紫花苜蓿和斜茎黄耆水力提升作用及其对伴生植物的效应

为探讨紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)及斜茎黄耆(沙打旺, Astragalus laxmannii)与禾本科牧草混播后的水力提升现象, 揭示深、浅根性牧草的种间关系, 为混播草地的建植提供理论依据, 该研究开展了室外“上下盆”分根盆栽试验、采用土壤水分测定及“重水” (D₂O, 氘(D)含量>99.9%)标记法估算了苜蓿及斜茎黄耆分别与‘冬牧70’黑麦(Secale cereal ‘Dongmu 70’)不同混播比例(豆科:禾本科分别为3:7、5:5、7:3)条件下水力提升的发生情况及其对伴生牧草生长生理性状的影响。结果表明: ‘冬牧70’黑麦与斜茎黄耆混播后的产量显著高于其与紫花苜蓿混播后的产量, 同一种禾豆牧草混播组合不同混播比例中, 以AC2 (紫花苜蓿:‘冬牧70’黑麦为5:5)和BC3 (斜茎黄耆:‘冬牧70’黑麦为7:3)混播组合的总产量最高。不同单混播组合的单株整个生育期内日均提水量存在显著差异, 两种豆科牧草在混播时日均提水量均高于单播时, 斜茎黄耆单混播时的日均提水量显著高于紫花苜蓿, BC2组合(斜茎黄耆:‘冬牧70’黑麦为5:5)的日均提水量高于其他混播组合。在用标记水处理下盆土壤后, 各组合上下盆土壤水氢稳定同位素比率(δD)值显著升高。不同禾豆牧草组合上盆土壤水δD及禾本科牧草茎秆水δD、整株碳同位素分辨率(Δ¹³C)和产量数据表明, 在斜茎黄耆与‘冬牧70’黑麦混播比例为3:7、紫花苜蓿与‘冬牧70’黑麦混播比例为5:5时, 禾本科牧草水分状况或产量好于其他混播比例。以上结果表明, 两种深浅根豆科牧草与浅根性禾本科牧草混播种植时发生了水力提升现象, 两种豆科牧草提升的水分可以被伴生的禾本科牧草所吸收利用。     

Hydraulic lift of Medicago sativa and Astragalus laxmannii and its effect on their neighborhood plants

为探讨紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)及斜茎黄耆(沙打旺, Astragalus laxmannii)与禾本科牧草混播后的水力提升现象, 揭示深、浅根性牧草的种间关系, 为混播草地的建植提供理论依据, 该研究开展了室外“上下盆”分根盆栽试验、采用土壤水分测定及“重水” (D₂O, 氘(D)含量>99.9%)标记法估算了苜蓿及斜茎黄耆分别与‘冬牧70’黑麦(Secale cereal ‘Dongmu 70’)不同混播比例(豆科:禾本科分别为3:7、5:5、7:3)条件下水力提升的发生情况及其对伴生牧草生长生理性状的影响。结果表明: ‘冬牧70’黑麦与斜茎黄耆混播后的产量显著高于其与紫花苜蓿混播后的产量, 同一种禾豆牧草混播组合不同混播比例中, 以AC2 (紫花苜蓿:‘冬牧70’黑麦为5:5)和BC3 (斜茎黄耆:‘冬牧70’黑麦为7:3)混播组合的总产量最高。不同单混播组合的单株整个生育期内日均提水量存在显著差异, 两种豆科牧草在混播时日均提水量均高于单播时, 斜茎黄耆单混播时的日均提水量显著高于紫花苜蓿, BC2组合(斜茎黄耆:‘冬牧70’黑麦为5:5)的日均提水量高于其他混播组合。在用标记水处理下盆土壤后, 各组合上下盆土壤水氢稳定同位素比率(δD)值显著升高。不同禾豆牧草组合上盆土壤水δD及禾本科牧草茎秆水δD、整株碳同位素分辨率(Δ¹³C)和产量数据表明, 在斜茎黄耆与‘冬牧70’黑麦混播比例为3:7、紫花苜蓿与‘冬牧70’黑麦混播比例为5:5时, 禾本科牧草水分状况或产量好于其他混播比例。以上结果表明, 两种深浅根豆科牧草与浅根性禾本科牧草混播种植时发生了水力提升现象, 两种豆科牧草提升的水分可以被伴生的禾本科牧草所吸收利用。     

巨桉林草间作模式中牧草的耐阴生理适应性

研究了不同郁闭度巨桉林下鸭茅、多年生黑麦草和扁穗牛鞭草的耐阴生理适应性.结果表明:随着林分郁闭度的增加,3种牧草的光饱和点(LSP)、光补偿点(LCP)、叶绿素a/b(Chla/Chlb)、游离脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性糖(SS)和可溶性蛋白(SP)含量呈下降趋势,表观量子效率(AQY)、叶绿素 (Chl)含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性有不同程度的提高;随着林分郁闭度的增加,扁穗牛鞭草的日均净光合速率(P_n)呈下降趋势,鸭茅和多年生黑麦草的P_n先增加后下降,且在林分郁闭度分别小于0.54和0.27时,二者的P_n均高于对照;3种牧草的11项生理指标与郁闭度的相关性均达到显著水平（P<0.05）;运用平均隶属函数法对3种牧草的耐阴适应性进行排序,结果为鸭茅＞多年生黑麦草＞扁穗牛鞭草.     

黑麦对难溶性磷酸盐的吸收及活化机制研究

以2个黑麦品种冬牧70和King为材料,研究了植物对难溶性磷酸盐的吸收及活化,以揭示植物抵御酸性土壤逆境的机制.结果显示,(1)在活性铝含量高的赤红壤中施用磷酸铝、磷酸铁、磷酸钙等难溶性磷酸盐后,植株的生物产量和磷的积累量分别增加了0.84~6.38倍和0.60~20.5倍,且施用难溶性磷酸盐后冬牧70的生物产量和磷的积累量的增加量明显高于King.(2)铝胁迫下2种黑麦根系分泌物中的阴离子组分均能溶解难溶性磷酸盐,而在中性或阳离子组分中的难溶性磷酸盐溶解不显著;HPLC图谱显示,阴离子组分中含有柠檬酸和苹果酸.(3)铝胁迫下根系有机酸分泌量随铝处理浓度(10、30、50μmol/L AlCl3)的增加而增加,而且在柠檬酸或苹果酸溶液中难溶性磷酸盐的溶解度显著增加,其溶解的磷随有机酸浓度的增加而增加.(4)黑麦冬牧70品种对难溶性磷酸盐的吸收、阴离子组分对难溶性磷酸盐的溶解及有机酸分泌作用均较King强.结果表明,在铝胁迫下根系分泌的有机酸是黑麦活化、吸收土壤中难溶性磷的有效机制.     

川西北草原沙化区多年生禾草混播草地的群落学特征

在川西北高原沙化生境中,应用6种禾本科牧草进行了不同种群组合处理,研究其群落特征与系统的稳定性。结果表明：群落物种多样性随均匀度增加而减小(相关系数为0.94);在构建的13种人工群落中,垂穗披碱草＋多花黑麦草＋紫羊茅＋沙生冰草群落具有较高的盖度、生物量和多样性指数,适合恢复川西北地区的退化、沙化草原植被;在所有供试物种中优势度最大的3种牧草分别是川草2号老芒麦、垂穗披碱草和沙生冰草。     

小黑麦附加系选育研究（一）

小黑麦附加系“82—4030”暂名“品加系1号”,目前己获第六代种子,性状稳定,表现穗大、粒多、早熟、籽粒大而饱满。凡2n=44者,其蛋白质和赖氨酸含量均高。染色体数稳定(约90%在2n=44),经核型,带型(Giemsa-C带)及酯酶同功酶谱分析结果表明,肯定附加上的一对染色体为黑麦染色体,得到的是麦类新资源小黑麦二体异附加系。     

一种非光敏特早熟小麦品种光温特性之初探

以强冬性小麦品种京冬8号为对照,采用分期播种试验,分析了非光敏特早熟小麦新品种冬早5号的生长发育进程和光温特性,并探讨了播期对两种小麦品种生育期和产量的影响.结果表明,冬早5号小麦品种比对照品种京冬8号早熟3～4 d,标准播期增产43.4%.冬早5号小麦品种在低温、短光照条件下也能完成正常的穗分化进程,其每经历一个穗分化期Z所用的天文日照时数、有效积温和光温积明显少于京冬8号.该品种在穗分化阶段对光照不敏感,无需经过严格的春化阶段和光照阶段,品种类型介于冬性和春性之间,冬前适播期较广,适合秋播也可以春播,这在小麦育种领域是个突破.     

高寒山区混播草地燕麦和毛苕子种间竞争对密度的响应

混播草地种内与种间竞争的强弱和转化受混播牧草相对密度的制约。2010年6-9月采用取代系列实验方法,在石羊河上游建立燕麦(Avena sativa)和毛苕子(Vicia villo-sa)混播草地,按燕麦与毛苕子相对密度设置1∶0(KY)、8∶2(A)、6∶4(B)、5∶5(C)、4∶6(D)、2∶8(E)和0∶1(KM)7个处理,研究了密度制约下混播草地一年生牧草种间竞争的变化。结果表明:混播草地在密度影响下各物候期的种内与种间竞争发生不同程度的转化,所有混播处理中燕麦相对产量(RYy)随牧草的生长逐渐增加;混播处理A、B和C中毛苕子相对产量(RYm)随牧草的生长逐渐减小,混播处理D和E中逐渐增加;在燕麦出苗期和分蘖期除混播处理A外其余混播处理中两牧草为敌对关系(RYT<1),在牧草生长后期所有混播处理中两牧草转化为共生关系(RYT!1),且燕麦的竞争能力强于毛苕子(RCCy!1、RCCm"1);所有混播处理在牧草整个生长阶段的竞争偏利于燕麦(AG<1)。混播草地内种间竞争在各物候期表现出明显的密度制约现象,实现了资源协同利用目标。     

刈割冬牧70黑麦地上生物量动态与草群再生效应的研究

通过刈割冬牧70黑麦研究一、二茬草地上生物量动态特征及草群的再生效应,结果表明:从返青至初夏(6月7日)的生长期内,冬牧70黑麦可收获两茬草,地上最高总生物量可达1004.20g/m²,表明其具有强的光合生产效率。通过一、二茬草生产性能比较可以看出,在最高总生物量中,二茬草占57.11%,生长天数占总生长天数的42.06%;一茬草鲜干比相对较大,茎叶比则相对较低,说明一茬草更适合用作青饲或制备青绿饮食品,二茬草则更利于制备干草饲用或纤维食品。AGR与RGR的比较可进一步证明一茬草后期的管理对草群总生物量的形成具有重要的作用。本研究为最大限度发挥冬牧70黑麦生产性能及实施高效生态农业工程提供理论依据。     

多花黑麦草在酸化铅锌尾矿上的定植和生长

铅锌矿尾矿上设置长喙田菁压青和不压青处理,在此基础上研究多花黑麦草的萌发、生长和重金属积累情况.结果表明,种植长喙田菁改善了尾矿理化性状,尤其是提高了有机质、全N、有效态磷和K的含量.尾矿的强酸性环境(pH<3)是影响黑麦草在其上定植的主要因素.施用石灰可暂时改善尾矿酸度,但实验结束时尾矿酸度几乎完全恢复原状.因此,施用石灰可能只对种子发芽产生作用.大多数情况下多花黑麦草能在尾矿上萌发、生长和定植,并产生较大的生物量(DM1.4～3.2t·km^-2),表现出对酸性尾矿环境的一定的适应性.与未栽培长喙田菁的对照相比,栽培长喙田菁处理以及栽培长喙田菁并压青处理分别使多花黑麦草的生物量提高了4.8%～39.5%和7.7%～139.5%,其中压青处理又比不压青处理提高了2.7%～75.8%.“长喙田菁多花黑麦草”植被系列是一个成功的铅锌矿尾矿废弃地复垦的先锋阶段.     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.