结合分子相似性、药效团和分子对接筛选新的HIV-1蛋白酶抑制剂

结合分子相似性、药效团和分子对接建立兼顾计算效率和预测准确度的HIV-1蛋白酶抑制剂筛选方法。首先通过对现有HIV-1蛋白酶抑制剂分子进行相似性分析,选取代表性的HIV-1蛋白酶抑制剂作为模板分子,构建和优化药效团模型,并从1万个化合物中优先筛选出500个化合物。而后采用分子对接方法进一步考察化合物与HIV-1蛋白酶结合情况,得到4个新的活性候选化合物,并进行其结合自由能计算和抗突变性分析。结果表明新候选化合物ST025723和HIV-1蛋白酶表现出较好的相互作用和抗突变性,具有深入研究的价值,同时也证明分子相似性、药效团和分子对接相结合能够快速有效地发现新颖活性候选化合物。     

基于处方挖掘与分子动力学模拟筛选严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2潜在抑制剂分子的研究

目的 从中药筛选具有潜在抑制严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 （SARS-CoV-2） 活性的成分，进一步从原子水平揭 示其抑制SARS-CoV-2 表面刺突蛋白（S 蛋白） 受体结合域（RBD） 与血管紧张素转化酶2 （ACE2） 结合的内在机制。 方法 检索新型冠状病毒（简称“新冠肺炎”） 治疗中药处方，构建“新冠肺炎中药候选活性成分数据库”。用具有ACE2 抑制活性的小分子化合物构建HipHop药效团模型，并对“新冠肺炎中药候选活性成分数据库”中活性成分筛选。采用分子 对接和分子动力学模拟方法研究候选活性成分与ACE2 的结合方式及其对SARS-CoV-2 S 蛋白与ACE2 识别的影响。 结果 本文通过中药处方挖掘和分子动力学模拟，从143 个新冠肺炎治疗中药处方中筛选出10 种可与SARS-CoV-2 S 蛋白/ 人源ACE2 识别位点结合的中药成分。其中，枇杷叶主要活性成分23-trans-p-coumaryhormentic acid 与ACE2 具有最高的亲和 力，且23-trans-p-coumaryhormentic acid 的结合可有效阻断SARS-CoV-2 S蛋白与宿主细胞ACE2 的结合。结论 本文通过虚 拟筛选发现了SARS-CoV-2 潜在抑制剂分子23-trans-p-coumaryhormentic acid，同时从原子水平预测了其抑制SARS-CoV-2 S 蛋白与ACE2 结合的内在机制，这将为SARS-CoV-2 特异性抗病毒药物的研发提供理论依据。     

花青素主要成分与HER-2激酶区的分子对接

用分子对接方法预测天然植物化学物质与受体蛋白的相互作用位点并探究作用机制。利用MVD(Molecular Virtual Docker 5.5)软件,以HER-2激酶区为受体模板建立活性位点,与12种花青素成分进行分子对接。结果表明12种化合物均能在同一活性腔中与HER-2激酶区对接(MolDock Score:苷元–105 kJ/mol,单葡糖苷–130 kJ/mol),主要作用力是疏水作用和氢键;该活性腔也是ATP与HER-2激酶区的结合(MolDock Score=–161 kJ/mol)位点,花青素的结合可能会干扰ATP与HER-2之间氢键的形成。提示花青素可能以竞争性结合方式阻碍ATP与HER-2的结合,抑制HER-2磷酸化激活及下游信号通路的激活,从而发挥抑癌活性。     

鸡血藤中黄酮类化合物与环氧合酶-2对接研究北大核心CSCD

探索黄酮类化合物抗环氧合酶-2的分子机理,筛选鸡血藤中选择性抗环氧合酶-2的黄酮类化合物。本研究应用Autodock 4.2软件对环氧合酶和环氧合酶抑制剂进行分子对接研究,建立阳性抑制剂结合自由能与抑制活性关系模型,并筛选鸡血藤中选择性抗环氧合酶-2的黄酮类化合物。阳性抑制剂与环氧合酶的对接模型R2分别为0.96997和0.84171,建立了预测能力较好的对接模型,可用于指导环氧合酶抑制剂的筛选。筛选结果表明,3',4',7-三羟基黄酮、儿茶素、没食子儿茶素、表儿茶素具有较强的环氧合酶-2选择性抑制活性,可作为母体用于新型抗炎药物设计。     

基于分子对接及酶抑制动力学探究红景天提取物体外α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性CSCD

为探究红景天提取物体外α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性及具有抑制作用的主要活性物质。该研究首先构建体外α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制体系,测定其抑制活性,通过酶抑制动力学判断抑制类型,然后采用UHPLC-QE-MS、分子对接进一步探索提取物中抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的主要活性物质。结果表明,红景天提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶具有较好的抑制效果,IC_(50)为1.538 mg/mL,抑制类型为竞争与非竞争性混合可逆抑制;UHPLC-QE-MS共检测出1245种化合物,其中脂肪酸类、萜类及其衍生物、黄酮及类黄酮类为化合物最多的3类,分别有107种、85种、66种,其次还鉴定出酚类、氨基酸类、糖类等多类物质;分子对接显示,20种相对含量较高的化合物中11种可与α-葡萄糖苷酶结合,(+)-表儿茶素结合能(-17.08 kJ/mol)最低、结合活性最佳,咖啡酸形成氢键最多为5个,分别与His-515、Arg-437、Glu-432、His-348残基相连,咖啡酸、L-苹果酸、槲皮素和酪醇具有相同结合位点Arg-437。研究旨为天然α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的开发以及红景天资源利用提供了基础研究。     

基于网络药理学探讨丹参-丹皮配伍抗脑缺血损伤的作用机制

本文旨在通过网络药理学和分子对接方法探讨丹参-丹皮活性成分治疗脑卒中的潜在分子机制。首先基于中药系统药理学分析平台筛选丹参、丹皮的活性成分及其作用靶点,利用CTD、TTD和GeneCards数据库收集脑卒中相关靶点。然后将药物和疾病靶点取交集,借助STRING数据库获取靶点间相互作用关系,利用R语言的ClusterProfiler包对其进行生物功能和通路富集分析。最后,通过Cytoscape软件构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用和成分-靶点-通路网络图,并利用AutoDock Vina软件对网络中的关键靶点及对应成分进行分子对接验证。结果显示丹参-丹皮成分作用于脑卒中的靶点67个,GO分析显示其主要参与脂多糖应答,细菌来源的分子反应,氧化应激等生物学过程。KEGG通路富集共得到149条通路(P<0.05),主要涉及AGE-RAGE信号通路、IL-17信号通路、TNF信号通路等。分子对接结果显示,筛选的主要活性成分与其对应靶蛋白均具有较好的结合活性。综上,本研究通过网络药理学预测了丹参-丹皮治疗脑卒中可能的药效物质基础及其作用机制,为进一步挖掘其药效成分和临床扩大使用范围提供科学依据。     

基于斑马鱼模型和动态分子对接技术探讨西洋参抗缺氧作用及潜在靶点CSCD

本研究利用斑马鱼模型和动态分子对接技术研究西洋参抗缺氧(hypoxia)的作用及潜在靶点。以AB系斑马鱼为实验动物,无水硫酸钠为造模剂诱导形成斑马鱼幼鱼缺氧模型,综合评价西洋参的抗缺氧作用。借助网络药理学技术筛选西洋参活性成分以及缺氧相关共有靶点;并使用STRING平台和Cytoscape 3.8.2软件构建蛋白-蛋白作用网络图,寻找西洋参抗缺氧可能的潜在靶点;利用动态分子对接技术验证活性成分与关键靶点的结合能力和稳定性。斑马鱼体内实验显示,西洋参提取物可明显增加斑马鱼在缺氧条件下的存活率,减轻因缺氧导致的神经行为状态(P<0.05),且呈剂量依赖性相关。共筛选获得西洋参7个潜在活性成分和5个抗缺氧潜在靶点;动态分子对接结果显示,西洋参关键活性成分与靶点之间有良好的结合能力,其中TNF、HSP90AA1与活性成分稳定结合,可能为西洋参抗缺氧的关键潜在靶点。综上,本实验建立的斑马鱼幼鱼抗缺氧模型可以快速简便地评价西洋参样品的抗缺氧活性,动态分子对接的结果显示该作用可能通过TNF以及HSP90AA1等靶点发挥作用,为后续西洋参抗缺氧机制研究提供了参考依据。     

鸡血藤中黄酮类化合物与环氧合酶-2对接研究

探索黄酮类化合物抗环氧合酶-2的分子机理,筛选鸡血藤中选择性抗环氧合酶-2的黄酮类化合物。本研究应用Autodock 4.2软件对环氧合酶和环氧合酶抑制剂进行分子对接研究,建立阳性抑制剂结合自由能与抑制活性关系模型,并筛选鸡血藤中选择性抗环氧合酶-2的黄酮类化合物。阳性抑制剂与环氧合酶的对接模型R2分别为0.96997和0.84171,建立了预测能力较好的对接模型,可用于指导环氧合酶抑制剂的筛选。筛选结果表明,3',4',7-三羟基黄酮、儿茶素、没食子儿茶素、表儿茶素具有较强的环氧合酶-2选择性抑制活性,可作为母体用于新型抗炎药物设计。     

模拟加速试验研究陈皮挥发性成分与黄酮类成分动态变化规律

采用色谱分析方法,研究陈皮在模拟加速试验条件下挥发性成分和黄酮类成分含量的动态变化规律,以探究陈皮"陈久者良"科学内涵。采用静态顶空进样提取挥发性成分,气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)和自动质谱退卷积定性系统(AMDIS)结合Kováts保留指数(Retention index,RI)对挥发性成分进行分析;利用HPLC-DAD法、UV紫外分光光度法测定样品中的黄酮含量。结果表明陈皮挥发性成分的含量均有下降,低沸点成分下降明显;黄酮类成分总黄酮与橙皮苷的含量呈先增后减的趋势,川陈皮素含量呈增加趋势。模拟加速试验方法用于研究中药贮藏过程中化学成分动态变化结果满意,但指标性成分含量变化对于表征陈皮药效组分整体特性变化具有局限性,应研究建立陈皮在贮藏中主要药效物质的化学特性表征谱,从物质基础变化角度阐释陈皮"陈久者良"科学内涵。     

新疆祖卡木颗粒活性成分防治新型冠状病毒肺炎的整合药理学和网络药理学研究

基于中医药整合药理学、网络药理学及分子对接技术探寻祖卡木颗粒的活性成分防治新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19),探讨其治疗COVID-19的可能的机制。祖卡木颗粒的10味中药借助于开放的4大数据库进行检索,并通过ADMET水平筛选得到48个候选成分。将候选成分通过预处理,作为做分子对接的配体。2019-nCoV-M~(pro)和ACE2作为做分子对接的受体,用AutoDock软件进行分子对接。能与2019-nCoV-M~(pro)和ACE2受体之间具有较好结合活性的成分有16个,其中木犀草素、毛纲草酚、大黄酸、芒丙花素、山奈甲黄素、半甘草异黄酮B、异鼠李素、洋芫荽黄素、山奈酚和槲皮素等10个活性成分满足score≥0.8的要求,并获取PIK3CG、AKT1和CDK6等91个核心靶标。核心靶标涉及226个GO和53条信号通路。祖卡木颗粒通过多成分,"神经-内分泌-免疫"多层面,多通路发挥对COVID-19的作用,为中医药-民族药进一步的药效物质基础和作用机理研究以及临床应用提供了理论依据。     

Bioassay-guided identification of an anti-inflammatory prenylated acylphloroglucinol from Melicope ptelefolia and molecular insights into its interaction with 5-lipoxygenase

A bioassay-guided investigation of Melicope ptelefolia Champ ex Benth (Rutaceae) resulted in the identification of an acyphloroglucinol, 2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-geranylacetophenone or tHGA, as the active principle inhibiting soybean 15-LOX. The anti-inflammatory action was also demonstrated on human leukocytes, where the compound showed prominent inhibitory activity against human PBML 5-LOX, with an IC(50) value of 0.42 μM, very close to the effect produced by the commonly used standard, NDGA. The compound concentration-dependently inhibited 5-LOX product synthesis, specifically inhibiting cysteinyl leukotriene LTC(4) with an IC(50) value of 1.80 μM, and showed no cell toxicity effects. The anti-inflammatory action does not seem to proceed via redox or metal chelating mechanism since the compound tested negative for these bioactivities. Further tests on cyclooxygenases indicated that the compound acts via a dual LOX/COX inhibitory mechanism, with greater selectivity for 5-LOX and COX-2 (IC(50) value of 0.40 μM). The molecular features that govern the 5-LOX inhibitory activity was thus explored using in silico docking experiments. The residues Ile 553 and Hie 252 were the most important residues in the interaction, each contributing significant energy values of -13.45 (electrostatic) and -5.40 kcal/mol (electrostatic and Van der Waals), respectively. The hydroxyl group of the phloroglucinol core of the compound forms a 2.56? hydrogen bond with the side chain of the carboxylate group of Ile 553. Both Ile 553 and Hie 252 are crucial amino acid residues which chelate with the metal ion in the active site. Distorting the geometry of these ligands could be the reason for the inhibition activity shown by tHGA. The molecular simulation studies supported the bioassay results and served as a good model for understanding the way tHGA binds in the active site of human 5-LOX enzyme.     

Lead modification: Amino acid appended indoles as highly effective 5-LOX inhibitors

N-1 tosyl indoles carrying amino acid as a part of C-3 substituent are identified with considerable 5-LOX inhibitory activities. On the basis of enzyme inhibitory activities and log P, it is found that these compounds are more suitable to use as ester prodrugs. In addition to the significant K_a and K_i for 5-LOX, advantageously the compounds under present investigation do not affect the viability of the cell. The experimental results were also supported by molecular docking of compounds in the active site of 5-LOX.     

New inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase catalytic activity based on 2-(3-methylphenyl)propanoic acid and 4-substituted morpholine derivatives

New potential inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) based on the structure of 2-(3-benzoylphenyl)propanoic acid (an active component of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug Ketoprofen) were designed using the SARD-21 program. The docking of these compounds in the active site of 5-LOX suggested that seven compounds can interact with this enzyme. Two of them can also be dual inhibitors of 5-LOX and two isoforms of cyclooxygenase.     

Non-covalent interaction of 2', 4', 5', 7'-tetrabromo-4, 5, 6, 7-tetrachlorofluorescein with proteins and its application

The interactions of 2', 4', 5', 7'-tetrabromo-4, 5, 6, 7-tetrachlorofluorescein (TBTCF) with BSA, ovalbumin (OVA) and poly-L-lysine (PLYS) at pH 3.70 have been investigated by combination of the spectral correction technique and the Langmuir isothermal adsorption. The active connection actions such as ion pairs, van der Waals' force, hydrogen bond, hydrophobic bond were proposed to explain the non-covalent interaction between TBTCF and BSA, OVA and PLYS. Effects of the electrolyte and high temperature indicated that union of the active connections between TBTCF and BSA and OVA was too firm to be destroyed. The relationship between the binding number of TBTCF and variety fraction of the amino acid residues was analyzed. The binding number of TBTCF depended on the number of positively charged amino acid residues. The other amino acid residues surrounded and seized TBTCF by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic bonds when the electrostatic attraction pulled TBTCF to link protein. In addition, a novel method named the absorbance ratio difference was established for determination of protein in trace level and was applied with much higher sensitivity than the ordinary method.     

Crystal structures of branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase complexed with glutamate and glutarate: true reaction intermediate and double substrate recognition of the enzyme

Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase (BCAT), which has pyridoxal 5'-phosphate as a cofactor, is a key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of hydrophobic amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine). The enzyme reversibly catalyzes the transfer of the amino group of a hydrophobic amino acid to 2-oxoglutarate to form a 2-oxo acid and glutamate. Therefore, the active site of BCAT should have a mechanism to enable recognition of an acidic amino acid as well as a hydrophobic amino acid (double substrate recognition). The three-dimensional structures of Escherichia coli BCAT (eBCAT) in complex with the acidic substrate (glutamate) and the acidic substrate analogue (glutarate) have been determined by X-ray diffraction at 1.82 and 2.15 A resolution, respectively. The enzyme is a homo hexamer, with the polypeptide chain of the subunit folded into small and large domains, and an interdomain loop. The eBCAT in complex with the natural substrate, glutamate, was assigned as a ketimine as the most probable form based upon absorption spectra of the crystal complex and the shape of the residual electron density corresponding to the cofactor-glutamate bond structure. Upon binding of an acidic substrate, the interdomain loop approaches the substrate to shield it from the solvent region, as observed in the complex with a hydrophobic substrate. Both the acidic and the hydrophobic side chains of the substrates are bound to almost the same position in the pocket of the enzyme and are identical in structure. The inner side of the pocket is mostly hydrophobic to accommodate the hydrophobic side chain but has four sites to coordinate with the gamma-carboxylate of glutamate. The mechanism for the double substrate recognition observed in eBCAT is in contrast to those in aromatic amino acid and histidinol-phosphate aminotransferases. In an aromatic amino acid aminotransferase, the acidic side chain is located at the same position as that for the aromatic side chain because of large-scale rearrangements of the hydrogen bond network. In the histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase, the acidic and basic side chains are located at different sites and interact with different residues of the disordered loop.     

Critical amino acids in the active site of meprin metalloproteinases for substrate and peptide bond specificity

The protease domains of the evolutionarily related alpha and beta subunits of meprin metalloproteases are approximately 55% identical at the amino acid level; however, their substrate and peptide bond specificities differ markedly. The meprin beta subunit favors acidic residues proximal to the scissile bond, while the alpha subunit prefers small or aromatic amino acids flanking the scissile bond. Thus gastrin, a peptide that contains a string of five Glu residues, is an excellent substrate for meprin beta, while it is not hydrolyzed by meprin alpha. Work herein aimed to identify critical amino acids in the meprin active sites that determine the substrate specificity differences. Sequence alignments and homology models, based on the crystal structure of the crayfish astacin, showed electrostatic differences within the meprin active sites. Site-directed mutagenesis of active site residues demonstrated that replacement of a hydrophobic residue by a basic amino acid enabled the meprin alpha protease to cleave gastrin. The meprin alphaY199K mutant was most effective; the corresponding mutation of meprin betaK185Y resulted in decreased activity toward gastrin. Peptide cleavage site determinations and kinetic analyses using a variety of peptides extended evidence that meprin alphaTyr-199/betaLys-185 are substrate specificity determinants in meprin active sites. These studies shed light on the molecular basis for the substrate specificity differences of astacin metalloproteinases.     

5-脂氧合酶及其抑制剂

5-脂氧合酶（5-lipoxygenase, 5-LOX）是生物体内一种重要的双加氧酶.5-LOX是催化花生四烯酸（arachidonic acid,AA）生成白三烯类（leukotrienes, LTs）的关键酶. LTs是重要的炎症介质,并且在许多疾病中发挥着重要作用.近年来,很多学者致力于5 LOX的研究,从而为5-LOX抑制剂的研发提供理论依据.本文对5-LOX的分子结构、细胞内定位、表达与活性调控及其抑制剂的研究进展进行综述.     

Computational screening of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors from micoroalgal metabolites by pharmacophore modeling and molecular docking

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP‐IV) catalyzes conversion of GLP‐1 (glucagon like peptide 1) to inert structure, which results in insufficient secretion of insulin and increase in postprandial blood glucose level. The present study attempts to identify novel inhibitors from bioactive metabolites present in microalgae against DPP‐IV through virtual screening, molecular docking, and pharmacophore modeling for the active target. Possible binding modes of all 60 ligands against DPP‐IV receptor were constructed using MTiOpenScreen virtual screening server. Pharmacophore model was built based on identified 38 DPP‐IV test ligands by using the web‐based PharmaGist program which encompasses hydrogen‐bond acceptors, hydrophobic groups, spatial features, and aromatic rings. The pharmacophore model having highest scores was selected to screen active DPP‐IV ligands. Highest scoring model was used as a query in ZincPharmer screening. All identified ligands were filtered, based on the Lipinski's rule‐of‐five and were subjected to docking studies. In the process of docking analyses, we considered different bonding modes of one ligand with multiple active cavities of DPP‐IV with the help of AutoDock 4.0. The docking analyses indicate that the bioactive constituents, namely, β‐stigmasterol, barbamide, docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, and harman showed the best binding energies on DPP‐IV receptor and hydrogen bonding with ASP545, GLY741, TYR754, TYR666, ARG125, TYR547, SER630, and LYS554 residues. This study concludes that docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, β‐stigmasterol, barbamide, harman, ZINC58564986, ZINC56907325, ZINC69432950, ZINC69431828, ZINC73533041, ZINC84287073, ZINC69849395, and ZINC10508406 act as possible DPP‐IV inhibitors.     

基于分子对接技术筛选中草药中潜在的H1N1病毒神经氨酸酶抑制剂

甲型H1N1流感病毒是一种高度接触性急性呼吸道传染病,给人类健康造成了极大威胁。作为一个已经被证明的抗流感药物靶点,神经氨酸酶在流感病毒复制和传播中发挥重要作用,并且其活性中心的氨基酸组成高度保守。本研究中,我们使用分子对接技术筛选从中草药小分子数据库中筛选神经氨酸酶潜在的抑制剂,结果得到4个亲和力高于奥司他韦(Osel-tamivir)的化合物,并确定了他们的中草药来源。为从草药中提取,设计以及实验合成新的神经氨酸酶抑制剂提供了一定的依据和指导。     

Structural insight into the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by 2,3,4, 5-tetrahydro-1, 5-benzothiazepines

Benzothiazepines 1-3 inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) enzyme in a concentration-dependent fashion with IC(50) values of 1.0 +/- 0.002, 1.2 +/- 0.005 and 1.3 +/- 0.001 microM, respectively. By using linear-regression equations, Lineweaver-Burk, Dixon plots and their secondary replots were constructed which indicated that compounds 1-3 are non-competitive inhibitors of AChE with K(i) values of 0.8 +/- 0.04, 1.1 +/- 0.002, and 1.5 +/- 0.001 microM, respectively. Molecular docking studies revealed that all the compounds are completely buried inside the aromatic gorge of AChE, extending deep into the gorge of AChE. A comparison of the docking results of compounds 1-3 displayed that these compounds generally adopt the same binding mode in the active site of AChE. The superposition of the docked structures demonstrated that the non-flexible benzothiazepine always penetrate into the aromatic gorge through the six-membered ring A, which allowed the ligands to interact simultaneously with more than one subsites of the active center of AChE. The higher AChE inhibitory potential of compounds 1-3 was found to be the cumulative effect of hydrophobic contacts and pi-pi interactions between the ligands and AChE. The relatively high affinity of benzothiazepine 1 with AChE was found to be due to additional hydrogen bond in benzothiazepine 1-AChE complex. The results indicated that substitution of halogen and methyl groups by hydrogen at aromatic ring of the benzothiazepine decreased the affinity of these molecules towards enzyme that may be due to the polar non-polar repulsions of these moieties with the amino acid residues in the active site of AChE. The observed binding modes of benzothiazepines 1-3 in the active site of AChE explain the affinities of benzothiazepines and provide a rational basis for the structure-based drug design of benzothiazepines with improved pharmacological properties.