羊精子表面的凝集素标记特征

用辣根过氧化物酶标记的蓖麻凝集素和伴刀豆素Ａ,对绵羊精子表面的凝集素标记特征进行了观察。蓖麻凝集素在睾丸内精子的顶体区有中等强度标记,尾部有弱标记,在附睾内成熟时,顶体区标记逐渐增强,尾部的标记消失,获能后标记强度则明显减弱。伴刀豆素Ａ的标记在睾丸内的精子仅限于顶体区,随着在附睾内成熟,顶体区的标记增强,尾部也出现弱的标记,获能后有部分精子的标记强度有所增加。实验结果表明,羊精子在成熟过程和获能过程表面糖复合物发生明显修饰。     

几种哺乳动物精子膜伴刀豆球蛋白A受体的观察

凝集素(Lectin)可与某些糖基特异性结合,其中伴刀豆球蛋白A(简称Con.A)可与a-D-甘露糖或a-D-葡萄糖特异性结合。精子膜表面凝集素受体的种类、分布与数目在精于的成熟、获能与受精过程中有规律性的变化。我们同时用异硫氰酸荧光素盐及辣根过氧化物酶标记的Con.A(FITC-及HRP-Con.A)观察了正常成年雄性大鼠、小鼠及家兔的附睾尾精子与公牛射出精子膜表面Con.A受体的分布。 1.材料 正常成年雄性Wistar大鼠、C57BL小鼠及非近交系杂种家兔各十只。取出附睾尾组织,剪碎后置于盛有精子培养液(配方见saling and Storey 1979)的培养皿中,37℃静置15分钟,待精子充分游出后去除组织碎块。离心(2,000转/分)三次,最后配成约含10~7个精子/毫升的附睾尾精子悬     

附睾蛋白的研究方法及进展

附睾是精子成熟,转运和贮存的场所,哺乳动物精子成熟是通过与附睾管腔微环境相互作用而实现的,精子通过在附睾内转运过程中与附睾蛋白相互作用获得运动和精卵识别结合能力,因而附睾蛋白的研究受到越来越多的关注.本文从不同的实验角度综述了附睾蛋白的研究方法及其进展.     

小鼠精子表面Con A结合糖复合物的形成与变化

用辣根过氧化物酶标记的ＣｏｎＡ（伴刀豆素Ａ）对小鼠睾丸与附睾切片,以及对取自附睾和子宫（交配后）内的精子涂片进行了标记,旨在认识精子在发生、成熟和获能过程中表面糖复合物的形成与变化。本研究表明,睾丸内的生精细胞和支持细胞均呈ＣｏｎＡ标记阳性。附睾的输出小管和附睾管上皮细胞,ＣｏｎＡ标记呈中度至强阳性,有部位的差别。附睾头和附睾尾内精子表面的标记无明显差别,标记位置均主要在顶体区和尾部。精子在子宫内存留１．５小时后,顶体后区出现中度阳性标记,但存留３小时和６小时后,顶体和顶体后区的标记均减弱或消失。这些结果提示,（１）精子发生期即可合成ＣｏｎＡ结合糖复合物,（２）精子在附睾成熟过程中表面的ＣｏｎＡ结合糖复合物无明显变化,（３）精子获能后顶体后区出现的ＣｏｎＡ结合糖复合物可能与受精能力有关。     

小鼠精子表面SBA结合糖复合物的形成与变化

用ＨＲＰ标记的大豆凝集素（ＳＢＡ）对睾丸与附睾切片,以及取自附睾和子宫（交配后）内的精子进行了标记,旨在认识精子在发生、成熟和获能过程中表面糖复合物的形成与变化规律。在睾丸内,精母细胞和早期精子细胞胞质内有一强阳性颗粒,处于精子形成期的精子细胞呈弱阳性标记。附睾管内的精子团呈强阳性,附睾管上皮则仅在游离缘呈弱阳性。交配后１．５小时自子宫内洗出的精子,其顶体区的标记增至强阳性,但随着在子宫内存留时间的延长,标记强度逐渐减弱或消失。结果表明,１）精子表面的ＳＢＡ结合糖复合物出现于精子形成期;２）在成熟和获能过程中精子表面的ＳＢＡ结合糖复合物发生明显的变化     

精子膜麦芽凝集素结合糖蛋白抗原某些特性的研究

应用自制的抗牛精子膜麦芽凝集素结合糖蛋白血清,对兔、人、小鼠和仓鼠精子进行了免疫细胞化学定位,结果各种动物精子均呈阳性反应,且以精子顶体区标记最强,与麦芽凝集素亲和细胞化学的标记结果相似。用抗血清处理地鼠精子,再与同种卵子进行体外结合试验,结果精子与卵于透明带的结合受到显著抑制、本实验的结果提示,牛精子膜麦芽凝集素结合糖蛋白抗原具有种间交叉反应性,并可能在精子与卵子透明带结合过程中具有重要作用。     

中华蚱蜢精子发生过程中花生凝集素受体的分布与变化

采用生物素标记的花生凝集素(PNA)对中华蚱蜢(Acrida cinerea)精子发生过程中细胞质膜的糖蛋白(含有糖基Gal--β(1,3)-GalNAC)进行了标记,旨在认识精子发生过程中细胞质膜糖复合物的形成与变化规律,探讨其所具有的功能。结果表明,在中华蚱蜢的精子发生中,精母细胞能够自身合成PNA受体;精子细胞到成熟精子时期生精细胞质膜糖复合物发生了明显的修饰变化,这些变化与精子获得及卵子进行识别、粘附、结合等受精能力密切相关。     

天花粉凝集素糖结合专一性Ⅱ.

本文报道一些糖类、糖苷、糖蛋白和几种外源凝集素对标记天花粉凝集素和酸处理交联琼脂糖或胎盘细胞膜结合的影响。在低浓度时,所用的糖类中,乳糖是最强的抑制剂,蜜二糖和棉籽糖的抑制能力和乳糖相仿,而纤维二糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖,则无明显影响。三个所用的糖蛋白,它们的抑制活性以下列顺序递减:猪甲状腺球蛋白,人血清转铁蛋白,鸡卵白蛋白。未标记的天花粉凝集素和蓖麻凝集素,两者都专一地和半乳糖结合,它们都能竞争标记天花粉凝集素,而伴刀豆球蛋白A和半夏凝集素则不能竞争。由此,我们推测天花粉凝集素主要是和半乳糖结合,但与乳糖的结合能力最强,故推测其结合部位能容纳半乳糖和另一个单糖。     

高及低转移潜能小鼠肝癌细胞株糖蛋白凝集素结合特征的研究

为探讨肿瘤转移与细胞表面的糖结构的关系,对小鼠肝癌细胞的高、低淋巴道转移株ＨＣａ－Ｆ和ＨＣａ－Ｐ进行了蛋白质电泳及经蛋白质印迹术后的５种凝集素（ＣｏｎＡ、ＷＧＡ、ＵＥＡ、ＳＢＡ、ＰＮＡ）结合糖蛋白谱的对比分析。结果表明：高、低转移两株细胞的ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ谱基本相同;Ｃｏｎ Ａ特异结合糖蛋白共有５种（￣７２,８０￣９０,￣１０４,￣１５０,￣２００ｋＤ）;其中较明显的差异为￣７２ｋＤ ＣｏｎＡ特异     

猪精子中与卵透明带糖蛋白ZP3结合的蛋白质

依次经ＰＳＬ－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ亲和层析柱和纤维素ＣＭ－５２离子交换层析柱,从猪精子的ＣＨＡＰＳ抽提液分离得４个蛋白质组分。用固相透明带精蛋白结合试验（ＩＺＰＧＢＡ）检测;表明精子蛋白ＳＰ１和ＳＰ２具有结合透明带糖蛋白ＺＰ３的活性,ＳＰ２并显示凝集血球的活性。精子蛋白ＳＰ１与卵预温育明显抑制精卵结合,抑制活性与加入的精子蛋白的浓度呈正相关。用生物素标记的ＺＰ３和蛋白质印迹技术,证明ＳＰ１中的６８ｋＤ精子蛋白与ＺＰ３结合,提示６８ｋＤ精子蛋白参与精卵结合。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV