菌、抗氧化和抗寄生虫等生物活性,为药物的研发提供了潜在的先导化合物,具有很好的研究及药用开发价值。 相似文献
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《天然产物研究与开发》2017,(12)
小球腔菌可引发油菜黑胫病等给农业造成严重的经济损失。该属真菌的次级代谢产物研究开始较早,化合物分离工作主要围绕黑胫病致病菌株,研究发现该属真菌的次级代谢产物十分丰富,许多化学结构新颖、具有显著生物活性的化合物均被发现。为使该属的真菌资源得到充分的开发与利用,本文对40多年来报道的小球腔菌属次级代谢产物的化学及其生物学活性进行了较为全面的综述。 相似文献
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淡紫拟青霉是子囊菌门、肉座菌目、蛇形虫草科、Purpureocillium属的一种丝状真菌。它是一种广谱性很强的生防菌,不仅对植物寄生线虫、蚜虫、红蜘蛛、温室粉虱和切叶蚁等有很好的防治作用,而且对多种植物病原真菌、细菌乃至病毒也有抑制作用。淡紫拟青霉分泌的几丁质酶与丝氨酸蛋白酶能够降解线虫表皮的蛋白质和几丁质组成成分,利于侵入并破坏细胞成分;也能内生于植物,产生效应物对其它真菌产生拮抗作用;也能定殖于植物根际,产生次级代谢产物,对真菌、线虫等产生抑杀作用。目前对淡紫拟青霉次级代谢产物的研究主要有非核糖体肽类、生物碱及聚酮化合物等的合成调控、活性作用和分子结构确定。淡紫拟青霉所产的非核糖体肽类化合物有白灰制菌素A和B,生物碱有拟青霉酰胺,聚酮化合物有Acremoxanthone C和Acremonidin A。综述了淡紫拟青霉次级代谢产物的研究进展,讨论了淡紫拟青霉次级代谢产物的研究意义,最后展望了淡紫拟青霉的研究前景,以期为相关研究者了解淡紫拟青霉提供参考。 相似文献
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低温型真菌抗肿瘤活性次级代谢产物研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
真菌栖息生境及物种的多样性使其次级代谢产物化学结构和生物活性呈多样性特点,结构与功能多样的真菌次级代谢产物已成为新药先导化合物发现的重要资源。低温型真菌因其独特而恶劣的生存环境进化出特有的适冷特性及代谢途径,使其产生结构新颖、活性显著的次级代谢产物的几率大大提升,已成为药物研发的热点领域。近年来,研究者陆续从高海拔地区、南北极地和深海地带等低温生境分离鉴定出上百种结构新颖的次级代谢产物,并显示出抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗病毒和免疫调节等多种活性。本文对近10年来源于上述生境的低温型真菌抗肿瘤活性次级代谢产物的研究进展进行综述,为其用于创制抗肿瘤新药提供新思路。 相似文献
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《天然产物研究与开发》2021,(2)
甘草作为使用广泛的根茎入药中药材,其自身复杂的微环境蕴藏了丰富的微生物资源,是未被充分发掘的新结构、新机制抗菌活性天然产物资源库。本文主要聚焦内蒙、甘肃和宁夏甘草中内生真菌,经过表观形态学特征分析,结合ITS-rDNA共获得134株真菌,其归属于16个属,显示出较好的真菌群落多样性,同时还发现青霉和曲霉属为各地甘草内生真菌的优势菌属。对所得内生真菌静置发酵后获得的代谢粗提物,利用纸片扩散法进行抗菌活性筛选与分析,发现其中35株真菌次级代谢产物具有广谱的抗菌活性。对比HPLC-UV指纹图谱分析结果,发现多个内生真菌的次级代谢产物中具有系列紫外吸收的天然产物。本研究表明,不同产地的甘草来源内生真菌群落具有丰富的多样性和良好的抗菌活性,预示着潜在的新颖抗菌天然产物研究价值。 相似文献
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深海来源真菌次级代谢产物研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
深海环境复杂多样,微生物为了适应这种极端环境往往会形成独特的代谢途径,进而产生一些具有某种生理活性的结构新颖的次级代谢产物。真菌作为深海环境中的重要微生物类群之一,因其次级代谢产物出新率高、生物活性显著,近年来成为海洋天然产物研究的焦点,倍受研究者关注。本文综述了2004-2017年间发表的217个深海(50 m)真菌来源的新颖次级代谢产物,其来源菌株广泛分布在真菌18个属,主要集中在Penicillium属(30%)、Aspergillus属(24%)、Spiromastix属(13%)和Acremonium属(7%);其结构类型包括聚酮类(99个)、生物碱类(54个)、萜类(50个)、肽类(11个)、其他类(3个);活性研究主要集中在细胞毒性、抗菌、抗病毒、抗污损等方面。 相似文献
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Many secondary metabolites (e.g. antibiotics and mycotoxins) are toxic to the microorganisms that produce them. The clusters of genes that are responsible for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites frequently contain genes for resistance to these toxic metabolites, such as different types of multiple drug resistance systems, to avoid suicide of the producer strains. Recently there has been research into the efflux systems of secondary metabolites in bacteria and in filamentous fungi, such as the large number of ATP-binding cassette transporters found in antibiotic-producing Streptomyces species and that are involved in penicillin secretion in Penicillium chrysogenum. A different group of efflux systems, the major facilitator superfamily exporters, occur very frequently in a variety of bacteria that produce pigments or antibiotics (e.g. the cephamycin and thienamycin producers) and in filamentous fungi that produce mycotoxins. Such efflux systems include the CefT exporters that mediate cephalosporin secretion in Acremonium chrysogenum. The evolutionary origin of these efflux systems and their relationship with current resistance determinants in pathogenic bacteria has been analyzed. Genetic improvement of the secretion systems of secondary metabolites in the producer strain has important industrial applications. 相似文献
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从莪术内生真菌常现青霉EF03和巴恩青霉EF11的发酵产物中分离到抗癌药物β-榄香烯。在莪术的微生态系统中,由于内生真菌长期与植物相互作用,可能发生了"基因水平传递"。从而产生与宿主植物相同或相似的次生代谢产物。 相似文献
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为探究杜比亚蟑螂体内共生真菌种类,测定共生真菌次生代谢产物的抑菌活性和抗氧化活性,筛选出具有抗菌和抗氧化活性的菌株,本研究采用组织块分离法分离杜比亚蟑螂体内的共生真菌,通过形态学和分子生物学相结合的方法对分离到的共生真菌进行鉴定;分别采用薄层层析-生物自显影法和DPPH法测定共生真菌次生代谢产物的抗细菌活性和抗氧化活性。结果表明,从杜比亚蟑螂体内共分离鉴定得到5种不同的共生真菌,主要分布于青霉属(1株)、曲霉属(3株)和聚孢霉属(1株)。活性测定的结果表明,菌株Bdf-2、Bdf-4和Bdf-5表现出较好的抗菌活性,且菌液提取物的抗菌活性要强于菌丝。Bdf-1,Bdf-2和Bdf-3菌液次生代谢产物表现出抗氧化活性,IC 50值分别为0.26 mg/mL、2.20 mg/mL和0.75 mg/mL。杜比亚蟑螂共生真菌以青霉属和曲霉属为主,且具有抗菌和抗氧化活性的次生代谢产物主要分布于菌液中。 相似文献
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Bioactive natural metabolites, especially from the marine endophytic fungi, are largely unexplored. Endophytic fungi are being increasingly recognized as a group of organisms that produce novel metabolites of industrial importance. This study investigated the anticancer and antibacterial potential of the marine algal endophyte, Penicillium chrysogenum. The different organic solvent extracts of the endophytic fungi grown on different growth medium were analyzed for anticancer and antibacterial activities. The highest inhibitory activity was observed for the ethyl acetate (EA) extract of the culture filtrate grown in potato dextrose broth (PDB) for 21 days, against the tested human breast cancer cell (MCF-7) line. Similarly, the PDB-EA extract showed an appreciable activity against the human pathogens. The biochemical analysis of the Cha EA metabolites revealed terpenoids, steroids, phenolics and flavones. Gas Chromatography (GCMS) data revealed several bioactive compounds such as anthraquinone and cinnamic acid. The Cha EA extract induced membrane damage and thus, apoptosis in MCF-7cells. The secondary metabolites produced by these marine endophytic fungi have contributed to considerable anticancer and antimicrobial activities and hence, this study is an evidence of potential sources of antimicrobial and anticancer compounds from Penicillium chrysogenum. 相似文献
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Antibacterial activity of marine-derived fungi 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Christophersen Carsten Crescente Oscar Frisvad Jens C. Gram Lone Nielsen Joan Nielsen Per Halfdan Rahbæk Lisa 《Mycopathologia》1998,143(3):135-138
A total of 227 marine isolates of ubiqituous fungi were cultivated on different media and the secondary metabolite content
of the extracts (ethyl acetate/chloroform/methanol 3 : 2 : 1) characterized by HPLC. The fungi were secured from animals,
plants and sediments of Venezuelan waters (0–10 m) including mangroves and lagoonal areas. The extracts were tested for antibacterial
activity. A total of 7 were active towards Vibrio parahaemolyticus and 55 towards Staphylococcus aureus, representing 18 different
fungal species from 8 ascomycetous genera. For 61 strains of Penicillium citrinum antibacterial activity correlated well with
content of secondary metabolites as measured by HPLC. Thirteen isolates of Penicillium steckii produced very similar profiles
of secondary metabolites and 6 of these had activity against either V. parahaemolyticus or S. aureus or both.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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草原与荒漠植物内生真菌是一类特殊生境真菌类群,由于其独特的生存与生态环境,该类真菌在进化的过程中产生出具有不同生态与生物功能的次生代谢产物。相对于其他植物内生真菌而言,该类真菌化学研究相对薄弱与零散,但是目前仍然从这类特殊生境真菌类群中发现了大量结构新颖、活性独特并具有不同化学生态与生物功能的次生代谢产物。本文主要从化学结构角度综述近年来从草原与荒漠植物内生真菌中分离的次生代谢产物(生物碱、聚酮、酚酸、萜类、环肽等5类结构)、药理活性(抗病毒,免疫调节,促进骨髓增殖,细胞毒及Hsp90抑制剂活性等)与化学生态功能活性(杀虫、拒食与动物神经毒活性等),拟为该类特殊生境真菌类群次生代谢产物进一步开发提供研究基础与理论依据,同时对该领域研究存在的问题进行分析与探讨并提出展望。 相似文献
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丝状真菌产生的次级代谢产物是新药的重要来源之一,其生物合成过程受到众多因素的调控。最近的研究表明,表观遗传对多种丝状真菌次级代谢产物的生物合成具有调控作用。DNA和组蛋白的甲基化与乙酰化修饰是目前所知的丝状真菌主要的表观遗传调控形式。通过过表达或缺失相关表观修饰基因和利用小分子表观遗传试剂改变丝状真菌染色体的修饰形式,不仅可以提高多种已知次级代谢产物产量,而且可以通过激活沉默的生物合成基因簇诱导丝状真菌产生新的未知代谢产物。丝状真菌表观遗传学正逐渐成为真菌菌株改良的新策略以及挖掘真菌次级代谢产物合成潜力的强有力手段。 相似文献
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Sanjay Saikia Matthew J. Nicholson Carolyn Young Emily J. Parker Barry Scott 《Mycological Research》2008,112(2):184
Indole-diterpenes are a structurally diverse group of secondary metabolites with a common cyclic diterpene backbone derived from geranylgeranyl diphosphate and an indole group derived from indole-3-glycerol phosphate. Different types and patterns of ring substitutions and ring stereochemistry generate this structural diversity. This group of compounds is best known for their neurotoxic effects in mammals, causing syndromes such as ‘ryegrass staggers’ in sheep and cattle. Because many of the fungi that synthesise these compounds form symbiotic relationships with plants, insects, and other fungi, the synthesis of these compounds may confer an ecological advantage to these associations. Considerable recent progress has been made on understanding indole-diterpene biosynthesis in filamentous fungi, principally through the cloning and characterisation of the genes and gene products for paxilline biosynthesis in Penicillium paxilli. Important insights into how the indole-diterpene backbone is synthesised and decorated have been obtained using P. paxilli mutants in this pathway. This review provides an overview of these recent developments. 相似文献
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Mycotoxins produced by seven strains of Penicillium vulpinum (formerly Penicillium claviforme) isolated from different sources were studied. The strains were characterized by specific profiles of secondary metabolites and produced mycotoxins of different structural types. In addition to toxins already known for this fungal species (patulin, roquefortine, 3,12-dihydroroquefortine, oxalin, viridicatin, cyclopenin, and alpha-cyclopiazonic acid), the strains studied also produced indolyl-3-acetic acid, griseofulvin, meleagrin, and cyclopeptin. 相似文献