中国境内不同地理型东方蜜蜂遗传多样性的AFLP分析

利用22对AFLP引物组合对我国9个省市的11个东方蜜蜂种群和1个西方蜜蜂种群的39个个体基因组DNA的遗传变异进行了研究;根据AFLP分析结果,采用GeneScan3.0软件、群体遗传数据分析包（Hickory v1.0.4） 和群体遗传变异分析程序（AFLP-SURV 1.0）,分别计算了39个个体间的遗传相似系数和各蜜蜂种群的Nei's遗传距离、Reynolds遗传距离和成对的固定指数F_st,并构建了各自的UPGMA聚类关系图。结果表明：AFLP标记具有很高的多态检测效率,适合于蜜蜂种群遗传多样性分析和品种鉴定。蜜蜂种间的遗传分化明显,亲缘关系较远。中国境内不同地理型东方蜜蜂群体间存在着广泛的遗传变异。UPMGA聚类关系图显示,海南东方蜜蜂由于长期的海岛隔离,已经形成了一个独特的类群,支持了通过形态学认定的海南东方蜜蜂为东方蜜蜂的一个新亚种。     

日本稻蝗部分种群遗传多样性研究

采用随机引物扩增多态性分析方法,研究我国长江以南地理距离跨度较大的6个不同种群日本稻蝗Oxya japonica的种群遗传学关系.10条随机引物对57个日本稻蝗个体共扩增出131个片段,其中多态性位点为128个,总的多态位点百分率是97.7%.种群问的遗传分化系数表明:日本稻蝗的遗传变异大部分存在于种群内.Nei's遗传距离显示:日本稻蝗种群问的遗传距离存在较大差异,河北平山种群和云南种群遗传距离最大,为0.1715,广东广州种群和广西南宁种群遗传距离最小,为0.0770.聚类结果分析表明,地理上相距较近的种群优先相聚,遗传距离、地理距离和亲缘关系间呈现出一定的相关趋势.     

内蒙古典型草原羊草种群遗传分化的RAPD分析

运用 RAPD技术对内蒙古典型草原不同生境 8个羊草种群进行分析。采用 2 4个随机引物 (10 nt)在 8个种群中共检测到2 2 4个扩增片断 ,其中多态性片断 173个 ,总的多态位点百分率达 77.2 % ,特异性片断 2 2个 ,占 9.82 % ,平均每个引物扩增的DNA带数为 9.3 3条。利用 Nei指数和 Shannon指数估算了 8个种群的遗传多样性 ,并计算种群相似系数和遗传距离 ,运用UPGMA法进行聚类分析。结果表明 :羊草大部分的遗传变异存在于种群内 ,只有少部分的遗传变异存在于种群间 ,Nei指数和Shannon指数计算结果分别为 85.4%和 66.8% ;羊草不同种群的遗传多样性存在差异 ;8个羊草种群平均遗传距离为 0 .2 3 16,变异范围为 0 .1587～ 0 .2 70 0 ,说明 8个羊草种群间的遗传变异不大 ,即 :在较小地理范围内羊草的遗传分化程度较小 ;8个种群可聚为 3个类群 ,聚类结果显示生境相似的种群能够聚在一起 ,而地理距离最近的种群不一定归为一类 ,说明小范围内羊草种群间的遗传分化与地理距离不存在相关性 ,而与其生境间的相似度相关。影响遗传相似性的不是单一因子而是各种因子的综合作用 ,较小地理范围内羊草种群间的遗传分化主要是由环境的异质性所引起的     

山西省及邻近地区中华稻蝗5个种群RAPD分析及其亲缘关系

采用10条10bp随机引物对来自山西省临猗县(山西南部)、屯留县、太原市近郊(山西中部)、代县(山西北部)、内蒙呼和浩特市郊5个不同种群的中华稻蝗(Oxya chinensis)和广西南宁日本稻蝗(Oxya japonica)共64个个体进行了RAPD分析,探讨了中华稻蝗5个不同种群的亲缘关系。结果表明：10条随机引物对供试的64个个体共产生115条谱带。所获片段的分子量大小为200～2500bp,单个引物扩增的谱带数是5～15条,平均为12条。根据扩增出的RAPD图谱,运用SPSS软件包中的Between-groups linkage法进行聚类分析,聚类结果显示,中华稻蝗不同种群的个体优先聚为1类;供试中华稻蝗5个种群的系统树分为两大分支,山西临猗种群、屯留种群亲缘关系最近,首先相聚,然后与太原种群聚为一支,山西代县和内蒙呼和浩特2种群聚为另一支,两支相聚后与日本稻蝗相聚。表明供试中华稻蝗5个种群存在一定程度的差异,其亲缘关系的远近与地理距离之间存在一定的正相关关系。     

日本稻蝗、中华稻蝗和赤胫伪稻蝗地理种群的RAPD遗传分化研究

运用10个RAPD引物对日本稻蝗(Oxya japonica)、中华稻蝗(Oxya chinensis)和赤胫伪稻蝗(Pseudoxya diminuta)的种群遗传分化进行分析。10个随机引物共产生135条带,扩增谱带具有明显的属、种间多态性。Shannon信息指数表明中华稻蝗遗传多样性水平较高(2．693),日本稻蝗次之(2.319),赤胫伪稻蝗最低(1．042)。中华稻蝗和日本稻蝗的不同地理居群出现遗传分化,由Shannon信息指数估算的种群间遗传分化系数分别为20．7％,42．4％。用UPGMA和NJ法对Nei’s遗传距离作聚类分析,构建分子系统树。系统树显示：同一种群的不同个体优先相聚,而后,同一种的不同种群依次相聚;日本稻蝗广西南宁种群和广东广州种群首先聚为一支,陕西西安种群和浙江杭州种群聚为另一支,两支相聚后与中华稻蝗聚在一起,最后与赤胫伪稻蝗相聚。聚类结果表明：不同地域日本稻蝗亲缘关系的远近与地理距离呈现一定的相关趋势,日本稻蝗与中华稻蝗亲缘关系较近,Nei’S遗传距离平均为0．142,而赤胫伪稻蝗与它们关系较远,Nei’s遗传距离平均为0．451。聚类图所显示的物种间亲缘关系的远近程度与形态分类学和细胞分类学结果相一致。     

蜡梅种质资源遗传多样性的ISSR分析

利用ISSR分子标记技术,对蜡梅种质资源7个野生种群和2个栽培种群的遗传多样性进行了研究。用11条引物,共扩增出124条谱带,其中110条多态带,多态位点占88.70％。用POPEGEN1.31版软件对数据进行分析,结果显示：种群总的Nei’s基因多样性指数为0.272 6,Shannon信息多态性指数为0.411 7,蜡梅总的遗传多样性水平较高。蜡梅不同种群遗传多样性水平差异较大,种群多态位点百分率在52.94％~90.00％之间,Nei’s基因多样性指数为0.143 4~0.378 2,Shannon信息多态性指数为0.232 2~0.546 6。神农架种群（SN）和保康种群（BK）的遗传多样性水平较高。种群间的基因分化系数为0.353 6,种群内的遗传变异大于种群间的遗传变异。用NTSYS2.01版软件对样品进行UPGMA聚类分析,结果9个种群并没有按地理距离进行聚类。种群间的地理距离和遗传距离之间没有显著的相关性(r＝0.437 1,P＝0.921 3)。     

海南和两广地区柱花草炭疽菌遗传多态性的RAPD分析

利用8个随机引物对来自海南、广东和广西的114个柱花草胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)的菌株进行了随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)分析, 扩增谱带大小0.2-3.0 kb。8个随机引物中以CW38114扩增的谱带重现性和稳定性最好, 共扩增出786条谱带, 其中多态性谱带558条。供试菌株扩增图谱在260-650 bp处有3条明显的共同特征谱带, 在650-3 000 bp之间的谱带显示较大的多态性差异。聚类结果表明: 供试菌株主要分为四大遗传类型, 其中第I类和第III类有两个亚类; 三省区的菌株遗传多态性丰富程度依次为海南>广西>广东, 并表现出地区性分布差异。研究结果还表明柱花草炭疽菌株表现出一定程度的专化寄生性。     

广西东方蜜蜂遗传多样性分析

[目的]东方蜜蜂Apis cerana是我国重要的经济昆虫,是生态循环中的重要环节,对其进行种群遗传研究能为东方蜜蜂遗传资源的发现、保护和利用提供基础.广西是我国东方蜜蜂重要的产区和分布区之一.[方法]本研究通过33个形态标记、38个微卫星标记和tRNAleu-CO Ⅱ片段的线粒体标记,对广西东方蜜蜂进行遗传分化、特征和遗传多样性分析.[结果]根据形态逐步判别-聚类分析、主成分-聚类分析,微卫星DAPC、Structure分析、聚类树分析、Fst、AMOVA分析,以及线粒体的Fst分析,结果显示广西东方蜜蜂没有发生种群遗传分化.广西东方蜜蜂的微卫星遗传多样性水平在各样点间较为稳定,但线粒体遗传多样性在广西不同样点间的差异较大.线粒体遗传结构易受人为影响,受人为影响小的9个样点线粒体结构中以Acmt01001为主要单倍型;在活框饲养技术发达的北流样点和北海样点,线粒体遗传结构的主要单倍型有2-3种,且Acmt01001比例不是最高的,这意味着人工育王等人为干扰影响较大.[结论]在广西环境基本一致且种群数量较大,基因流通畅的条件下,最远距离约650 km的样点间没有发生遗传分化,意味着东方蜜蜂仅由距离导致遗传分化的距离要大于650 km.根据广西东方蜜蜂遗传多样性现状,对广西东方蜜蜂遗传资源保护和利用提出了建议.     

三种松毛虫不同地理种群遗传多样性

运用13个ISSR引物对赤松毛虫(Dendrolimus spectabilis)、油松毛虫(Dendrolimus tabulaeformis)、落叶松毛虫(Dendrolimus superans)的种群遗传分化进行分析.13 个引物共产生195条带,其中184条具多态性,总的多态位点百分率为94.36%,扩增谱带具有明显的种间多态性.Shannon 信息指数和Nei信息指数均表明落叶松毛虫群体内的遗传多样性最高,油松毛虫与赤松毛虫则相差不多.各种松毛虫的不同地理居群出现了遗传分化,由Nei指数估计的群体间的遗传分化系数分别为15.50%、32.57%和41.92%.用UPGMA法对Nei′s遗传距离作聚类分析.聚类结果表明:不同地域的油松毛虫遗传距离与地理距离呈一定程度的相关趋势.     

内蒙古地区短花针茅（Stipa breviflora）种群遗传多样性

短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)属亚洲中部荒漠草原种,分布范围极其广泛,为荒漠草原地带重要的牧草资源.在内蒙古地区,短花针茅群落类型复杂多样,与本氏针茅(S.bungeana)、小针茅(S.klemenzii)和克氏针茅(S.krylovii)均能共同建群,具有很广的生态幅和很强的适应能力.研究以8个不同的短花针茅地理种群为对象,随机采集健康、无锈短花针茅叶片样本,通过RAPD(Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA,RAPD)分析,研究短花针茅种群的遗传多样性,丰富人们对短花针茅生物多样性的认识,也为合理利用短花针茅草原提供依据.结果表明,(1)从102条10碱基随机引物中筛选出28条有效引物,共扩增出308条DNA带,多态性DNA带151条,占49.03%,特异性DNA带45条,占14.61%.(2)遗传多样性较为丰富,多态性位点百分率为49.03%,但低于同种方法获得的大针茅(54.75%)和克氏针茅(74.67%)的遗传多样性.(3)等级聚类、PCA分析和UPGMA聚类3种不同方法都将8个不同地理种群分为同样的两类:暖温性种群和中温性种群,热量差异是主导因素,而且,与种群的空间分布相吻合.(4)经Mantel检验发现,遗传距离与地理距离存在显著相关性(r=0.534,P＜0.05).(5)Pearson相关分析表明,特异性位点百分率与≥10℃积温、干燥度和年平均降水量之间均无显著相关性.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.