高硝化活性亚硝酸盐氧化细菌的培养和应用研究

针对本实验室筛选得到的一株亚硝酸盐氧化细菌(nitrite-oxidizingbacteria),研究了在28℃~30℃、摇床转速为110r/min时,pH、氮源、碳源、NaCl、有机物对菌体生长的影响。结果表明,培养基pH8·0~8·5、NaNO2含量4,500mg/L、Na2CO3含量1·5g/L、NaCl含量0~0·5%、葡萄糖含量0~0·1%时,亚硝酸盐氧化细菌生长良好,培养9d时,细菌浓度可达4·6×109MPN/mL,且培养基中的NO2--N能全部被硝化为NO3--N。培养基中NaCl含量大于0·5%、葡萄糖含量大于0·1%时,亚硝酸盐氧化细菌对氮源的利用受到抑制。亚硝酸盐氧化细菌降解淡水养殖池塘中的NO2--N试验表明,在水温25℃、pH8·6的池塘中,NO2--N从菌体投放后的第3d开始下降,18d后NO2--N由1·47mol/L下降至0·49mol/L。     

好氧反硝化细菌N6-1亚硝酸盐还原活性的研究

针对本实验室筛选得到的1株好氧反硝化细菌(Aerobic Denitrifying Bacteria)N6-1,研究了培养条件和培养基组分对菌株亚硝酸盐还原活性的影响.结果表明,其最适培养条件为30℃、摇床转速120 r/min、初始pH 8.5,分别以NaNO2和乙酸钠为唯一氮源和碳源时,最适碳氮比为12;初始NaNO2浓度为2g/L时,培养20 h后NO2- -N全部被还原,平均还原速率可达20.3 mg/L·h;1.5%NaCl和1%蛋白胨对其亚硝酸盐还原活性没有明显影响;10 L发酵罐培养24 h后菌体浓度高达1.2×1011 CFU/mL.     

复合载体固定亚硝酸盐氧化菌处理养殖废水

利用新型复合载体固定亚硝酸盐氧化菌,确定了挂膜条件,考察了水力停留时间对NO2--N去除率的影响,并进行对虾养殖水处理.结果表明,新型载体可以较好地固定亚硝酸盐氧化菌,在水力停留时间为12 h、6 h、3 h、1 h的条件下,NO2--N的最大去除率分别为100%、98.77%、90.59%、59.02%.在HRT为1 h时,固定化的亚硝酸盐氧化菌可以高效去除养殖水体中的NO2--N,去除率达76.94%.     

一株好氧反硝化菌的分离鉴定及其除氮特性

【目的】生物除氮中反硝化菌具有重要的作用,需氧反硝化菌研究较少,有着很好的应用潜力,本研究主要从环境样品中分离具有高效去除铵氮和亚硝酸盐氮活性的好氧反硝化菌,并对其分类及除氮特性进行研究。【方法】以高效去除铵氮、除亚硝酸盐氮和好氧反硝化能力为主要指标,从富营养化的池塘淤泥水和工厂污泥样品中进行菌株分离筛选。通过生理生化特点以及16S rRNA序列分析对活性最好的菌株进行初步鉴定。在好氧条件下,分别以NO-3-N、NH+4-N和NO-2-N作为唯一氮源,考察菌株的好氧反硝化特性、去除铵氮和亚硝酸盐氮特性,以及不同初始pH值、温度、碳源、摇床转速对该菌去除铵氮和亚硝酸盐氮特性的影响。【结果】得到的细菌中,以菌株C-4的活性最好,其16S rRNA序列与不动杆菌的同源性达99%,结合生理生化特点,初步确定菌株C-4属于不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter sp.)。以柠檬酸钠作为碳源,30℃、120 r/min振荡培养,种龄为18 h,用初始pH为8.5的200 mg/L NH +4-N培养基和初始pH为7.5的100 mg/L NO -2-N培养基进行测定,分别培养15 h与12 h,净除氮率分别达到65.8%和47.8%。【结论】从鱼塘水样中分离到一株好氧反硝化菌C-4,初步鉴定为不动杆菌属的一个种(Acinetobacter sp.),具有较高的反硝化特性和高效去除铵氮与亚硝酸盐氮的能力,在处理实际池塘污水时中,净除氮率可达73.04%以上。     

金属离子对粪产碱杆菌C16的脱氮和亚硝酸盐积累的影响

【目的】研究不同金属离子对异养氨氧化细菌C16的生长和脱氮性能影响,探讨适于C16生长和脱氮的金属离子及其浓度。【方法】实验选用Mg2+、Mn2+、Fe2+、Cu2+、Zn2+5种金属离子,对C16的生长﹑脱氮性能﹑亚硝酸盐氮积累以及相关酶活性进行研究。【结果】Mg2+明显促进C16的生长和NH4+-N氧化速率;较高浓度Mn2+使得C16无法生长;原培养基中缺少Fe2+会抑制C16的生长和NH4+-N氧化速率;在原培养基中加入0.1 mmol/L的Cu2+对C16的生长和脱氮具有一定的促进作用,Cu2+使得培养基中基本无NO2--N和NH2OH的积累;不同浓度的Zn2+对C16的生长和氨氮去除有抑制作用。酶活实验结果显示,0.1 mmol/L Mg2+促进了羟胺氧化还原酶(HAO)的活性;0.1 mmol/L Cu2+促进了硝酸盐还原酶(Nar)和亚硝酸盐还原酶(Nir)的活性。【结论】Mg2+是C16生长和脱氮过程中的一种重要金属离子;加入Cu2+可避免过量亚硝酸盐积累。     

短乳杆菌(Lactobacillus brevis)去除亚硝酸盐的研究

短乳杆菌有较强去除亚硝酸盐能力 ,亚硝酸盐含量在 2 5 0mg L以内 ,接种短乳杆菌48h亚硝酸盐全部去除。短乳杆菌处理亚硝酸盐主要处于亚硝酸还原酶还原亚硝酸盐阶段。短乳杆菌去除亚硝酸盐的最适pH值为 5.0～ 6.0 ,最适温度为 3 0℃ ;在其它条件不变的情况下 ,发酵初期 (1 0～ 2 6h)亚硝酸盐去除量随接种量的增加而增加 ,最适接种量为5 %。亚硝酸盐含量在 2 0 0mg L以内 ,短乳杆菌对亚硝酸盐的去除量与底物浓度有极显著的线性关系。     

不同轮作模式下土壤氮磷淋移和蔬菜硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐积累

2009年以沈阳市蔬菜生产示范基地为平台,研究不同轮作模式对消减设施菜地土壤氮、磷淋移和蔬菜硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐积累的作用.结果表明:经过一年的蔬菜种植后,设施菜地土壤pH呈下降趋势,下降了0.09～0.47单位;与本底相比,菜地土壤表层的全磷含量明显升高,速效磷含量(86.80～161.04 mg·kg-1)明显高于60 mg·kg-1的警戒指标,设施菜地土壤硝态氮(NO3--N)含量较高,并发生明显的淋移;除菠菜中亚硝酸盐含量超标外,3种轮作模式下的蔬菜硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量都符合国家无公害蔬菜安全标准;针对保护地土壤酸化、磷素累积和NO3--N淋移现状,应采取相应措施予以恢复;从3种轮作模式的结果看,在油菜一黄瓜-豇豆轮作模式下,土壤对pH的变化幅度最小,且土壤NO3--N的淋移现象较弱,氮、磷的回收率也较高,但在消减土壤磷淋移以及蔬菜硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐积累方面效果不明显.     

一株氨氧化链霉菌的分类鉴定及其氨氧化特性的研究

从硝化反应器中分离获得一株链霉菌。根据其形态特征、培养特征、生理生化特性,（G+C）mol％含量以及16S rDNA序列和DNA杂交结果,将其归入链霉菌属中的比基尼链霉菌（Streptomycesbikiniensis）。该菌株既能在YD培养基上异养生长,也能在无机培养基上自养生长,异养生长速率(Vmax为0.39mg/L\5d)明显高于自养生长速率（Vmax为0.22mg/L.d）。异养生长时,氨氮主要用于合成细胞物质;自养生长时,部分氨氮用于合成细胞物质,部分氨氮转化成亚硝酸盐。在无机培养基上自养生长时,最适氨浓度为118mgN/L。最适生长pH值为9.36,最适氨氧化pH值为9.29。最适生长温度为31℃,最适氨氧化温度为40.6℃。提高溶解氧浓度有利于该菌株生长和氨氧化,菌体生长对溶解氧浓度的敏感性高于氨氧化。     

鸡菌液体深层发酵的研究

本文研究了不同碳源、氮源和起始pH对鸡菌液体深层发酵的影响。采用均匀设计方法对发酵培养基进行优化,发现当培养基的组成为大米水解糖4.29%, KH2PO4 0.31%,酵母粉0.53%,pH 4.5时,在28℃、150r/min的条件下培养5d,生物量可高达19.8g/L。     

鸡（土从）菌液体深层发酵的研究*

本文研究了不同碳源、氮源和起始pH对鸡菌液体深层发酵的影响。采用均匀设计方法对发酵培养基进行优化,发现当培养基的组成为大米水解糖4.29%, KH2PO4 0.31%,酵母粉0.53%,pH 4.5时,在28℃、150r/min的条件下培养5d,生物量可高达19.8g/L。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).