基于BOPPPS+翻转课堂的“蛋白质工程”线上线下混合式教学模式探索

“蛋白质工程”是山西省一流本科专业建设点生物技术专业的核心必修课程。为了解决“蛋白质工程”课堂教学模式单一、传授式教学学生参与度不够、听课不认真、授课时间缩短、实验价格昂贵等问题,课程团队进行了“蛋白质工程”课程教学模式改革与实践,提出了适合生物技术专业的“蛋白质工程”教学新策略:构建了基于BOPPPS+翻转课堂的教学模式,线下课堂讲授与学生在线自主学习与完成作业、章节测验和讨论等相结合,全面融入翻转课堂;特别是在“金课”两性一度标准的指导下,课程团队自建慕课(massive open online courses,MOOC)课程资源,利用超星泛雅网络教学平台开展BOPPPS+翻转课堂的“蛋白质工程”线上线下混合式教学工作,构建了全面、系统及动态的“蛋白质工程”课程新教学体系。经过3轮的教学实践表明,课程团队在“蛋白质工程”课程资源建设、探究性实验辅导、课堂研讨设计,以及课程成绩评定方式等方面形成了一套完整、可复制、科学、合理的线上线下混合式教学模式。基于BOPPPS+翻转课堂的“蛋白质工程”线上线下混合式教学模式有助于提高学生的自主学习能力,使学生深度参与到教学的全过程,对“蛋白质工程”有了全面深刻的认识,提高了“蛋白质工程”的教学质量,为后续学生学习其他专业课程奠定了基础,也为课程教学改革提供了参考。     

基于微课的翻转课堂在医学微生物实验教学改革中的探索

近年来翻转课堂作为以学生为主体、教师为主导的教学方式逐渐被应用于大学本科教学。本文以目前医学微生物学实验教学中存在的问题为着眼点,介绍了本校以基于微课的翻转课堂进行医学微生物实验教学改革的基本方式和实施效果。相对于传统教学模式,教改后的新型教学模式能够切实提高教学质量,也为本校其他医学基础实验课教学改革提供了有益的经验。     

微生物生理学课程建设与教学改革体会

在一流本科人才培养中,打造一流"金课"要求严格围绕"两性一度"的标准,即"高阶性、创新性和挑战度"进行课程建设。南开大学国家级微生物学教学团队在"微生物生理学"课程已有的基础上,重新精心编排了教学内容,制作了微生物生理学在线课程。课程组利用在线课程开展了翻转课堂及线上线下的混合式教学,在课程内容上增加了难度,学生课上课下需要较多的时间进行学习和思考;课程内容上增加了前沿性和时代性;教学形式上则通过IT辅助教学工具等充分体现了教学方式的先进性和互动性;教学中严格把控课堂教学管理的各个环节,利用雨课堂、蓝墨、智慧树等新技术新手段进行辅助教学,包括考勤、课堂激活、课堂随堂测验、有效测评和总结等教学活动;通过开展互动式、探究式教学,组织学生进行高质量的课堂讨论,培养学生主动学习、主动思考和主动表达的能力;采用多元化的作业设计体系和课程考核方式,加大对学生学习的全过程考核,培养学生独立思考、学以致用的能力。该课程已成功在"中国大学慕课"平台上线。通过微生物生理学在线课程的建设和运用,成功地将此课程从"知识传授型"课程转变为"能力培养型"课程。     

“环境工程微生物学”面向深度学习的线上线下混合式教学与翻转课堂的探索与实践

线上线下混合式教学模式是线上和线下教学两者优势相结合的新型教学模式,可以满足“互联网+”时代和新时期高校本科教学改革的新需求。江南大学“环境工程微生物学”课程基于前期成功建设在线课程的基础上,连续3年实施了面向深度学习的线上线下混合式教学与翻转课堂的探索与实践。探索实践结果表明,该教学模式中课程内容重构、教学资源建设、多种教学方式融合和考核方式改革对培养学生自主学习、分析解决问题、团队合作、沟通交流能力和国际视野有积极作用,并取得了显著效果。本文也对该课程线上线下混合式教学和翻转课堂的探索与实践进行了总结和思考,为高校环境科学与工程类专业课程教学模式改革提供参考。     

基于微视频的翻转课堂在医学微生物学实验教学中的探索

翻转课堂是一种新兴的、打破固有的教学模式,能够突破传统微生物实验教学受学时、生物安全、场地等方面的限制,故在暨南大学医学微生物学实验教学中引入基于微视频的翻转课堂教学模式,并通过学习效果和认可度进行评价。研究表明,翻转课堂能够提高学生的教学成绩,促进知识的内化吸收并提高知识应用能力。95.31%的学生对该模式评价为满意。继续不断探索和完善,促进医学微生物实验课教学改革的稳步推进。     

翻转课堂在免疫学教学中的探索与实践

近年来翻转课堂作为以学生为主体、教师为主导的教学方式逐渐被应用于大学本科教学。本文介绍了翻转课堂在"免疫学"教学中的探索与实践,包括课程内容设计、知识点提取、课前自主学习资源的制作与发布、高效课堂教学活动设计与实施、评价方式及教学反思等六方面内容。翻转课堂的教学模式实现了教学由"单向传授"向"双向互动"、"被动学习"向"自主探索"的转变,学生不仅掌握了免疫学的基础知识,而且自主学习能力得以提升。     

基于合作学习的翻转课堂在微生物生态实验教学中的探索

借鉴合作学习的翻转课堂的理论和方法,以微生物生态实验教学为例,创造性构建了让学生参与到实验准备及教学视频录制的教学模式。该模式强化了学生对实验准备环节的学习认知,激发了学生的主观能动性,提高了实验技能、团队协作和创新意识等方面的教学效果,以期为高校实验教学改革提供借鉴。     

翻转课堂在高职微生物检验教学中的应用探讨

翻转课堂是一种颠覆传统的充满活力的全新教学模式,它包含了课前知识获取和课堂知识内化两部分。借力翻转课堂,充分利用信息技术,能真正实现授课时间的重新分配。本文旨在探讨如何有效的将翻转课堂理念引入高职医学微生物检验课程的教学中,发挥其优势,建立翻转课堂教学模型,探究其实施策略,以微生物检验中的重点内容——革兰染色法的教学为实例,融合多种教学方法,以期在信息化环境下,充分实现以学生为主体,教师为主导,强调问题中心、任务驱动、以学为主的教学模式深化改革,真正提高教学成效。     

以“环境微生物学”课程为例探索现代开放课堂理念在创新创业人才培养中的实践

基于现代网络技术的开放课堂是信息时代发展的产物,是现有教学方式的有益补充和未来的发展方向。以创新创业项目为驱动,将包括翻转课堂在内的现代开放课堂理念引入创新创业人才培养模式的探索,以期解决学生创新积极性不足、师生互动少、实验成功率低等问题。利用仿真实验平台、移动课堂、翻转课堂、线上实验室、网络直播等多种新颖、生动的互动模式为载体,将开放课堂教学贯穿于大学生创新创业过程始终,丰富了教学资源和教学方式。同时,最大限度地加强了师生间的互动交流,激发了学生的创新积极性,培养了学生的创业人格,提升了学生对机会的把握能力和运用创新思维的能力。     

微生物学实验技术课程“五阶段”翻转课堂教学模式的探索与实践

依据研究型实验教学的特点及混合式教学的相关理论,探索将“五阶段”翻转课堂教学模式应用于高校实验教学,并以微生物学实验技术课程为例,重点论述该“五阶段”翻转课堂教学模式的设计思路,即学生课前进行自主学习及实验设计,课堂上以学生为主体进行讨论,之后进行开放式实验实施,最后以课堂展示及课后总结的形式进行实验反思。进一步分析该模式的实施效果,探讨其优势及不足,为翻转课堂教学模式在实践类课程中的应用提供借鉴,以期更好地达成培养学生科研思维及创新能力的目标。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.