紫花含笑(♀)×钙土含笑(♂)杂种F1代的离体繁殖(简报)

当年8月份至次年3月份采集紫花含笑(♀)×钙土含笑(♂)杂种F1代优良单株的顶芽和侧芽,置于H+0.25 mg·L-16-BA+0.125 mg·L-1NAA+0.10 mg·L-1KT+0.05 mg·L-1IAA上培养,不定芽诱导率可达115%;诱导的不定芽在H+0.3 mg·L-16-BA+0.3 mg·L-1KT培养基中增殖及生长较好.经过壮苗后的芽条在H+2.8 mg·L-1NAA上的生根率可达100%,且单株根数多,芽条生长健壮.间苯三酚(phloroglucino1)明显促进根的发生,但对根的后期生长有一定的抑制效应.组培苗移栽至红土腐殖土珍珠岩=111的混合基质中,60d时成活率可达90%左右.     

‘弥河银瓜’高效植株再生体系的建立

建立了以薄皮甜瓜品种‘弥河银瓜’子叶为外植体的高效再生体系。取生长5d的甜瓜子叶为外植体,置于MS+2.0mg·L-16-BA+0.5mg·L-1IBA+3.5%蔗糖+0.7%琼脂(pH5.8)的诱导培养基上培养,可获得100%芽分化频率。在不定芽伸长过程中,生长调节剂最佳浓度为0.5mg·L-16-BA+0.1mg·L-1IAA。潮霉素是较合适的筛选抗生素。     

紫花含笑(♀)×钙土含笑(♂)杂种F_1代的离体繁殖

当年8月份至次年3月份采集紫花含笑(♀)×钙土含笑(♂)杂种F1代优良单株的顶芽和侧芽,置于H+0.25mg·L-16-BA+0.125mg·L-1NAA+0.10mg·L-1KT+0.05mg·L-1IAA上培养,不定芽诱导率可达115%;诱导的不定芽在H+0.3mg·L-16-BA+0.3mg·L-1KT培养基中增殖及生长较好。经过壮苗后的芽条在H+2.8mg·L-1NAA上的生根率可达100%,且单株根数多,芽条生长健壮。间苯三酚(phloroglucinol)明显促进根的发生,但对根的后期生长有一定的抑制效应。组培苗移栽至红土:腐殖土:珍珠岩=1:1:1的混合基质中,60d时成活率可达90%左右。     

梨枣叶片和茎段再生体系的建立

用不同浓度配比的生长素和细胞分裂素诱导梨枣叶片和茎段愈伤组织的产生,并研究了不定芽诱导的最佳配方,建立了梨枣叶片和茎段的再生体系.结果表明,梨枣叶片愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基为MS+2,4-D 1.5 mg·L-1+6-BA 0.5 mg·L-1;茎段为MS+2,4-D 1.0 mg·L-1+6-BA 0.5 mg·L-1.叶片不定芽诱导的最佳培养基为MS+IBA 0.1 mg·L-1+6-BA 1.5 mg·L-1. AgNO3能阻止叶片外植体褐化并有效地促进叶片愈伤组织分化.茎段能在同一培养基上产生愈伤组织并直接分化出不定芽.     

秦岭野百合鳞片植株再生体系的建立

以鳞片为外植体,建立了秦岭野百合(LiliumbrowniiF.E.Brown)植株再生体系。结果表明愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基为MS+6-BA1.0mg·L-1+NAA0.1mg·L-1,最适继代培养基为MS+6-BA0.5mg·L-1+NAA0.1mg·L-1,幼苗根诱导的最适培养基为1/2MS+IBA0.3mg·L-1。随着培养时间的延长,生根率会不断提高,培养到30d,生根率可达100%。     

华西委陵菜的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称华西委陵菜(Potentilla potaniniiWolf)。2材料类别子叶和下胚轴。3培养条件以MS为基本培养基。(1)愈伤组织诱导培养基:MS+2,4-D0.5mg·L-1(单位下同);(2)芽分化培养基:MS+6-BA5.0+NAA1.0;(3)芽继代培养基:MS+6-BA5.0+NAA1.0+GA35.0;(4)生根培养基:1/2MS+IAA0.5+NAA1.0。上述培养基均添加3%蔗糖和0.7%琼脂,pH为5.8。培养温度为16和25℃,光强30μmol·m-2·s-1左右,光照时间12h·d-1。4生长与分化情况4.1愈伤组织的诱导将种子用70%乙醇浸泡30s,用0.1%升汞溶液灭菌10min,无菌蒸馏水清洗5次,接种于MS培养基上。取生长7d…     

坪山柚上胚轴离体再生体系的建立

以坪山柚(Citrus grandis Osbeck'Pingshanyou')无菌苗的上胚轴为外植体,研究了其离体培养和植株再生技术.结果表明:坪山柚上胚轴的形态学上部出芽能力最强,诱导不定芽的最佳培养基为:MS+6-BA 1.0 mgL-1+TDZ 0.05 mg L-1+NAA0.2 mg L-1+GA31.0 mg L-1+蔗糖40 g L-1,培养4周后不定芽诱导率为100%,平均不定芽数为8.35;最适生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA1.5 mg L-1,生根率为88.7%,平均生根6.4条;生根试管苗移栽30 d后成活率达90%.     

东方百合"索邦"的花器官培养与快速繁殖

以东方百合"索邦"(Lilium orential "Sorbonne")的花梗、花托、花瓣和花丝为外植体,进行了离体培养与快速繁殖研究.结果表明,4种花器官均可直接诱导产生不定芽,诱导不定芽的适宜培养基为N6+ BA 1.0 mg·L-1 + KT 1.0 mg·L-1 + NAA 0.2 mg·L-1;芽增殖的适宜培养基为MS+BA 1.0 mg·L-1 + NAA 0.1 mg·L-1;生根与小鳞茎增殖的适宜培养基为1/2 MS+IBA 0.1～0.2mg·L-1.适宜的移栽基质为珍珠岩与营养土(3∶1)的混合基质.     

利用丛生芽和愈伤组织微繁技术培养紫茎泽兰的研究

通过丛生芽直接增殖和愈伤组织再分化两条途径建立紫茎泽兰的无性系,可为进一步研究紫茎泽兰入侵的分子生态机制提供植物材料。结果表明:MS+BA2.0mg·L-1+NAA0.05mg·L-1为丛生芽增殖的最适培养基,MS+BA0.1mg·L-1+NAA0.1mg·L-1和MS+BA2.0mg·L-1+NAA0.2mg·L-1分别适于叶片愈伤组织的诱导和分化,而1/2MS+IAA0.1mg·L-1对生根最有利。     

中林美荷杨不定芽分化的因素分析与植株再生

对中林美荷杨进行组织培养,采用不同外植体为组织培养材料,以6-BA和NAA或IBA不同激素组合,比较1/2MS与MS不同盐浓度培养基诱导不定芽产生的情况。结果表明叶柄不定芽诱导优于茎段和叶片,茎段形成层不定芽诱导效果也较好。叶柄诱导不定芽的最佳培养基及激素组合是：1/2MS + 6-BA0.5 mg·L^-1+ NAA0.05 mg·L^-1,较MS基本培养基不定芽生长正常,芽诱导率高(76%),增殖倍数达4.7个/叶柄。通过不定芽的继代培养及壮苗、生根,形成完整植株,炼苗移栽成活率高。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.