大麦黄花叶病及其真菌介体禾谷多粘菌的研究进展

禾谷多粘菌Polymyxa graminis L.是一种土传真菌,传播10种植物病毒。在大麦上,它传播大麦黄花叶病毒(Barley Yellow Mosaic Vrius,BaYMV)和大麦温和性花叶病毒(Barley Mild Mosaic Virus,BaMMV)。由于此二种病毒在大麦上所引起的症状相似,故统称大麦黄花叶病。     

应用F(ab')_2~-酶联吸附分析法检测大麦黄花叶病毒

F(ab′)_2酶联免疫吸附分析法(F(ab′)_2-ELISA)成功地用于大麦黄花叶病毒(BaYMV)的常规检测和诊断.其步骤是先用稀释1000—4000倍的抗血清F(ab′)_2包被反应板,加待测样品和稀释1000倍的同种抗血清或IgG,然后再加A蛋白碱性磷酸酯酶和底物,测定OD值。比较试验表明,ELISA稀释缓冲液加入1％小牛血清或1％全脂奶粉,BaYMV的测检灵敏度可提高达2.5—5.0ng/ml,病叶汁液检测终浓度为稀释1600—3200倍。我国BaYMV分离物与英国分离物的血清学性质完全一致。BaYMV在大麦病株中以叶部含量较高,茎中含量次之,根部测不出病毒。检测和诊断田间样品,即使有的样品已不新鲜,也均能得到满意的结果。此方法也成功地用于大麦温和花叶病毒(BaMMV)、小麦黄花叶病毒(WYMV)、燕麦花叶病毒(OMV)和燕麦金色条纹病毒(OGSV)等禾谷多粘菌传麦毒的检测,这S种病毒的血清学关系研究表明,除BaYMV和WYMV之间具有血清学关系以外,其余彼此均不反应。     

应用F（ab′）2—酶联吸附分析法检测大麦黄花叶病毒

F(ab′）2酶联免疫吸附分析法（F(ab′）2－ELISA）成功地用于大麦黄花叶病毒（BaYMV)的常规检测和诊断,其步骤是先用稀释1000－4000倍的抗血清F(ab′）2包被反应板,加待测样品和稀释1000倍的同种抗血清或IgG,然后再加入A蛋白碱性磷酸酯酶和底物,测定OD值。比较试验表明,ELIS稀释缓冲液加入1％小牛血清或1％全脂奶粉,BaYMV的测检灵敏度可提高达2．5－5．0ng/ml,病叶汁液检测终浓度为稀释1600－3200倍。我国BaYMV分离物与英国分离物的血清学性质完全一致。BaYMV在大麦病株中以叶部含量较高,茎中含量次之,根部测不出病毒。检测和诊断田间样品,即使有的样品已不断鲜,也均能得到满意的结果。此方法也成功地用于大麦温和花叶病毒（BaMMV)、小麦黄花叶病毒（WYMV）、燕麦花叶病毒（OMV）和燕麦金色条纹病毒（OGSV）等禾谷多粘菌传麦毒的检测,这5种病毒的血清学关系研究表明,除BaYMV和WYMV之间具有血清学关系以外,其余彼此均不反应。     

大麦黄花叶病相关基因WRKY55的克隆及功能研究

大麦黄花叶病是我国长江中下游地区大麦种植区域的主要病毒病害,由大麦黄花叶病毒(BaYMV,Barley yellow mosaic virus)及大麦和性花叶病毒(BaMMV,Barley mild mosaic virus)引起,自然条件下病毒寄生于禾谷多黏菌中,通过感染大麦根部导致病害发生。本研究通过分析RNA-seq数据,获得感染BaMMV后上调表达的基因HORVU1Hr1G069640(WRKY55)。荧光定量PCR分析发现WRKY55在感病品种中的表达水平极显著高于抗病材料,说明WRKY55参与到大麦感染黄花叶病的过程。WRKY55全长870 bp,在415～594位核苷酸之间含有WRKY保守结构域,系统进化分析显示该基因位于独立的进化分枝。组织表达分析发现该基因主要在根部和幼嫩组织中表达,而其他成熟部位表达较少甚至没有。农杆菌介导的烟草亚细胞定位实验发现WRKY55位于整个细胞。酵母转录因子活性分析实验未检测到转录激活活性,酵母双杂交实验未检测到WRKY55与感病基因编码蛋白eIF4E和PDIL5-1存在物理相互作用。这些结果显示WRKY55参与到大麦黄花叶病感染。     

大麦黄花叶病毒单克隆抗体的制备

大麦黄花叶病毒(Barley yellow mosaic virus,BaYMV)广泛分布于西欧、日本和我国长江中下游和东部沿海地区,严重危害了大麦生产,并呈现出不断蔓延扩大的趋势。该病毒经土壤禾谷多粘菌介体感染大麦后,病毒繁殖发病的状况,易受到大麦品种不同、环境温湿度等因素的影响,发病程度的差异很大,而且还发现带毒隐症的大麦品种,使大麦抗源筛选和大麦抗性品种的选育工作受到严重干扰,因此迫切需要建立一种快速、灵敏和准确的检测方法。目前,比较理想的方法是ELISA等免疫学技术。     

我国大麦和性花叶病毒（BaMMV）研究初报

本文根据F(ab′)2－ELISA和ISEM实验,结合病毒粒子长度测定,报道了江苏省如东县农科所大麦黄花病毒源（吕种盐辐矮早3）中除存在大麦花花叶病毒（BaYMV）外,还复合感染大麦和性花叶病毒（BaMMV）,这是我国BaMMV的第一次报道。     

感染大麦黄花叶病毒(BaYMV)的大麦细胞质内含体及细胞器病变的研究

超薄切片电镜观察表明,在感染大麦黄花叶病毒(BaYMV)的大麦(品种“早熟3号”)叶肉细胞中,液泡周围偶而可看到病毒颗粒束,在发病后期黄化或坏死的叶肉细胞中,可见到散布的病毒颗粒。在所有表现症状的病叶叶肉细胞,表皮细胞和木质部薄壁细胞中均可观察到风轮体、束状体、板状集结体以及膜状体等细胞质内含体,未见 卷简体和细胞核内含体。感病初期细胞中,细胞质丰富,核糖体数量增加,内质网肥大,随着病毒症状发喂,叶绿体、线粒体等细胞器逐渐肿大,外膜破裂直至解体。     

利用异种动物抗血清双抗夹心法检测小麦黄花叶病毒

小麦黄花叶病毒(Wheat yellow mosaic virus,WYMV),属于马铃薯Y病毒科(Potyviridae),大麦黄花叶病毒属(Bymovirus),传播介体为禾谷多粘菌(Polymyxa graminis),与发生在欧美的小麦梭条花叶病毒(WSSMV)为同一属内的两种病毒[1].     

小麦黄花叶病毒基因组核苷酸序列分析

以小麦黄花叶病毒 (WYMV)HC分离物为材料 ,合成病毒基因组cDNA并进行序列分析 .结果表明 ,病毒RNA1共有 76 2 9个核苷酸 ,编码 1种由 2 40 7个氨基酸组成的多聚蛋白 ,切割产生病毒外壳和其他 7种可能的蛋白质 .该病毒的RNA2共有 36 39个核苷酸 ,编码 1种由 90 3个氨基酸组成的蛋白 ,可能切割产生 2种非结构蛋白 .WYMV虽然与小麦梭条花叶病毒 (WSSMV)在基因组结构上具有相似性 ,但是两者间在核苷酸及氨基酸水平上的同源性却分别低于 70 %和 75 % .由此结果可以确认 ,WYMV与WSSMV是大麦黄花叶病毒属 (Bymovirus)的 2种不同病毒 .     

小麦黄花叶病毒基因组核苷酸序列分析*1)

以小麦黄花叶病毒(WYMV)HC分离物为材料,合成病毒基因组cDNA并进行序列分析.结果表明,病毒RNA1共有7 629个核苷酸,编码1种由2 407个氨基酸组成的多聚蛋白,切割产生病毒外壳和其他7种可能的蛋白质.该病毒的RNA2共有3 639个核苷酸,编码1种由903个氨基酸组成的蛋白,可能切割产生2种非结构蛋白.WYMV虽然与小麦梭条花叶病毒(WSSMV)在基因组结构上具有相似性,但是两者间在核苷酸及氨基酸水平上的同源性却分别低于70%和75%.由此结果可以确认,WYMV与WSSMV是大麦黄花叶病毒属(Bymovirus)的2种不同病毒.     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.