基于分子证据确认秦岭藤属与驼峰藤属(夹竹桃科)的系统位置

秦岭藤属(Biondia Schltr.)是中国特有属,约13种,驼峰藤属(Merrillanthus Chun & Tsiang)是仅在我国与柬埔寨分布的单种属,目前两个属均被归并到白前属(Vincetoxicum Wolf),由于取样和系统发育分析尚存一些欠缺,因此其系统位置和归属尚需进一步确认。该文使用2个核糖体基因序列片段(ITS、ETS)、5个叶绿体基因序列片段(psbA-trnH、trnG、trnL、trnL-F、trnT-L),以及二者的合并数据,重建娃儿藤亚族(Tylophorinae)(包含属的模式秦岭藤 [B. chinensis Schltr.=V. shaanxiense(Schltr.)Meve & Liede]与驼峰藤 [M. hainanensis Chun & Tsiang=V. hainanense(Chun & Tsiang)Meve, H. H. Kong & Liede])的系统发育树。结果表明:秦岭藤属与驼峰藤属均包含在白前属中,秦岭藤与青龙藤 [B. henryi(Warb.)Tsiang & Li=V. henryi(Warb.)Meve & Liede]互为姐妹类群,并与V. kawaroense Meve & Liede聚为一支,而黑水藤 [B. insignis Tsiang=V. insigne(Tsiang)Meve, H. H. Kong & Liede]在另一分支中(亚热带分支Subtropical Clade); 驼峰藤属与V. cissoides(Blume)Kuntze和V. philippicum Meve, Omlor & Liede聚为一支。核糖体和叶绿体基因数据均支持秦岭藤属与驼峰藤属归并入白前属,但秦岭藤属为多系,尚需收集更多种类和数据合并分析,深入探讨归并后白前属的种间系统关系和位置。     

中国万代兰属(兰科)一新记录种——双色万代兰

该文报道了在中国西藏林芝地区墨脱县发现的中国兰科(Orchidaceae)万代兰属(Vanda W. Jones ex R. Br.)一新记录种——双色万代兰(Vanda bicolor Griff.)。双色万代兰与白柱万代兰(V. brunnea Rchb. f.)的形态较近似,但前者唇瓣中裂片正面粉色或黄绿色,不具纹,先端稍开裂,易与后者相区别。同时还描述了该新记录种的形态特征,并提供了彩色图版。该研究为兰科植物的研究提供了基础,对丰富我国兰科植物物种多样性具有一定意义。     

中国鸢尾兰属(兰科)植物二新记录种

该文报道了兰科(Orchidaceae)鸢尾兰属(Oberonia Lindl.)2个中国新记录种,即心唇鸢尾兰(O. orbicularis Hooker f.)和凭祥鸢尾兰(O. delacourii Gagnep.)。其中,心唇鸢尾兰(O. orbicularis)与国内分布的全唇鸢尾兰(O. integerrima)和扁葶鸢尾兰(O. pachyrachis)均较为相似,但该种花葶中下部两侧具狭翅,不与叶合生,唇瓣边缘具明显的啮蚀状齿或细流苏状,先端中部具明显凹缺,可明显区别。心唇鸢尾兰(O. orbicularis)于2013年首次发现于云南省勐腊县,为中国新记录种。凭祥鸢尾兰(O. delacourii)与剑叶鸢尾兰(O. ensiformis)最为相近,但前者唇瓣中裂片先端小裂片近方形,小裂片先端边缘具流苏状齿,可明显区别于后者。凭祥鸢尾兰自1929年发表以来,除模式产地老挝外,至今未见新分布点的报道,为中国新记录种。文中提供了两个新记录种的形态特征描述,凭证标本存放于中国科学院华南植物园标本馆(IBSC)。     

日轮果属，越南唇形科黄芩亚科一新属

描述并绘制了越南唇形科一新属及新种：日轮果属(Heliacria Bo Li,C.L.Xiang,T.S.Hoang&Nuraliev)和日轮果(H. maritima Bo Li,C.L.Xiang,T.S.Hoang&Nuraliev)。日轮果属因具攀援藤本习性,花大且花冠为纯白色,花萼近辐射对称、5深裂、裂片长且在果期增大并开展,果实顶端具放射状的瘤状突起等特征而明显区别于黄芩亚科的其他5属。目前,该属仅发现于越南东南部沿海的平定省、富安省、庆和省和宁顺省,常生于海岸边干旱的低地矮林中。     

中国橐吾属(菊科-千里光族)的分类学研究(五):君范橐吾、长毛槖吾和南川橐吾原白中一些排印错误的改正

对我国菊科橐吾属(Ligularia Cass.) 3种植物原白中模式标本引证的排印错误进行了改正。君范橐吾(L. lingiana S.W. Liu)原白中错误地将主模式标本引证为赵清盛82946,实际应为赵清盛、牟克平和杨亚斌8294。长毛槖吾(L. changiana S.W. Liu ex Y. L. Chen & Z. Yu Li)(=L. heterophylla C. C. Chang,为L. heterophylla Rupr.的晚出同名)主模式为蔡希陶59771,但L. heterophylla C. C. Chang 的原白中错误地将主模式标本引证为蔡希陶59711;该号标本属于唇形科的灯笼草[Clinopodium polycephalum (Vaniot) C. Y. Wu & Hsuan]。南川橐吾(L. nanchuanica S. W. Liu)原白中引证的副模式标本熊济华和周子林93871实际应为李国凤63871,前者属于桤叶树科的城口桤叶树(Clethra fargesii Franch.)。     

中国大陆天麻属(兰科)一新记录种——乌来天麻

该文报道了在广西七冲国家级自然保护区发现的中国大陆兰科(Orchidaceae)天麻属(Gastrodia R. Brown)一新记录种——乌来天麻(G. uraiensis T. C. Hsu & C. M. Kuo)。乌来天麻形态较近似于春天麻(G. fontinalis T. P. Lin),但乌来天麻的花序、花被筒较短,唇盘中部具4条纵向脊,脊向舌状先端延伸、合并成更高的2条,易与春天麻相区别。同时,还描述了新记录种的形态特征,提供了彩色图版,并讨论了此次新发现的生物地理学意义。     

梭菌属分类研究进展:现状和展望

目前构成梭菌属的微生物在系统发育和表型特征上不一致。多相分类数据表明,梭菌属物种之间差异大。大量基于16S rRNA 基因的系统发育研究表明,梭菌属应被限定为梭菌属类群I,作为狭义梭菌属(Clostridium sensu stricto)。尽管有这方面认识,梭菌属新物种仍持续增加,这些新物种并不能与梭菌属类群I 和标准种丁酸梭菌(C. butryicum)形成一致分支,引发梭菌属分类上的混乱。本文明确了梭菌属物种的范围,即只包括模式种和梭菌属类群I。此外,4 个物种念珠状真杆菌(Eubacterium moniliforme)、旋舞真杆菌(Eubacterium tarantellae)、最大八叠球菌(Sarcina maxima)和胃八叠球菌(Sarcina ventriculi)应被调至梭菌属,分别命名为念珠状梭菌(Clostridium moniliforme)、旋舞梭菌(Clostridium tarantellae)、最大梭菌(Clostridium maximum)和胃梭菌(Clostridium ventriculi)。一个新属哈撒韦氏菌属(Hathewaya)被提议成立,3 个梭菌属物种溶组织梭菌(Clostridium histolyticum)、泥渣梭菌(Clostridium limosum)和解朊梭菌(Clostridiumproteolyticum)重新归为溶组织哈撒韦氏菌(Hathewaya histolytica)、泥渣哈撒韦氏菌(Hathewaya limosa)和解朊哈撒韦氏菌(Hathewaya proteolytica),其中Hathewaya histolytica 为模式种。     

卫矛科沟瓣属与卫矛属的数量分类学研究

卫矛属(Euonymus L.)和沟瓣属(Glyptopetalum Thw.)的系统关系长期以来备受争议,为理清它们之间的关系,该研究选择沟瓣属12种、卫矛属17种和假卫矛属(Microtropis Wall. ex Meisn.)2种,共计31个分类单元(OTUs),测量并统计了56个形态性状,同时利用聚类分析(UPGMA)和主坐标分析(PCoA)的方法进行了数量分类学研究。结果表明:沟瓣属与卫矛属具有较高的表征相似性,二者之间存在的过渡类群有缙云卫矛(Euonymus chloranthoides Yang)和淡绿叶卫矛(E. pallidifolium Hayata)以及海南沟瓣 [Glyptopetalum fengii (Chun & F. C. How)Ding Hou]、白树沟瓣 [G. geloniifolium(Chun & F. C. How)C. Y. Cheng]。该研究认为将沟瓣属作为卫矛属的一个组,即沟瓣组(Sect. Glyptopetalum),放在冬青卫矛组(Sect. Ilicifolia)附近更为合理。对性状的主坐标排序分析显示,叶片长度、叶片宽度、叶侧脉数目、花瓣数目、心室数目、每室胚珠数、花序分枝数、是否具有假种皮、蒴果是否开裂、花期与果序梗长度在卫矛属分类中具有重要的价值。     

缅甸紫金牛属新记录

报道了缅甸克钦邦分布的报春花科(Primulaceae)紫金牛属(Ardisia Swtarz)的3 新记录种:伞形紫金牛(Ardisia corymbifera Mez)、珍珠伞(Ardisia maculosa Mez)和Ardisia interjacens C. M. Hu & J. E. Vidal。     

中国青藓科植物分类学修订（一）：异叶藓属

在对世界异叶藓属（Kindbergia Ochyra）植物进行系统研究基础上,作者对中国分布的该属植物进行了分类学修订。结果表明：（1）中国分布的“树状异叶藓”［K.arbuscula(Broth.)Ochyra］、“异叶藓”［K.praelonga(Hedw.)Ochyra］和密枝燕尾藓［Bryhnia serricuspis(Müll Hal.)Y.F.Wang & R.L.Hu］为K.dumosa(Mitt.)Ignatov & Huttunen的错误鉴定;（2）因树状分枝的植物体、异形的茎枝叶、近及顶的强壮中肋和明显下延的叶基等特征不同于青藓科现存任一类群,故将中国分布的“异叶藓属”植物移入新建属——拟异叶藓属（Pseudokindbergia M.Li,Y.F.Wang,Ignatov & B.C.Tan）中;（3）拟异叶藓属区别于异叶藓属的主要形态特征为：假鳞毛半圆形至三角状半圆形,先端钝或平截;孢蒴倾立至水平;蒴盖圆锥形。（4）到目前为止,中国尚未发现异叶藓属植物的分布。     

广西被子植物二新记录属

在第四次中药资源普查中采集了大量标本,经过对这些标本进行仔细鉴定并查阅相关资料,确定其中两号标本为香茜属(Carlemannia Benth.)和粘腺果属(Commicarpus Standl.)植物。这两属植物在广西尚无报道,为首次记录。香茜属植物叶对生,子房下位,无托叶,雄蕊仅有2枚,这和茜草科相似但又不同,系统位置较混乱,以前曾放于茜草科( Rubiaceae)和忍冬科( Caprifoliaceae)中,最近该属和蜘蛛花属独立成香茜科( Car-lemanniaceae)。该属植物共有3种,沿喜马拉雅山脉向东一直分布到缅甸、越南北部。我国西藏东南、云南南部、广西西北部分布一种即香茜( Carlenannia chinenesis Hook. f.)。粘腺果属是紫茉莉科( Nyctaginaceae)主产热带地区的1个属,全世界约25种分布于热带非洲和阿拉伯半岛南部,在南亚、东南亚和墨西哥至热带美洲也有少量分布。中国产2种,其中广西产1种即中华粘腺果[ Commiaicarpus chinensis ( L.) Heim.]。该种植物分布广泛,从南亚次大陆向东至中南半岛、马来半岛,向北到我国西沙群岛、海南岛以及广州附近,在广西首次记录,产凤山县和凌云县。     

荨麻科三新种

该文描述了荨麻科三新种:(1)自中国重庆市发现的荨麻科荨麻属一新种,城口荨麻。此种与异株荨麻有亲缘关系,区别特征为此种的茎被少数刺毛,叶片多为心形,雄、雌花序均不分枝,瘦果在中央稍凹陷。(2)自中国广西发现的荨麻科赤车属一新种,来宾赤车。此种与特产云南东南部的富宁赤车相近缘,与后者的区别在于本种茎的毛开展或向上弯曲,叶片长椭圆形,基部斜楔形,雌花具3~4枚花被片,其中1~2枚较大花被片在背面顶端具一长筒状突起。(3)自缅甸北部发现的荨麻科楼梯草属一新种,克钦楼梯草。此种在体态上与骤尖楼梯草甚为相似,与后者的区别在于本种的每一茎节具正常叶和一退化叶,托叶狭披针状条形和无脉,雌总苞苞片无角状突起,雌小苞片较大,呈楔状长圆形,雌花具一小花被片,以及雌蕊具一宽倒卵球形柱头。     

Age and growth of the tropical oviparous shark,Chiloscyllium punctatum in Indonesian waters

The brown-banded bamboo shark, Chiloscyllium punctatum, is the most common shark caught in coastal commercial fisheries throughout Southeast Asia, yet there is a lack of the life-history information necessary for reliable stock assessments. The authors estimated growth rates and age at maturity using analysis of growth bands in vertebral centra. They trialled four different techniques to enhance the visibility and improve identification of the putative annual growth bands necessary for age estimation. The authors found that the burn method on whole vertebral centra provided the most readable and consistent results for age analysis. The logistic model was chosen as the best-fit growth model for age estimation of 330 individual C. punctatum from Indonesia. Several age verification methods, including marginal increment ratio and length-frequency analysis, were performed with the support of age validation through the use of calcein-labelled vertebrae from two sharks maintained in captivity. This study found that C. punctatum from Indonesian waters is a fast-growing species that can grow up to 18 cm year⁻¹, reach an estimated maximum total length of 1 m, mature at c. 6.5 years and live for up to 14 years.     

In silico and In vitro evaluation of the anti-inflammatory potential of Centratherum punctatum Cass-A

Centratherum punctatum Cass., a herb belonging to the family Asteraceae has been traditionally used as a curative against diverse disorders like inflammation, tumor, depression, and hypertension. Though the medicinal properties of this plant have been attributed to the presence of flavonoids, glucosides, alkaloids, Vitamin C, etc., the molecular constituents of this plant and of the flavonoids that contribute to its medicinal activity have not been explored yet. This work attempts to evaluate the potential of Centratherum punctatum extract as an anti-inflammatory agent. Ethanolic extracts of Centratherum punctatum analyzed by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) and Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) identified the presence of the flavones kaempferol, glycoside Isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, and kaempferol-3-glucoside. The plant extract exhibited anti-oxidant property as confirmed by DPPH assay and IC₅₀ value of 271.6 μg/mL during inhibition of protein denaturation, 186.8 μg/mL during RBC membrane stabilization, and 278.2 μg/mL for proteinase inhibition. Membrane stabilizing functions of flavones and flavones glycosides validated the anti-inflammatory potential of the extract. In silico evaluation using a rigorous molecular docking protocol with receptors of Cox2, TNF-α, Interleukin 1β convertase, and Histamine H1 predicted high binding affinity of the isoflavones and isoflavone glycosides of Centratherum punctatum Cass. The interactions have also been shown to compare well with that of known drugs valdecoxib through Gln178, His342, and Gly340, desloratadine (through Lys191 and Thr194) and belnacasin (through Asp288 and Gly287) proven to function through the anti-inflammatory pathway. This work establishes the anti-inflammatory potential of Centratherum punctatum Cass. extract as an alternative to existing therapeutic approach to inflammation through a systematic in silico approach supplementing the findings.     

江苏省花椒属(芸香科)植物地理分布新记录

报道江苏省花椒属地理分布新记录植物1种——椿叶花椒(Zanthoxylum ailanthoides Sieb.et Zucc.),并对该省花椒属植物进行了补充记述。椿叶花椒分布于中国东南部(福建、浙江、江西、广东、广西、贵州、四川、云南、台湾)至东亚和东南亚的热带与亚热带地区,在江苏为新记录,且是该种分布的最北界。凭证标本存放于南京师范大学生命科学学院生物标本馆(NJNUH)。     

四川绿绒蒿属二新种

该文描述了自四川西北部发现的罂粟科绿绒蒿属二新种:肋蕊绿绒蒿,可能与拉萨绿绒蒿近缘,区别特征为其叶片较狭,全缘,子房具4条纵肋; 以及狭瓣绿绒蒿,此种可能与川西绿绒蒿近缘,区别特征为其叶片较小,无毛,花瓣呈条状倒披针形。     

来宾赤车, 广西荨麻科一新种

描述了自广西发现的荨麻科赤车属一新种,来宾赤车。此种与特产云南东南部的富宁赤车相近缘,与后者的区别在于本种茎的毛开展或向上弯曲,叶片长椭圆形,基部斜楔形,雌花具3～4枚花被片,其中1～2枚较大花被片在背面顶端具一长筒状突起。     

大头茶属植物研究进展

大头茶属(Polyspora Sweet)为山茶科常绿树木,共50种,主要分布于南亚和东南亚地区。大头茶属植物均具有较高观赏价值,可作为热带和亚热带地区的园林绿化树种,部分种类兼具食用和药用价值。该文在对大头茶属种质资源和应用情况简要介绍的基础上,对其系统演化及分类、繁殖特征、生理特性、生态习性、育苗技术、化学成分及药理活性等方面的研究进展进行了较为详细的综述,提出了目前研究中存在的问题,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望,指出未来应扩大大头茶属的研究范围和种类,加强种质资源搜集、系统发育、遗传多样性等研究,重点关注大头茶属的引种栽培与种质创新,充分发掘其药用价值,开展临床转化和药物研制工作,可为合理开发利用野生大头茶属种质资源提供理论依据和研究思路。     

罂粟科绿绒蒿属三新种

该文描述了罂粟科绿绒蒿属三新种。(1)自四川西北部发现的二新种:肋蕊绿绒蒿,此种可能与拉萨绿绒蒿近缘,区别特征为此种叶片较狭,全缘,子房具4条纵肋;狭瓣绿绒蒿,此种可能与川西绿绒蒿近缘,区别特征为此种叶片较小,无毛,花瓣呈条状倒披针形。(2)自青海南部发现的一新种:短丝绿绒蒿,此种可能隶属于琴叶绿绒蒿亚属、滇西绿绒蒿组、滇西绿绒蒿系,与此系其他种的区别在于此种的披针状条形花瓣和较少、较短的雄蕊(花丝长1～5 mm)以及无花柱的雌蕊和被具短毛的硬毛子房。     

Molecular identification of natural hybridization between Melastoma malabathricum and Melastoama beccarianum in Sarawak,Malaysia

Hybridization is very common in flowering plants and it plays a significant role in plant evolution and adaptation. Melastoma L. (Melastomataceae) comprises about 80–90 species in tropical Asia and Oceania, among which 41 species occur in Borneo. Natural hybridization is frequently reported in Melastoma in China, but so far there have been no confirmed cases of hybridization in Southeast Asia (including Borneo), where most species occur. Here, we identified a case of natural hybridization between Melastoma malabathricum L. and Melastoma beccarianum Cogn. in Sarawak, Malaysia, by using sequence data of three nuclear genes and one chloroplast intergenic spacer. Melastoma malabathricum is the most widespread species of this genus, occurring in almost the whole range of this genus, while M. beccarianum is a local species endemic to northern Borneo. Our results showed that natural hybridization and introgression occur between M. malabathricum and M. beccarianum, and the introgression was asymmetrical, mainly from M. malabathricum to M. beccarianum. As adaptive traits can be transferred by introgression, our study suggests that natural hybridization should be a significant mechanism for the evolution and adaptation of Melastoma in Southeast Asia. However, introgression from the common species M. malabathricum to the relatively rare species M. beccarianum may cause the decline of M. beccarianum, incurring conservation concern. With a large number of species of Melastoma and almost year‐around flowering in Southeast Asia, more cases of natural hybridization are expected to be found and identified in near future.