转基因衣藻lba及对照藻产氢培养条件的优化

通过对莱茵衣藻849及其转基因衣藻lba进行光照强度、细胞浓度和培养基中硫酸盐含量三因素三水平的正交实验,确定了两个藻种的最佳产氢条件,同时对转基因藻和849产氢培养条件下的光合放氧速率和pH进行了检测。实验结果表明,在25 ℃下,莱茵衣藻849和转基因衣藻lba的最佳产氢条件都为光照强度 60μmol/(m²·s),细胞浓度为叶绿素含量12.5μg/ml,培养基中硫酸盐含量0μmol/L。莱茵衣藻849和转基因衣藻lba的最高氢气产量分别达到了349μl/mg chlorophyll 和634μl/mg chlorophyll。在产氢条件下,转基因藻lba的净光合放氧速率比849低。结果为利用豆血红蛋白特性通过基因工程手段提高莱茵衣藻产氢量提供基础实验数据。     

莱茵衣藻PEPC基因转化与表达分析

为了获得表型稳定的工程藻株,实现基因工程改造策略加快微藻生物燃料产业发展的步伐,本研究应用同源重组的方法将内源性的磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶的编码基因转到莱茵衣藻细胞中,期望获得表型稳定的工程藻株。基于pHyg3质粒我们分别构建了ppc1和ppc2的重组载体,采用玻璃珠法转化莱茵衣藻CC400和CC406藻株,应用潮霉素抗性的固体培养基筛选得到转入目的片段的藻株。研究表明,转化的藻细胞中,目的片段可在基因组上稳定存在。同源片段长度在0.5~1 kb时,相对较长的片段不利于整合到基因组中。从转化藻株的基因组中能够扩增得到转入的片段,说明转入的目的片段以非同源重组的形式整合到基因组上。转化的藻细胞多次传代培养后,仍能检测到转入的外源片段。本研究进一步为微藻细胞的转基因工程和同源重组策略的研究提供了行之有效的方法。     

PEG介导的黑附球菌遗传转化体系的建立

以生防真菌黑附球菌原生质体为受体、潮霉素抗性基因（ hph）为筛选标记,应用PEG介导法进行了遗传转化体系的研究。潮霉素敏感性测试结果表明,黑附球菌对潮霉素的耐受浓度为50mg/L。PEG介导的黑附球菌原生质体最佳遗传转化体系为：30℃下用2%裂解酶酶解黑附球菌菌丝2h,过滤收集原生质体,经MTC清洗重悬后将质粒pYF11-hph转化黑附球菌原生质体,在RM培养基中混匀再生;经潮霉素药剂筛选和PCR验证,表明外源基因 hph已转入到黑附球菌中并获得稳定表达。本实验成功地建立了稳定的PEG介导的黑附球菌遗传转化体系,为研究其代谢途径、生防机制及构建工程菌株提供了技术保障。     

三峡库区村镇水源中典型水华藻种PAC混凝去除效果比较研究

选取三峡库区村镇水源水中5种典型水华藻种(小球藻、衣藻、小环藻、针杆藻和光甲藻)为材料。比较研究了不同剂量的聚合氯化铝(PAC)对于这些藻种细胞(叶绿素a和浊度)的去除效果,以及混凝沉淀后絮体结构、形态的差异,以筛选典型水华藻种混凝去除的适宜PAC投加量。结果显示:(1)实验所选藻种形态差异明显,针杆藻呈长线形结构,小环藻呈短圆柱形结构,小球藻、衣藻和光甲藻呈球形或椭圆形,光甲藻和针杆藻细胞相对最大。(2)光甲藻和针杆藻PAC混凝去除效果最好,小球藻和衣藻次之,小环藻相对不易取得良好的混凝去除效果;PAC混凝去除效果与藻类形态特征有关。(3)针杆藻和光甲藻容易形成大而密实的絮体,小球藻和衣藻形成的絮体相对较小,小环藻絮体形成能力最弱。(4)光甲藻和针杆藻适宜的PAC投加量范围为15～80 mg/L,小球藻为15～50 mg/L,衣藻为15～65 mg/L,小环藻为50～80 mg/L;在适宜的PAC投加范围内,各试验藻液叶绿素a和浊度的去除率分别达到81%～97%和76%～97%。研究表明,PAC混凝沉淀法可用于去除三峡库区村镇水源水中5种典型水华藻种,但各藻种的适宜投加量存在差异,适量PAC均可使各藻液中的叶绿素a和浊度有效降低。     

潮霉素B抗性为选择标记的整合型表达载体的构建及在米根霉中的遗传转化

为了建立适合米根霉的遗传转化体系,应用重叠延伸PCR的方法构建了以潮霉素B抗性为选择标记的单交换整合型表达载体p BS-hygro-ldh A;分别采用PEG/Ca Cl2介导的原生质体转化、原生质体电转化及萌发孢子电转化的方法将表达载体p BS-hygro-ldh A转化入米根霉AS 3.819菌株中,并研究了菌丝酶解时间、孢子萌发时间以及电转化电场强度对于转化效率的影响;通过荧光定量PCR(q PCR)对米根霉转化子基因组中质粒整合拷贝数进行了检测,并研究了其对米根霉转化子抗性稳定性的影响。实验结果表明成功获得整合了表达载体p BS-hygro-ldh A的米根霉转化子。菌丝酶解140 min产生的原生质体其再生率和转化率最高,原生质体电转化最佳电场强度为13 k V/cm,孢子萌发2.5 h转化率最高,萌发孢子电转化最佳电场强度为14 k V/cm。萌发孢子电转化方法转化率要高于原生质体转化的方法。荧光定量PCR检测结果表明,在一定范围内,高质粒整合拷贝数的米根霉转化子比较稳定。研究建立了用于工业米根霉菌株的遗传转化体系,为米根霉代谢调控研究以及菌种改造工作提供了基础与支持。     

农杆菌介导转化莱茵衣藻体系的优化

为建立根癌农杆菌介导的莱茵衣藻快速简便高效的遗传转化体系,本研究以模式生物莱茵衣藻为受体材料,从转化方法和转化子快速鉴定两个方面进行了优化。[方法]比较了固体培养基共培养转化方法和液体培养基共培养转化方法对根癌农杆菌LBA 4404介导的莱茵衣藻CC425转化效率的影响;研究并比较了(1)首先经过TE裂解再进行PCR(两步法)和(2)不经TE裂解直接进行PCR(一步法)的两种转化子鉴定方法的最佳反应条件和扩增效率。[结果]农杆菌LBA 4404和莱茵衣藻CC425液体培养基共培养5 d后的转化效果最好,转化率达43.33±1.67个转化子/10⁶个藻细胞。PCR最佳反应条件为:使用高保真DNA聚合酶Taq 1进行扩增;参加PCR反应的细胞密度为5×10³-5×10⁶个/mL;TE裂解缓冲液沸水浴20 min(两步直接PCR方法),或者预变性15 min(一步直接PCR方法)。两步法直接PCR的扩增效率优于一步法,但后者反应步骤更简洁。[结论]本研究建立并优化了农杆菌液体介导莱茵衣藻遗传转化体系,该体系可快速获得遗传转化子,减少转化工作量。     

红曲菌9903A转化体系影响因素的研究

采用PEG介导的原生质体转化方法,研究了将含有潮霉素抗性基因的质粒pMP-Hygro转入红曲菌9903A的影响因素。实验结果表明,原生质体转化最佳条件为:1.0mol/L的山梨醇为渗透压稳定剂;以含有50mmol/L的Ca2 和最终质量分数为40%的PEG4000为转化介质;最佳原生质体浓度和载体DNA用量分别为1×108个/mL、1μg/100μL原生质体;原生质体再生培养基采用不含无机盐的培养基,再生方式采用原生质体液涂布单层再生培基平板法。得到的平均DNA转化率可达160个/μgDNA。本文所研究的PEG介导的原生质体转化方法可以较好的向红曲菌细胞导入外源DNA,并使外源DNA在红曲菌细胞内大量表达。     

莱茵衣藻纤毛内运送蛋白IFT27的原核表达、纯化及多克隆抗体制备

[目的]制备莱茵衣藻纤毛内运送蛋白IFT27的多克隆抗体。[方法]利用莱茵衣藻ift27基因的cDNA序列构建了原核表达载体p ET28a-ift27和p MAL-C2X-ift27,转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)诱导表达,获得了6×His/MBPIFT27两种重组融合蛋白。将纯化后的MBP-IFT27融合蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔,5次后采集抗血清,间接ELISA法测定效价,并对抗血清依次经protein A和抗原抗体两步纯化后使用Western Blot和免疫荧光对抗体特异性进行检测。[结果]MBP/6×His-IFT27融合蛋白表达后分子量分别为27 k Da和67 k Da。ELISA测定其效价为1∶256 000,Western Blot检测可特异性识别莱茵衣藻中的IFT27蛋白,免疫荧光结果显示可检测到纤毛中的IFT27蛋白。[结论]制备出特异性抗莱茵衣藻IFT27的多克隆抗体,效价为1∶256 000,Western Blot可特异性检测到莱茵衣藻中IFT27蛋白的目的条带,免疫荧光可定位IFT27在细胞内分布。     

电击法诱导的欧白英原生质体转化和转化植株再生

本研究使用电击法成功地将带有标记基因NPTⅡ的质粒pCaMVNEO转入欧白英的原生质体,并获得了再生转化植株。通过用pDW2质粒进行的CAT基因短暂表达研究,确定了欧白英原生质体转化的电击条件为：电容30nF、电场强度l 500V／cm、时间衰变常数59．4微秒;质粒DNA浓度为20μg／2×10⁶原生质体。在以上条件下,欧白英原生质体的相对转化率为12．4％,绝对转化率为2.4×10^-4在大多数抗性愈伤组织和从抗性愈伤组织再生的植株中检测到新霉素磷酸转移酶活性。分子杂交结果也证明了在转化植株中存在NPTⅡ基因序列,而未转化的对照植株则没有。     

RNA干扰20S蛋白酶体α亚基基因对莱茵衣藻油脂代谢的影响

为了解20S蛋白酶体α亚基(20S proteasome alpha subunit A, POA1)基因对莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)油脂代谢的调控,对莱茵衣藻CC425在低氮胁迫下的CrPOA1表达进行了分析,克隆POA1同源基因片段,构建pMaa7IR/XIR干涉载体并转化莱茵衣藻CC425,对CrPOA1进行有效沉默,测定转基因藻株细胞干质量和油脂含量;克隆全长基因,构建CrPOA1-GFP融合表达载体并转化洋葱表皮细胞,进行亚细胞定位。结果表明,莱茵衣藻在低氮培养下,CrPOA1 mRNA水平比对照(正常培养)显著降低(P0.01),RNAi转基因藻株CrPOA1 mRNA水平比对照pMaa7IR/XIR(maa7)降低79.36%～85.35%,沉默效果较好;RNAi转基因藻株细胞干质量与对照maa7无显著差异,油脂含量比对照maa7显著降低6.38%～24.63%,CrPOA1正向调控莱茵衣藻油脂;亚细胞定位于细胞核。这表明CrPOA1参与了莱茵衣藻的油脂代谢过程。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).