棉花枯萎、黄萎病拮抗芽孢杆菌的抗菌蛋白特性

从土贝母和腊肠等中药和发酵食品中筛选出对棉花枯萎、黄萎病菌有广谱拮抗作用的芽孢杆菌29株,其中有12株菌产抗菌蛋白。有5株抑菌活性较强:H110、H184、H216、B316和B382。经初步鉴定,H110和H184为枯草芽孢杆菌,H216、B316和B382为地衣芽孢杆菌。5株菌的蛋白粗提液对热稳定,对蛋白酶K、胰蛋白酶均不敏感,但H184、H216的蛋白粗提液对胃蛋白酶部分敏感。     

曾候乙墓穴木椁微生物的分离与鉴定

从曾侯乙墓中椁室、东椁室、西椁室和北椁室分别取样,经平板划线培养,分离,纯化共获得典型的菌株16株。将16株分别涂片镜检,生理生化分析鉴定,结果证明芽孢杆菌属11株,其中苏云金变种1株,地衣芽孢杆菌1株,巨大芽孢杆菌1株,球形芽孢杆菌5株,蜡状芽孢杆菌2株,多粘芽孢杆菌1株。其余菌株微杆菌属4株,黄色杆菌属黄杆菌1株。     

产耐热β-葡萄糖苷酶细菌的筛选与鉴定

从中国高校工业微生物资源和信息中心(CICIM-CU)菌种库的1323株细菌保藏物中筛选出20株产β-葡萄糖苷酶能力较高的细菌.通过16S rDNA序列鉴定,初步确定其中有5株为嗜热溶胞土芽孢杆菌 (Geobacillus sp.),其余为地衣芽孢杆菌 (Bacillus licheniformis).对其中编号为F1...     

抗动物病原菌芽孢杆菌的筛选、初步鉴定和抗菌活性

从鸡肠道分离、挑选的18株芽孢杆菌经培养特征、形态观察、生理生化实验,初步被鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilus)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)、蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)、巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)和凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)。同时测定了它们对5种常见动物病原菌大肠杆菌(E.coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、肠炎沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhimurium)、猪链球菌(Streptococcus suis)、奇异变形杆菌(Proteus mirabilis)的抑菌活性,其中有4株芽孢杆菌对5种病原菌都有抑制作用。还分别测定了它们产木聚糖酶(从0.895 U1到3.239 U1)和纤维素酶活性(分别为0.391 U2和0.465 U2)。结果表明,芽孢杆菌分离株BC17、BC32、BC106、BC228、BC247和BC261具有作为益生菌的开发潜力。     

可抑制致病菌的益生菌筛选及抑菌物质的初步确定

为了得到可抑制致病菌的益生菌并初步确定其抑菌物质。从土壤、饲料添加剂和肥料添加剂3种样品中初筛能产生抑菌圈的菌株。用牛津杯法,对初筛得到的菌株和实验室保存的菌株进行复筛。对复筛的未知菌株进行形态学、16S r RNA基因序列和生理生化特征鉴定。对复筛菌株的发酵上清液进行酸碱作用验证、高温处理、蛋白酶处理、盐析处理和透析处理,再进行抑菌活力测定。结果显示复筛中有8株对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和藤黄微球菌都有较强抑制作用的菌株。8株菌中有4株已知菌,4株未知菌。已知菌株分别为保加利亚乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌。4株未知菌中3株被鉴定为地衣芽孢杆菌,1株被鉴定为乳酸片球菌。地衣芽孢杆菌能产生多种耐高温的抑菌物质,其中包含能透过8-14 k D透析袋的小分子和不能透过8-14 k D透析袋的大分子,初步判定为多肽类物质。5株产酸菌株产生的抑菌物质主要是酸性物质。     

豆豉纤溶酶产生菌的筛选及菌种鉴定

在收集的全国 2 1个豆豉产品中分离到 36 9株革兰氏阳性芽孢杆菌 ,对其进行产纤溶酶活性筛选 ,得到 1株高产纤溶酶菌株HGD10 7。对菌株HGD10 7进行形态、生理、生化鉴定 ,初步鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌。     

福矛高温大曲中芽孢杆菌16S rDNA-RFLP及系统发育分析

目的:从福建建瓯黄华山酿酒有限公司高温大曲中分离出89株芽孢杆菌,通过初步筛选鉴定并进行微生物多样性研究.方法:对其16S rDNA进行PCR - RFLP分析和系统发育研究.结果:初步筛选得到的18株芽孢杆菌被HhaⅠ和MspⅠ酶切聚类分为四大组.通过系统发育分析样品中有6株Bacillus subtilis,4株Bacillus cereus,2株Bacillus sonorensis,2株Bacillus licheniformis,以及Bacillus pumilus、Bacillus oleronius、Bacillus coagulans和Bacillus thuringiensis各1株.结论:研究显示该高温大曲中可培养芽孢杆菌具有微生物多样性.     

粘细菌CS211的分离纯化、生物学特征及其抗生活性初步研究

从采白成都市郊森林的土壤中分离纯化到二株粘细菌CS262和CS211。二株粘细菌在琼脂平板上表现出相互抑制子实体发育的拮抗作用。CS211菌株对蜡状芽孢杆菌,藤黄八叠球菌,枯草芽孢杆菌,金黄色葡萄球菌具有很强的抑制作用。采用非极性大孔树脂吸附和TIC方法对抗菌活性物质作了初步研究。     

一株拮抗多重耐药菌的芽孢杆菌的初步研究

目的 对一株具有拮抗多重耐药菌的芽孢杆菌的特性进行研究.方法 采用菌落法测试多株芽孢杆菌对18种不同来源致病菌的抑制效应,并对其中一株可拮抗多重耐药菌的芽孢杆菌(KC株)进行鉴定和电泳分析.结果 该芽孢杆菌(KC株)经生理生化以及16S rDNA鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌;KC株对人源、鱼源、畜禽源和鸡粪源的多重耐药菌有不同程度的拮抗效应;SDS-PAGE分析提示,35 kD左右的分泌蛋白可能参与了KC株的抑菌活性.结论 具有拮抗多重耐药菌的芽孢杆菌为枯草芽孢杆菌,且该菌分泌的35 kD蛋白可能参与抑菌活性.     

土壤中产α-淀粉酶菌的初步筛选研究

本文研究了从土壤中筛选淀粉酶产生菌,并对其产酶条件进行了探讨。共分离得到3株活性较强的产淀粉酶菌;其中活性最强的为A1株,其圈菌比可达3.75,经过生理生化检测实验,初步鉴定为腊状芽孢杆菌杆菌。     

Phylogenetic diversity of bacterial endophytes of Panax notoginseng with antagonistic characteristics towards pathogens of root-rot disease complex

Endophytes play an important role in protection of host plants from infection by phytopathogens. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from five different parts (root, stem, petiole, leaf and seed) of Panax notoginseng and evaluated for antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum, Ralstonia sp. and Meloidogyne hapla, three major pathogens associated with root-rot disease complex of P. notoginseng. From 1000 endophytic bacterial strains evaluated in vitro, 104 strains exhibited antagonistic properties against at least one of these three pathogens. Phylogenetic analyses of their 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that these 104 antagonistic bacteria belong to four clusters: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi. Members of the Firmicutes, in particular the Bacillus spp., were predominant in all analyzed tissues. The root was the main reservoir for antagonistic bacteria. Of the 104 antagonists, 51 strains showed antagonistic activities to one pathogen only, while 43 and 10 displayed the activities towards two and all three pathogens, respectively. The most dominant species in all tissues were Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum and Bacillus methylotrophicus, which were represented by eight strains with broad antagonistic spectrum to the all three test pathogens of root-rot disease complex of P. notoginseng.     

Potential biocontrol Bacillus sp. strains isolated by an improved method from vinegar waste compost exhibit antibiosis against fungal pathogens and promote growth of cucumbers

An in vitro antagonism test is a typical procedure for the selection of potential biocontrol strains. However, the traditional method of screening antagonistic bacteria in vitro is a time consuming method when conducting large-scale screening trials. In this study, an improved method for the selection of antagonistic bacteria in vitro from compost was established based on the traditional method. 21 Antagonistic bacteria out of 33 target strains isolated from vinegar waste compost using the improved method. The 16S rDNA gene showed the 21 strains all belonged to the Bacillus genus and 18 different types of fingerprints were obtained by enterobacterial repetitive inter-genic consensus (ERIC)-PCR. 18 Selected strains which had the unique fingerprints all exhibited broad-spectrum antagonism towards the tested fungi and at least two enzyme activities in vitro. Among them, majority of the isolates were siderophore producer, some of them showed nitrogen-fixing ability and small of them were IAA producer. Four out of five selected strains were found both to be effective in controlling wilt and damping-off disease and four strains showed strong growth-promoting activities for cucumber seedlings under greenhouse conditions. Thus, these results demonstrated that the improved method was an effective and rapid means to screen potential antagonistic microorganisms in vitro. The results also showed that Bacillus sp. strains in vinegar waste compost exhibited antibiosis against fungal pathogens and promoted the growth of cucumber seedlings.     

Antagonistic action of corynebacteria and bacilli of a skin ecotype on staphylococci

582 strain of corynebacteria and 235 cultures of bacilli isolated from the skin surface of mammary glands of 120 nursing women were studied for their antagonistic action on staphylococci. It is established that bacilli, especially Bacillus subtilis, B. firmus and B. alvei exert more pronounced inhibitory effect on staphylococci. Representatives of the family Corynebacteriaceae possess a weak antagonistic action both on coagulase-positive and on coagulase-negative species. The ability of coryneform bacteria to retain the colonization resistance is supposed to be due to other factors. Antagonistic properties of B. subtilis are shown expedient to be used for elimination of hospital strains of Staphylococcus aureus from the skin of mammary glands.     

紫茎泽兰根际土壤中优势细菌的筛选鉴定及拮抗性能评价

采用分离培养的方法,从紫茎泽兰根际土壤中筛选鉴定了优势细菌25株,并测定了其中8株优势细菌及其代谢产物对病原菌的拮抗性能．结果表明：紫茎泽兰根际土壤中存在着丰富的芽孢杆菌和假单胞菌,其中枯草芽孢杆菌和巨大芽孢杆菌数量最多,占鉴定细菌总数的55．6％;这些优势细菌类群对番茄枯萎病菌和青枯病菌有不同程度的拮抗作用,以枯草芽孢杆菌BS-5和苏云金芽孢杆BT-1对番茄枯萎病菌的拮抗效果最为明显,其代谢产物的抑菌率分别为85．5％和83．8％;优势细菌代谢液比菌体对病原菌的拮抗作用更强．紫茎泽兰根际丰富的具有强拮抗性能的细菌类群可能是紫茎泽兰不受土传病害侵扰的原因,也是其逃避天敌的重要手段;通过这种根际有益微生物的反馈作用,紫茎泽兰在与当地植物竞争中直接或间接地处于有利地位,从而有利于其排挤当地植物,迅速扩张蔓延．     

杜仲黑斑病菌(Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola)拮抗细菌的分离和鉴定

【背景】杜仲黑斑病菌(Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola)是引起杜仲黑斑病的新病原,当前尚未见生防菌对其产生拮抗作用的报道。【目的】从杜仲健康叶片上分离筛选出对P.trachicarpicola DZHBB-1拮抗效果最好的生防芽孢杆菌(Bacillussp.),利用16SrRNA基因结合蛋白质编码基因,实现对该菌株的快速准确鉴定。【方法】采用稀释分离法从健康杜仲叶片上分离菌株,通过平板对峙实验和生长速率法进行筛选,联合16SrRNA、gyrA、gyrB基因序列构建系统发育树分析,结合形态学特征及生理生化特性鉴定目标菌株,盆栽试验验证其对杜仲黑斑病的防治效果。【结果】总共分离得到62株芽孢杆菌,初筛出14株对病原菌有较好生防效果的菌株,复筛结果证明菌株J1拮抗效果最好且稳定,抑制率达到66.67%,16SrRNA、gyrA、gyrB基因序列系统发育树分析结果综合显示,菌株J1为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)。盆栽试验结果显示,该菌能有效防治杜仲黑斑病的发生,防治效果均超过57%。【结论】该菌株具有防治P. trachicarpicola引起相关植物病害的生防潜力,16S rRNA、gyrA、gyrB基因联合鉴定芽孢杆菌,可为快速准确地鉴定芽孢杆菌及其近缘种提供借鉴方法。     

Antagonistic and antimicrobial activities of some bacterial isolates collected from soil samples

Thirty seven bacterial cultures isolated from soil samples obtained from different locations were tested for their antagonistic activity against some fungal pathogens, viz., Sclerotium rolfsii, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani, causal agents of collar rot of sunflower, wilts and root rots, respectively. Among them, 5 bacterial strains, viz., A1 6 (Bacillus sphaericus), K1 24 (Pseudomonas fluorescens), M1 42 (Bacillus circulans), M1 66 (Bacillus brevis) and T1 22 (Bacillus brevis) showed positive antagonistic activity. M1 66 was the most effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of S. rolfsii in vitro followed by M1 42, T1 22, K1 24 and A1 6. Only one bacterial strain i.e. M1 42 exhibited antagonistic activity against F. oxysporum, and none of the bacterial strains gave positive activity against R. solani. Furthermore, antimicrobial activities of all the 5 strains were checked against different test organisms. These strains showed their extensive inhibition effect particularly against gram-positive test bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and the test fungal strain (Candida albicans). On the other hand, B. brevis M1 66 and B. brevis T1 22 strains had an inhibitory effect against gram positive and gram-negative test bacteria (Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris) as well as the test fungal strain.     

Commensal bacilli inhibitory to mastitis pathogens isolated from the udder microbiota of healthy cows

AIMS: To isolate from the microbiota of the healthy cow udder commensal bacteria having antimicrobial activity against bovine mastitis pathogens, with a long-term view to their potential application as antimastitis probiotics. METHODS AND RESULTS: Bacterial isolates from four healthy cow udders were tested for inhibitory activity against three Gram-positive indicator bacteria. This led to the selection of nine broadly inhibitory strains. All were of the Bacillus genus and their antimicrobial activities, which appeared heterogeneous on the basis of their antibacterial spectra and heat susceptibilities, enabled grouping of the inhibitory bacilli into six different inhibitory profiles. All displayed strong in vitro activity against Gram-positive mastitis pathogens. Inhibitory bacilli were recovered from each of the 11 udder samples collected over 7 months from one of these cows and the isolates included representatives of all six inhibitory profiles. CONCLUSIONS: Bacilli present in the udder microbiota of healthy cows can produce a variety of broadly active inhibitors of Gram-positive bacteria, including potential mastitis pathogens. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Inhibitor-producing strains of commensal Bacillus species have been identified, which may have the potential for use as possible antimastitis probiotics.     

The antimicrobial properties of thermophilic bacilli

Lytic activity and antagonistic properties of 11 thermophilic strains in different species of the genus Bacillus have been studied. It is shown that the spectra of lytic and antagonistic effect of the studied thermophiles do not coincide: filtrates of cultural liquids of these strains implement the degradation of living cells of Gram-negative bacteria and yeast but inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria. Both the intensities of lytic and antagonistic actions of the extracellular products of the studied strains of bacilli do not correlate. An analysis of the obtained data shows that the lysis of test cultures takes place as a result of degrading action of extracellular hydrolases of thermophiles but not as a result of activation of autolytic systems of test cultures by the substances of antibiotic nature synthesized by the studied sporeforming bacteria.     

Indigenous bacteria with antagonistic and plant-growth-promoting activities improve slow-filtration efficiency in soilless cultivation

In tomato soilless culture, slow filtration allows one to control the development of diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms. During the disinfecting process, microbial elimination is ensured by mechanical and biological factors. In this study, system efficacy was enhanced further to a biological activation of filter by inoculating the pozzolana grains contained in the filtering unit with 5 selected bacteria. Three strains identified as Pseudomonas putida and 2 as Bacillus cereus came from a filter whose high efficiency to eliminate pathogens has been proven over years. These 5 bacteria displayed either a plant growth promoting activity (P. putida strains) or antagonistic properties (B. cereus strains). Over the first months following their introduction in the filter, the bacterial colonisation of pozzolana grains was particularly high as compared to the one observed in the control filter. Conversely to Bacillus spp. populations, Pseudomonas spp. ones remained abundant throughout the whole cultural season. The biological activation of filter unit very significantly enhanced fungal elimination with respect to the one displayed by the control filter. Indeed, the 6-month period needed by the control filter to reach its best efficacy against Fusarium oxysporum was shortened for the bacteria-amended filter; in addition, a high efficacy filtration was got as soon as the first month. Fast colonization of pozzolana grains by selected bacteria and their subsequent interaction with F. oxysporum are likely responsible for filter efficiency. Our results suggest that Pseudomonas spp. act by competition for nutrients, and Bacillus spp. by antibiosis and (or) direct parasitism. Elimination of other fungal pathogens, i.e., Pythium spp., seems to differ from that of Fusarium since both filters demonstrated a high efficacy at the experiment start. Pythium spp. elimination appears to mainly rely on physical factors. It is worth noting that a certain percentage of the 5 pozzolana-inoculated bacteria failed to colonise the filter unit and were, thus, driven to the plants by the nutrient solution. Their contribution to the establishment of a beneficial microbial community in the rhizosphere is discussed.