用流式细胞仪检测大黄鱼三倍体

通过对大黄鱼二倍体和三倍体的倍性分析,建立流式细胞仪检测三倍体的方法。大黄鱼受精卵经三倍体诱导处理后,胚胎期进行染色体滴片证实在处理组中有三倍体细胞存在。接着对该组胚胎进行育苗,获得1￣3cm的鱼苗,用流式细胞仪进行检测。以二倍体大黄鱼的肌肉组织或血液细胞DNA含量的峰值道数作为对照,用同样的方法取样处理、上机、测定处理组样本个体细胞的DNA含量的峰值道数。如果处理组个体细胞的DNA含量的峰值道数是二倍体组的1.5±0.1倍,则认为该个体为三倍体。实验结果经冷休克或静水压诱导处理的样本共检测182个,三倍体检出率为12.09%,其中有一组检出率高达55.56%。     

用YO-PRO-1和PI联合染色定量检测细胞凋亡

经不同浓度staurosporine处理诱导凋亡的G7细胞样品,分别用YO-PRO-1/PI和AV/PI进行荧光染色,借助流式细胞仪检测凋亡情况,将两种检测方法得到的结果进行统计学分析显示,二者有显著的相关性(r=0.9659,P<0.01),且没有显著性差异(P<0.05);另外,上述凋亡细胞样品经YO-PRO-1/PI染色后在荧光显微镜下计数凋亡细胞比例的结果与AV/PI流式细胞仪的检测结果也有显著的相关性(r=0.9903,P<0.01),且没有显著性差异(P<0.05)。以上这些结果表明,用YO-PRO-1/PI对细胞进行染色、借助流式细胞仪和荧光显微镜均能准确地检测细胞凋亡,可替代AV/PI流式细胞仪方法用于细胞凋亡的检测。     

蛋白激酶C活化对L-6TG大鼠肌母细胞缺血/再灌注损伤中细胞凋亡的影响

目的:蛋白激酶C(PKC)活化对L-6TG大鼠肌母细胞缺血/再灌注损伤过程中细胞凋亡的影响.方法:将培养的L-6TG大鼠肌母细胞随机分为3组:①正常对照组(C组);②缺血/再灌注组(I/R组);③PMA 缺血/再灌注组(PMA组).观测了细胞内SOD、XOD、Ca2 含量的变化;采用MTT法检测线粒体的功能;利用流式细胞仪和细胞DNA电泳结果检测细胞凋亡情况;采用免疫组织化学的方法检测caspase-3的蛋白表达情况,结合自动图像分析系统对其结果进行定量分析.结果:蛋白激酶C活化可显著降低L-6TG大鼠肌母细胞I/R 4 h后细胞内XOD、Ca2 含量及凋亡细胞百分率,增加细胞内SOD活性及线粒体呼吸功能,DNA电泳无梯状条带出现,caspase-3的表达明显下调.结论:蛋白激酶C活化可明显减轻L-6TG大鼠肌母细胞缺血再灌注损伤后的细胞凋亡的发生,其机制可能与减轻氧化损伤、调节细胞内钙稳态、减轻线粒体损伤、减少caspase-3表达有关.     

秋水仙素诱导细胞周期停滞

DNA含量检测是流式细胞仪最早且目前仍然是其最为广泛的应用之一．原理是用荧光物质标记细胞DNA,流式检测的荧光强度即代表细胞内DNA的多少,由于细胞在不同时期的DNA含量的不同,故可以将细胞周期分为二倍体期（G0／G1期）,四倍体期（G2／M期）和S期（处于二倍体和四倍体间的过渡期）,通常用荧光染料PI（碘化丙啶,水溶性,488nm激发）标记细胞,然后用流式细胞仪进行检测,根据荧光的强弱判断检测的细胞在周期中不同时期的分布。     

利用405nm激光激发Hoechst33342染色细胞DNA的流式细胞技术

目的:探讨流式细胞仪上405 nm激光激发Hoechst33342染色细胞DNA的效果及影响检测结果的因素。方法:SW480和A549两种细胞经Hoechst33342染色后,流式细胞仪405 nm激光激发检测DNA含量,利用软件计算出处于G0/G1期、S期和G2/M期细胞的百分比,以PI染色法结果作为对照。结果:SW480和A549细胞经Hoechst33342染色后各期的细胞百分比与PI染色法基本一致,无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:405 nm激光激发Hoechst33342染色细胞DNA结果可靠,可作为紫外检测的替代方法。     

细胞计数板在荧光显微镜观察B细胞吞噬现象的应用探讨

目的:基于细胞计数板建立一种简单、快速使用免疫荧光显微镜观察B淋巴细胞吞噬卡介苗(BCG)现象的新方法,对即将进行流式细胞检测的样品进行质控,提高流式细胞术检测吞噬率的稳定性,同时为流式细胞仪检测吞噬率提供镜下依据。方法:B细胞与FITC标记的BCG共培养24 h后,PE anti-human CD19抗体直接标记细胞膜,应用细胞计数板在荧光显微镜下观察B细胞吞噬现象,流式细胞仪检测吞噬率。结果:应用细胞计数板在荧光镜下可观察到B细胞与BCG的荧光标记及B细胞与BCG共标记现象,证实B细胞可吞噬BCG,流式细胞仪检测结果显示吞噬率为13.9%。结论:应用细胞计数板在荧光镜下可观察B细胞吞噬现象,且操作简便快速,能对流式细胞检测的样品进行质控,并提供镜下依据。     

Genistein增加顺铂诱导的SKOV-3细胞的凋亡与活性氧的关系

目的:探讨Genistein增加顺铂诱导的耐药卵巢癌细胞SKOV-3凋亡的可能作用机制.方法:倒置相差显微镜下观察药物处理后细胞形态学的变化;MTT比色法检测不同药物处理后对SKOV-3细胞增殖的影响;流式细胞仪检测药物处理后细胞的凋亡情况;流式细胞仪和荧光显微镜检测细胞内活性氧(ROS)的水平.结果:10ug/ml的Genistein和2.5ug/ml的顺铂联用24h后,引起了细胞内ROS的增加,细胞的凋亡率也显著增高,与单用顺铂组相比差异有显著性(P＜0.05);用NAC预处理细胞2h后,有效抑制了ROS的产生,并增加了细胞的活性,降低了细胞的凋亡率,与未加NAC组相比差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论:Genistein增加顺铂诱导的耐药卵巢癌细胞SKOV一3的凋亡与细胞内ROS水平的升高有关,这可能是Genistein增加顺铂诱导的耐药卵巢癌细胞SKOV-3凋亡的作用机制之一.     

新型多功能流式细胞仪的研制

一种新型流式细胞仪,利用一台装配有稳定的高压氙灯的落射荧光显微镜和光电倍增管以及计算机多道分析器组成的具有高分辨率和稳定性的流式细胞仪。其波长可在近紫外到近红外波段任意选择。既可用于流动样品,又可用于静止样品测定。用于流动样品测定时,喷嘴把经流体动力学方法会聚的样品流喷射到置于落射荧光显微镜物镜前方的显微镜盖玻片上,进行单细胞的快速定量分析。用于静止样品时,可用来精确测定细胞内各组分的含量。这种新型流式细胞仪可以在生物学研究和临床医学研究中得到广泛应用,有很好的发展前景。     

氯化锂对KT-1/A3细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的：研究氯化锂(LiCl)在体外对KT—1／A3白血病细胞增殖及凋亡的影响。方法：采用液体培养实验,MTT实验,集落培养实验为指标观察LiCl对KT—1／A3细胞增殖的影响,采用DNA片段凝胶电泳及流式细胞检测为指标检测细胞凋亡。结果：①不同浓度的LiCl(5mM—25mM)对KT—1／A3细胞具有抑制增殖的作用,这种增殖抑制作用呈剂量依赖关系。②在LiCl(20mM)作用72h的DNA凝胶电泳谱可见DNA Ladder及流式细胞仪检测可见凋亡特有的AP峰,提示LiCl可诱导KT—1／A3细胞凋亡。绪论：LiCl能抑制KT—1／A3白血病细胞增殖和诱导凋亡。     

白藜芦醇以Caspase依赖和非依赖两种方式导致Jurkat细胞死亡

应用形态学观察、流式细胞仪检测、Western印迹和DNA凝胶电泳等方法研究白藜芦醇对Jurkat细胞的作用。发现白藜芦醇处理组中细胞有皱缩、出泡、染色质边集等现象,但染色质浓缩呈散在团块状且不致密。细胞质结构疏松,线粒体肿胀,脊消失。少见凋亡小体。在白藜芦醇处理组,Western印迹可检测到弱的17kDacaspase-3条带,DNA凝胶电泳可以检测到梯状DNA和弥散条带;流式细胞仪在白藜芦醇处理组检测到大量PI单阳性细胞和少量膜联蛋白V单阳性细胞。Z-VAD-FMK干预后可以发现细胞死亡率降低,同时该组梯状DNA消失,但是大分子量弥散DNA条带依然可以检测到。结果表明白藜芦醇可以通过caspase依赖和非依赖途径导致Jurkat细胞死亡。此分子机制的明确将为白藜芦醇应用于临床白血病的治疗打下理论基础。     

Analysis of DNA content in multidrug-resistant cells by image and flow cytometry

Abstract. Nuclear DNA content was assessed in multidrug-resistant (MDR) cells by image and flow cytometry. Two human MDR cell lines (K562-Dox and CEM-VLB) obtained by in vitro drug selection and overexpressing mdr1 gene were compared to their respective sensitive counterparts (K562 and CCRF-CEM) and to the MDR hamster LR73-R cell line obtained by transfection of mouse mdr1 cDNA. Both cell lines obtained by selection displayed a decreased DNA content, as measured by image cytometry after Feulgen staining, or by flow cytometry after staining with propidium iodide, ethidium bromide, or Hoechst 33342. This decrease was not accompanied by changes in cell cycle phase distribution of cells. Moreover, image cytometry of cells stained after various hydrolysis times in 5 M HCl indicated that MDR cells displayed the same hydrolysis kinetics and sensitivity as drug-sensitive cells with a well-preserved stoichiometry of the Feulgen reaction. LR73-R cells transfected with mdr1 cDNA exhibited only a very limited change in propidium iodide staining as compared with sensitive LR73 cells, suggesting that mdr1 gene overexpression alone could not account for the alterations in DNA content observed in the selected MDR cells.     

Flow cytofluorometric analysis of cell cycle distributions using propidium iodide. Properties of the method and mathematical analysis of the data

In order to better characterize the new rapid staining method for flow cytofluorometry proposed by Krishan, we have tested its stability and several other properties, and have carried out a quantitative comparison of the fluorescence histograms obtained using propidium iodide or the acriflavine-Feulgen staining procedure. Using a human hematopoietic cell line in the logarithmic phase of growth, and analyzing the data by means of a mathematical method we have devised, we found that the fluorescence intentsity of cells stained with propidium iodide remains stable for at least 48 h; it is insensitive to dye concentration between 0.025 and 0.10 mg/ml (37-150 muM); it is not affected by incubation with ribonuclease before staining; propidium iodide in 0.1% sodium citrate remains stable for at least 20 days; and quantitative estimates of the fractions of cells in the different phases of the cell cycle are in good agreement with those obtained from acriflavine-Feulgen staining and from autoradiography after pulse labeling with tritiated thymidine. We conclude that this method is useful for the measurement of relative DNA content by flow cytofluorometry, although modifications in the technique are necessary for some cell types which grow in monolayers.     

Immunofluorescent detection of histone 2B on metaphase chromosomes using flow cytometry

A monoclonal antibody against histone 2B (anti-H2B) was used as a reagent to stain isolated chromosomes for analysis using flow cytometry. Chromosome suspensions were treated with a mouse monoclonal antibody specific for the histone 2B (clone HBC-7) and then with a fluorescein-labeled goat anti-mouse-IgM antibody. The chromosomes were also stained for DNA content with either Hoechst 33258 or propidium iodide. The amount of antibody and the amount of DNA-specific stain bound to each chromosome were measured simultaneously using flow cytometry. The order of the steps in the staining protocol is important. Propidium iodide prevents anti-H2B from binding to chromosomes, and therefore must be added only after antibody labeling is completed. In contrast, the addition of Hoechst 33258 before antibody labeling reduces antibody binding by only 20%–30%. Binding of anti-H2B was proportional to the DNA content of both human and Chinese hamster chromosomes. Human chromosomes bind an average of three to four times more anti-H2B than do Chinese hamster or mouse chromosomes of the same DNA content. This was determined by analyzing mixtures of human and Chinese hamster chromosomes and human and mouse chromosomes. The results demonstrate that it is possible to label the proteins of chromosomes in suspension with fluorescent antibodies and to use these reagents for the analysis of chromosome structure by flow cytometry.     

G(1)/S but not G(0)/G(1)cell fraction is related to 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity

BACKGROUND: Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry is of clinical interest for making treatment decisions or for predicting response and survival, through proliferation rate (labeling index or S-phase fraction) assessment or T(pot) calculation. Thymidylate synthase expression was tested in vitro, in vivo, and clinically as a prognostic factor for 5-fluorouracil (5FU) sensitivity. However, results were still controversial. Moreover, we had reported that 5FU sensitivity was related to the labeling index of untreated cell cultures. METHODS: We used six human cancer cell lines that exhibited a wide range of 5FU sensitivity. Cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometry monovariate propidium iodide (PI) analysis and bivariate distributions of BrdU incorporation versus DNA content. 5FU sensitivity was assayed using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay. RESULTS: In all cell lines, 5FU exposure resulted in a statistically significant G(1)/S accumulation. No statistically significant relationship was seen between G(0)/G(1) delay determined by monovariate analysis and 5FU sensitivity. However, 5FU sensitivity was statistically correlated to the labeling index and G(1)/S subpopulation assessed with bivariate analysis using BrdU incorporation versus DNA content. CONCLUSIONS: Cellular proliferation parameters using BrdU incorporation are more informative than PI for in vitro 5FU sensitivity. Because BrdU incorporation could be assessed clinically, it could also be informative for 5FU clinical response prediction.     

The bone marrow plasma cell labeling index by flow cytometry

The bone marrow plasma cell labeling index is the most important prognostic indicator for patients with multiple myeloma. Traditionally, this test has been performed as a two color immunofluorescent microscope technique which is time consuming and requires a degree of subjectivity in its interpretation. We have assessed various adaptations of this method to flow cytometry. A bromodeoxyuridine method has been compared with a propidium iodide DNA method to detect cells in S phase and CD38-FITC has been compared with CD38-FITC + CD138-FITC and CD38-biotin + streptavidin FITC to identify plasma cells. The mean channel fluorescent intensity of the plasma cell peaks for each of these markers was 12. 7, 17.4 and 35.3 respectively demonstrating the superiority of CD38-biotin + streptavidin FITC. Analysis after propidium iodide staining provided a good correlation with the slide technique (r = 0. 71; P < 0.0001) but the bromodeoxyuridine method did not correlate with the slide method (r = 0.09; P = NS). The labeling index values obtained from either of the flow methods were greater than the microscopic method. Thus a labeling index of >4% will replace the traditional >1% threshold for identifying patients with a significantly increased labeling index. The advantages of the new method are that it takes less time to perform, is more objective and provides additional data on ploidy and cell cycle status.     

Identification of nuclei from apoptotic, necrotic, and viable lymphoid cells by using multiparameter flow cytometry.

BACKGROUND: Methods widely used to detect apoptosis do not allow us to easily distinguish between nuclei from viable or necrotic cells. Even if apoptosis and necrosis seem to occur as alternatives at the single cell level, they could be present simultaneously in a cell population much more frequently than expected. For this reason, attention was focused on attempting to recognize, by multiparameter flow cytometry, the characteristics of viable cells and of apoptotic or necrotic dead cells. METHODS: Apoptosis and necrosis were induced in vitro in murine thymocytes and lymphocytes from adult peripheral blood by using dexamethasone or prostaglandin E2 treatment and heat shock at 60 degrees C or hydrogen peroxide, respectively. Traditional methods, such as DNA gel electrophoresis and propidium iodide staining followed by single-fluorescence analysis or annexin-V-fluorescein isothiocyanate plus propidium iodide staining by using flow cytometry, were compared with a new method. This method consisted of combined light-scatter and red fluorescence analysis by flow cytometry after isolation of nuclei by hypotonic solution as well as high-dose detergent treatment and DNA staining with propidium iodide. RESULTS: Results showed that, although traditional methods such as DNA-gel electrophoresis and single-parameter fluorescence flow cytometry analysis were unable, as expected, to discriminate among viability, apoptosis, and necrosis, our new method has enabled us to easily identify nuclei from viable, apoptotic, and necrotic cells. Results obtained by using our method were comparable to those obtained by using two-color analysis of cells after propidium iodide/annexin V staining. CONCLUSIONS: A highly reproducible, inexpensive, rapid, and easily accessible method of analysis has been developed for simultaneously detecting apoptosis and necro sis.     

Direct and indirect flow cytometric enumeration of 6-thioguanine-resistant human peripheral blood lymphocytes

Methods based on flow cytometry and sorting, autoradiography, and cloning were used to evaluate the potential for the enumeration of 6-thioguanine-resistant human peripheral blood lymphocytes assumed to be deficient with respect to the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyl-transferase. Flow cytometric sorting of proliferating cells in the late S- and the G2-stages by means of DNA content, as measured by propidium iodide fluorescence, enabled an enrichment of variant cells to about 99%. The main source of false events was contaminating doublets of G0/G1 cells appearing in the sorting region. Doublet discrimination measured as the difference between pulse height and area (Ortho-50) accomplished no further improvement. A combination of propidium iodide fluorescence and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, measured by fluorescent anti-bromodeoxyuridine-DNA antibodies, allowed flow cytometric enrichment to about 99.99% of variant cells. By sorting of 3H-thymidine-labeled cell nuclei from the late S- and the G2-phases and subsequent autoradiographic evaluation, partly resistant variants could be discriminated; variant frequencies of the same magnitude as for the cell cloning methods were obtained.     

Flow cytometry: long-term storage of propidium iodide/citrate-stained material.

Single cell suspensions stained by the propidium iodide/hypotonic citrate method for DNA content analysis by flow cytometry can be mixed with an equal amount of 70% alcohol for long-term storage and shipping without introduction of artifacts or loss of fluorescence.     

Flow Cytometry: Long-Term Storage of Propidium Iodide/Citrate-Stained Material

Single cell suspensions stained by the propidium iodide/hypotonic citrate method for DNA content analysis by flow cytometry can be mixed with an equal amount of 70% alcohol for long-term storage and shipping without introduction of artifacts or loss of fluorescence.     

Improved Flow Cytometric Analysis of the Budding Yeast Cell Cycle

The budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been a remarkably useful model system for the study of eukaryotic cell cycle regulation. Flow cytometric analysis of DNA content in budding yeast has become a standard tool for the analysis of cell cycle progression. However, popular protocols utilizing the DNA binding dye, propidium iodide, suffer from a number of drawbacks that confound accurate analysis by flow cytometry. Here we show the utility of the DNA binding dye, SYTOX Green, in the cell cycle analysis of yeast. Samples analyzed using SYTOX Green exhibited better coefficients of variation, improved linearity between DNA content and fluorescence, and decreased peak drift associated with changes in dye concentration, growth conditions or cell size.

Key Words:

Flow cytometry, Cell cycle, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, SYTOX Green, Propidium iodide