猪瘟病毒E2蛋白表位分析及其单克隆抗体可变区cDNA测序

猪瘟病毒(CSFV)囊膜表面结构糖蛋白E2(gp55)是诱导机体产生中和抗体及激发保护性免疫应答的主要抗原蛋白。E2和E^ms与细胞表面受体的相互作用介导病毒对细胞的感染过程。本文采用抗CSFV(Alfort Tiibingen毒株)E2结构蛋白的单克隆抗体c2410和a18,淘选噬菌体展示的12肽随机肽库,对CSFV E2蛋白表位进行分析。研究发现：单克隆抗体c2410和a18识别同一线性表位,定位于E2蛋白的832-837位氨基酸(SPTTLR),但二者在ELISA和免疫印迹分析中对不同表(拟)位的反应性存在差异。自杂交瘤细胞中提取总RNA,对单克隆抗体轻链和重链可变区cDNA进行序列分析。结果表明：c2410和a18虽然来源于同一批次融合的杂交瘤细胞系,识别同一表位,但仍属于不同的单克隆抗体。     

猪瘟病毒囊膜糖蛋白E2中和表位的定位及其免疫反应性分析

猪瘟病毒(CSFV)囊膜结构糖蛋白E2(gp55)是激发保护性免疫应答的主要抗原蛋白。E^ms和E2与细胞表面受体的相互作用介导病毒对细胞的感染过程。采用抗CSFV中和性单克隆抗体c24／10,淘选噬菌体展示的12肽随机肽库,结合噬菌体拟位免疫反应性分析结果,对CSFV E2蛋白中和表位进行定位。结果表明：F2蛋白的SPTTLR基序(832～837位氨基酸)构成CSFV特异性线性中和表位,基序的第一、二、三位氨基酸是表位与单克隆抗体c24／10结合所必需的氨基酸,也是表位的关键性氨基酸。     

猪瘟病毒糖蛋白E^rns中和表位的鉴定和比较

猪瘟病毒 (CSFV)囊膜结构糖蛋白Erns(gp4 8)是诱导机体产生中和抗体及激发保护性免疫应答的第二抗原蛋白。E2和Erns与细胞表面受体的相互作用介导CSFV感染细胞的过程。Erns具有RNA酶活性 ,影响病毒自身复制并涉及对病毒的中和效应。采用抗CSFValfortT櫣ｂｉｎｇｅｎ毒株Ｅｒｎｓ糖蛋白的 1B5 ,b4_2 2和 2 4 16单克隆中和抗体 ,筛选噬菌体展示的 12肽随机肽库 ,进行Erns中和表位的鉴定和比较 ,获得分别针对 1B5、b4_2 2和 2 4 16单克隆抗体的 3个主要中和表 (拟 )位基序WxNxxP、DKNR (Q)G和A(T)CxYxKN ,分别定位于Erns的 35 1位～ 35 6位或 348位～ 35 0位、384位～ 386及 32 2位～ 32 3位、380位～ 386位氨基酸区域。分析表 (拟 )位基序与单克隆抗体的免疫反应性差异。b4_2 2和 2 4 16单克隆抗体识别基序存在共有序列KN ,识别Erns中的相似抗原区 ,但其侧翼序列及免疫印迹、免疫荧光抗体抑制试验结果均存在显著差异     

猪瘟病毒糖蛋白Erns中和表位的鉴定和比较

猪瘟病毒（CSFV）囊膜结构糖蛋白Erns（gp48）是诱导机体产生中和抗体及激发保护性免疫应答的第二抗原蛋白。E2和Erns与细胞表面受体的相互作用介导CSFV感染细胞的过程。Erns具有RNA酶活性,影响病毒自身复制并涉及对病毒的中和效应。采用抗CSFV alfort Tübingen 毒 株Erns糖蛋白的1B5, b4_22 和24/16单克隆中和抗体,筛选噬菌体展示的12肽随机肽库,进行Erns中和表位的鉴定和比较,获得分别针对1B5、b4_22 和24/16单克隆抗体的3个主要中和表（拟）位基序WxNxxP、DKNR (Q) G和 A（T）CxYxKN,分别定位于Erns的351位～356位或348位～350位、384位～386及322位～323位、380位～386位氨基酸区域。分析表（拟）位基序与单克隆抗体的免疫反应性差异。B4_22 和 24/16单克隆抗体识别基序存在共有序列KN, 识别Erns中的相似抗原区,但其侧翼序列及免疫印迹、免疫荧光抗体抑制试验结果均存在显著差异。     

针对猪瘟病毒E2蛋白的嵌合猪源化单克隆抗体的表达及抗病毒活性鉴定

猪瘟(Classical swine fever,CSF)是严重危害养猪业的一种烈性传染病,常造成巨大的经济损失,是世界动物卫生组织要求必须申报的动物疫病之一。猪瘟的病原是猪瘟病毒(Classical swine fever virus,CSFV),CSFV的结构蛋白由衣壳蛋白(C)和囊膜糖蛋白(E~(rns)、E1、E2)构成。E2蛋白是CSFV主要的保护性抗原,可以诱导机体产生中和抗体,从而抵抗CSFV的感染。此前,本团队制备了一株针对CSFV E2蛋白的鼠源单克隆抗体HQ06。文中将HQ06抗体重链和轻链可变区基因与猪源恒定区基因嵌合后克隆至真核表达载体,利用中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞制备一株针对CSFV E2蛋白的嵌合猪源化单克隆抗体c HQ06。应用ELISA、Western blotting试验证实了c HQ06与CSFV E2蛋白具有良好的反应性;中和试验结果表明c HQ06可以中和CSFV。综上所述,本研究应用CHO细胞稳定表达了具有良好反应性和中和活性的针对CSFV E2蛋白的嵌合猪源化单克隆抗体c HQ06,为研究CSFV E2蛋白结构、功能以及开发新型的CSFV诊断和治疗制剂奠定基础。     

流行性乙型脑炎病毒E蛋白结构域Ⅲ的抗原表位鉴定与功能研究

流行性乙型脑炎病毒(Japanese encephalitis virus,JEV)是一种严重危害人畜健康的虫媒病毒.表面囊膜蛋白(E蛋白)是该病毒的主要结构蛋白.E蛋白在介导病毒与宿主细胞的吸附、融合,决定病毒的血凝活性、细胞嗜性以及决定病毒毒力和诱导宿主产生保护性免疫反应中起重要作用.E蛋白结构域Ⅲ(EⅢ)是诱导中和抗体的重要区域.为确定乙型脑炎EⅢ的抗原表位,实验首先克隆了JEV疫苗株SA14-14-2的EⅢ区域,并用pGEX-6P-1载体进行融合表达,免疫印迹分析表明,该融合蛋白能被抗JEV血清识别.为了进一步对该结构域进行抗原表位作图,设计了14个覆盖该区域且部分重叠的短肽.将各短肽与GST进行融合表达与纯化.短肽融合蛋白经JEV阳性血清免疫印迹和EUSA免疫反应性扫描分析,结果鉴定出,E39(306TEKFSFAKNPVDTGHG320)、EA5-l(355VTNPFVATSSA366)、FA8-1(377FGDSYIV384)和E49(385VGRGDKQINHHWHKAG400)4个线性抗原表位.分别将4个抗原表位融合蛋白免疫小鼠,制备各抗原表位单因子血清,结果经体外病毒中和试验表明,E39为具有病毒中和活性的抗原表位.试验结果为进一步分析JEVE蛋白结构与功能以及诊断试剂和表位疫苗的研究提供了重要工作基础.     

抗人肌糖蛋白C单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

目的:制备抗人肌糖蛋白C(tenescin-C,TN-C)单克隆抗体并鉴定.方法:根据人TN-C蛋白序列,用软件预测B细胞表位;化学合成优势表位蛋白肽,分别与钥孔戚血蓝素(KLH)和兔血清白蛋白(RSA)交联;取KLH-TN-C常规免疫BALB/c小鼠,取免疫小鼠脾细胞与Sp2/0细胞融合,用分别预包被KLH-TN-C或者RSA-TN-C融合蛋白的ELISA板筛选高亲和力单克隆抗体;取骨肉瘤组织进行免疫组化染色.结果:获得蛋白优势表位数据;成功将TN-C肽交联至KLH和RSA;获得3株抗人TN-C单克隆抗体,分别为IgG1和IgG2a亚型,腹水效价为10-6左右,免疫组化有阳性着染.结论:成功获得抗人TN-C单克隆抗体.     

SIVp27单克隆抗体的制备和鉴定

[目的]建立SIVp27杂交瘤细胞株,并对其分泌的SIVp27单克隆抗体进行初步鉴定。[方法]使用基因重组的SIVp27蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,采用杂交瘤技术使用半固体培养基法建立杂交瘤细胞株,制备单克隆抗体。通过染色体核型对杂交瘤细胞株进行鉴定;采用Westernblot、免疫荧光法、酶联免疫吸附法确定单克隆抗体的交叉反应性、相对亲和力、抗原识别表位、免疫球蛋白的类型和亚类,对单克隆抗体进行鉴定。[结果]获得四株可稳定分泌SIVp27单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞,1C3、2B6为IgG1类,2E12为IgG2b类,3G3为IgG2a类。四株单抗均能识别SIV的p27蛋白,与逆转录病毒SRV、STLV无交叉反应,2B6、2E12与HIVp24有交叉反应。免疫荧光法检测腹水效价为1:10240~40960。1C3、2B6、2E12、3G3染色体平均数分别为103、97、96、101。2E12与3G3识别不同的抗原表位。[结论]成功地制备出四株SIVp27单克隆抗体,均具有良好的特异性和亲和力,为进一步建立免疫分析方法,进行SIV/SAIDS及其艾滋病相关研究,奠定了基础。     

猪链球菌2型次黄嘌呤核苷酸脱氢酶单克隆抗体的制备及其识别表位分析

用纯化的硫氧还蛋白-IMPDH融合蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合,对杂交瘤细胞及时筛选,阳性孔经4次有限稀释法克隆,成功获得1A8、1F2、2D2和2D12共4株能稳定传代并分泌抗IMPDH的单克隆抗体(McAb)的杂交瘤细胞株.4株腹水型单克隆抗体间接ELISA效价分别为100x211、100x211、100x210和100x28,经Western-blot分析表明,4株单抗与硫氧还蛋白-IMPDH融合蛋白均具有特异性反应,并且通过4种IMPDH全基因分片段缺失表达的融合蛋白,分析了4株单抗所识别抗原决定簇的差异性,发现1A8、1F2,2D2识别表位的编码基因集中在IMPDH基因片段的627 bp～790 bp之间,2D12识别表位的编码基因则集中在IMPDH基因片段的411 bp～790 bp之间.猪链球菌2型中IMPDH单克隆抗体的获得及相应表位分析为研究IMPDH蛋白的生物学活性及免疫学活性奠定了基础.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒HuN4-F112弱毒株NSP2区表达猪瘟病毒E2基因表位的研究

建立共表达猪瘟病毒(Classic swine fever virus,CSFV)E2蛋白主要中和性抗原表位基因的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)反向遗传操作平台,为进一步研究PRRSV作为病毒载体提供实验数据。本研究在PRRSVHuN4-F112疫苗株感染性分子克隆的基础上,采用突变PCR技术将CSFV E2蛋白的主要中和性抗原表位基因插入HuN4-F112弱毒株PRRSV已鉴定出的两个NSP2蛋白的复制非必需区,经基因片段的克隆、拼接,构建了两株含有CSFV E2蛋白的主要中和性抗原表位基因的感染性PRRSV cDNA克隆psk-HuN4-F112-Δ508-532+E2和psk-HuN4-F112-Δ480-532+E2。用限制性内切酶SwaΙ分别将两株共表达的感染性克隆线性化,之后通过细胞外转录获得病毒RNA,用脂质体法分别将病毒RNA转染BHK-21细胞包装出病毒粒子,再分别将其转接到MARC-145细胞传代拯救出两株病毒。分别对两株拯救病毒进行RT-PCR扩增、酶切和序列分析鉴定。结果表明,两株拯救病毒含有不同于亲本病毒的分子标记(拯救病毒基因组的14 667位因同义突变产生的MluⅠ酶切位点)和插入基因序列。间接免疫荧光试验表明,CSFV E2蛋白主要中和性抗原表位基因均能在两株拯救的PRRSV中表达,且能够在其传代过程中稳定遗传。病毒生长特性结果比较显示两株拯救病毒与亲本病毒在MARC-145细胞上具有相似的增殖特性。本研究构建了两株共表达CSFV E2蛋白主要中和性抗原表位基因的PRRSV感染性克隆并获得了拯救病毒,且外源基因能在拯救病毒中稳定表达,为进一步开发新型PRRSV二联疫苗提供了有效的反向遗传操作平台。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。