阳际峰自然保护区地面生苔藓植物分布与环境因子关系研究

在江西阳际峰自然保护区调查的25个样地中,共采集到地面生苔藓植物34科56属106种（包括1变种）。应用CCA排序法,首次定量分析了该区38种主要地面生苔藓植物与环境因子的关系。结果表明,苔藓植物的分布和生物多样性受环境因子的影响较大,湿度、基质是影响地面生苔藓植物分布的主要环境因子,其他影响因子依次为乔木郁闭度、灌木盖度、海拔高度、人为干扰和坡度。     

北京百花山自然保护区不同植被地面生苔藓植物物种多样性

采用相似性系数和物种多样性指数对北京百花山自然保护区8种植被内地面生苔藓植物的物种多样性进行了研究,得知8种植被中地面生苔藓植物有13科31属65种（含种以下的单位）,优势科6科,优势种12种。不同植被中苔藓植物的物种组成、优势科和优势种不同,丛藓科和真藓科植物在草甸和灌丛内占绝对优势,而森林植被内的绢藓科为绝对优势科;油松林和落叶阔叶混交林的物种相似性最高为51.63,草甸和荆条灌丛与大部分植被的物种相似为0。地面生苔藓植物的分布与其生长的基质相关性最大,另外水分条件、小生境、草本层盖度和凋落物盖度等也影响地面生苔藓植物的分布。白桦林和落叶阔叶混交林应成为生物多样性保护的重点植被类型。     

浙江金华市区地面苔藓植物分布与环境因子关系研究

金华市区地面苔藓植物共计有26科、68属、132种。计测了30个样点中主要苔藓植物的盖度和7种环境指标,应用典范对应分析(ccA)对所获得的数据进行了分析,作出了反映苔藓植物分布与环境关系的双向排序图,并讨论了主要的地面苔藓植物的生态分布特点。依据环境因子与前两个排序轴的相关系数大小,发现影响本地区地面生苔藓植物分布的主要环境因子分别为林冠层郁闭度、土壤水分、交通频度、草本层盖度、土层厚度和土层松散程度。     

武汉市城区苔藓植物多样性和分布及与环境因子的关系

对武汉市7个中心城区和部分远郊城区共26个样点73个样地的苔藓群落进行调查,采集苔藓植物样本共431份。经鉴定调查区内共有苔藓植物20科35属91种,其中狭叶小羽藓（Haplocladium angustifolium（Hampe et C.Muell.）Broth.）和钝叶绢藓（Entodon obtusatus Broth.）等为优势种,分布于其中的24个样点。多样性指数分析结果显示,位于青龙山国家森林公园的α多样性Patrick和Shannon-Wiener指数最高,说明该样点苔藓植物群落的复杂程度高,群落所含信息量大。Patrick指数与环境因子的Pearson相关性分析结果显示,土壤含水率和与主要干道距离是显著影响地面生苔藓植物多样性的环境因子,而显著影响树附生苔藓植物多样性的环境因子仅与距主要干道距离相关。用典范对应分析法（CCA）研究26个样点中苔藓植物的盖度与主要环境因子的关系,结果发现人为干扰程度、草本盖度、与城市主要干道的距离等对地面生和树附生苔藓植物的分布都有显著影响。其中地面生苔藓植物的分布受人为干扰和草本盖度影响最为显著;而树附生苔藓植物的分布受附生树干胸径及与主要干道距离影响最为显著。研究结果表明武汉市区苔藓植物的多样性和分布受人为干扰较大,树附生苔藓对汽车尾气等因素更为敏感。     

北京市区苔藓植物空间分布与环境关系的研究

在2006年10月至2007年10月期间,对北京市五环路内及附近部分区域的苔藓群落进行了调查,共调查了31个地点、164个样地,采集苔藓植物标本327份。经整理鉴定,调查区有苔藓植物12科24属55种,其中阔叶小石藓（Weisia planifolia）和立碗藓（Physcomitrium sphaericum）等种类为调查区的广布种。通过对调查区同类型、不同地点苔藓植物多样性指数分析,发现北京市苔藓植物的分布特点为城西、城北苔藓植物多样性高于城东、城南。用典范对应分析法（CCA）分析27个样地中的20种地面生苔藓植物的盖度与主要环境因子的关系,结果表明,土壤含水量、距主干道距离、人为踩踏、土壤pH值、林木郁闭度等环境因子对北京市苔藓植物的分布有显著影响,其中土壤含水量、土壤pH值对苔藓植物分布的影响最为显著,北京市区大多数常见苔藓种类喜生于土壤含水量较高、偏酸性的环境。     

长白山地区森林生态系统树附生苔藓植物群落分布格局研究

 以苔藓植物盖度为指标,应用双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)和除趋势对应分析(DCA)对长白山地区不同森林类型36个样地的树附生苔藓植物群落分布格局进行了研究。结果表明,长白山地区树附生苔藓植物的分布格局与森林植被类型相对应,可分成落叶松林、岳桦林、暗针叶林、暗针叶林与红松阔叶林间过渡林、红松阔叶林、白桦林6类树附生苔藓植物群落类型,文章分析了影响树附生苔藓植物群落生态分布的环境因素。     

喀斯特石漠化过程中苔藓植物多样性及分布与环境关系

2012 年7 月对云南锅盖山喀斯特石漠化区进行野外调查, 共采集样品100 份, 采用经典形态分类法进行鉴定,分析了该区苔藓植物种类组成、物种丰富度、α 多样性指标、β 多样性指标、均匀度指数和石漠化过程中苔藓植物分布与主要环境因子的关系。结果表明: 该区有苔藓植物9 科17 属51 种; 山顶苔藓植物丰富度最高(0.595), 石芽区苔藓植物丰富度最低(–1.663), α 多样性指标和均匀度指数呈现出相同趋势: 石芽区到山脚明显增加, 其他样地间的变化不明显, β 多样性显示出物种从山腰到山顶变化最快, 群落从山脚到山腰变化变化最快; 不同石漠化等级区样地影响苔藓植物分布的主要环境因子为: 石芽区是干扰度和pH, 山脚和山腰是灌木度和草木度, 山上是海拔和乔木度。为该区喀斯特石漠化过程中苔藓植物分布状况提供参考, 并为保护喀斯特石漠化地区苔藓植物多样性提供基础数据。     

新疆博格达山地面生苔藓植物物种多样性研究

采用相似性系数和物种多样性指数对新疆博格达山地面生苔藓植物的物种多样性进行了研究．结果表明,博格达山地区苔藓植物区系具有丰富性和复杂性的特点,共有地面生苔藓植物32科73属186种(含变种、变型);山地荒漠带和山地草原带苔藓植物物种相似性最高,为0．6809,山地森林带和高山垫状植被带相似性最低,仅为0．1342;山地森林带苔藓植物在整个博格达山地面生苔藓植物群落中占据优势地位;山地森林带苔藓植物物种多样性最为丰富,为该山地苔藓植物多样性的分布中心,是苔藓植物多样性保护的关键地区．     

浙江西天目山主要森林类型的苔藓多样性比较

苔藓是森林的重要组分, 是森林保护区的重要保护对象, 在物种资源和生态系统功能维护中有重要作用。该研究以浙江西天目山国家自然保护区内7种主要森林类型(落叶矮林、落叶阔叶林、常绿-落叶阔叶混交林、常绿阔叶林、针阔混交林、针叶林和竹林)内的苔藓植物为对象, 调查了32个10 m × 10 m的样地, 记录地面生苔藓植物盖度和树附生苔藓植物多度, 采用重要值、相似性系数、多样性指数分析了森林类型间的苔藓植物多样性差异。共采集969份标本, 隶属41科84属142种, 其中苔类植物13科18属33种, 藓类植物28科66属109种, 优势科为灰藓科、青藓科和羽藓科。2种混交林(常绿-落叶阔叶混交林和针阔混交林)的物种丰富度和多样性指数均高于其余5种森林, 其中物种丰富度以针阔混交林最高, 苔藓植物多样性则以常绿-落叶阔叶混交林最高, 竹林两者均为最低。海拔等环境因子较为接近的植被类型的苔藓植物多样性相似性较高, 常绿阔叶林与针叶林相似性最高, 而落叶矮林和竹林相似性最小。     

新疆石人沟山区岩面生地衣群落分布格局的环境解释

地衣作为真菌和绿藻/蓝绿藻的成功共生体,广泛分布在陆地生态中的各种栖息地。岩面生地衣作为陆地生态系统的主要组成部分,在干旱和半干旱地区陆地食物链中具有重要地位,同时对岩石的生物腐蚀和土壤的形成有重要作用。岩面生地衣的多样性和分布格局强烈地受到海拔、湿度、温度、降水量、太阳辐射强度和基物的特征(岩石类型、岩石大小、岩石的化学成分和营养成分)等多种因素的影响。为了研究乌鲁木齐县石人沟山区岩面生地衣群落与基物间的关系,该研究在乌鲁木齐县石人沟山区设立16个样地,计测样地中岩面生地衣的盖度,包括坡度、坡向、光照强度等7个环境因子,采用典范对应分析法(CCA)对各群落的物种分布格局与环境因子的关系进行了探讨。结果表明:石人沟山区的岩面生地衣共有27种,隶属于7目9科15属。其中,黄枝衣目、茶渍目和鸡皮衣目的种类较多,占该地区岩面生地衣总数的74.07%。CCA排序结果显示坡度、坡向、光照强度、湿度、岩石pH值是5个影响岩面生地衣种类分布格局的主要环境因子,并显示了岩面生地衣与样地间的对应性。     

Spruce forest bryophytes in central Norway and their relationship to environmental factors including modern forestry

In this study of bryophyte diversity in 110 patches of spruce forests of bilberry, small fern, low herb, tall fern and tall herb type in Ser-Trøndelag, central Norway, each patch (from 0 24 to 9 33 ha) was classified as one main vegetation type and one successional stage or cutting class The bryophytes in each patch were censused in randomly established squares of 10 × 10 m, supplemented by complete sampling in the rest of the patch A number of environmental variables was sampled, and the data sets treated with DCA and CCA Altogether 210 bryophytes (71 liverworts and 139 mosses) were found in the squares, and 285 (96 liverworts and 189 mosses) in the forest patches The average number of liverworts, mosses and bryophytes in forest patches increased gradually from the dry and poor to the moist and rich forest types Several red listed and other interesting spruce forest species had their only or main occurrence in the rich and humid forest, and in old cutting classes     

Experimental transplants reveal strong environmental effects on the growth of non‐vascular epiphytes in Afromontane forests

Transplant studies can provide valuable information on the growth responses of epiphytic bryophytes and lichens to environmental factors. We studied the growth of six epiphyte species at three sites in moist Afromontane forests of Taita Hills, Kenya. With 558 pendant transplants, we documented the growth of four bryophytes and two lichens over 1 yr. The transplants were placed into the lower canopy of one forest site in an upper montane zone, and two forest sites in a lower montane zone. Several pendant moss species grew very well in the cool and humid environment of the upper montane forest, with some transplants more than doubling their biomass during the year. Conversely, all transplanted taxa performed poorly in the lower montane zone, presumably because of the unfavorable combination of ample moisture with excessive warmth and insufficient light which characterizes the lower canopy in dense lower montane forests. The results demonstrate that pendant transplants can be used for monitoring growth of non‐vascular epiphytes in tropical forests. The starting weight of 0.25 g for pendant transplants worked well and can be recommended for future studies.     

紫金山国家森林公园苔藓植物多样性及其与环境关系研究

为深入了解紫金山国家森林公园苔藓植物资源,对南京紫金山展开苔藓植物野外调查,应用典范对应分析(CCA)研究苔藓植物分布与环境间关系。结果表明,调查中共记录苔藓植物23科37属65种,青藓科(Brachytheciaceae)、丛藓科(Pottiaceae)、羽藓科(Thuidiaceae)和绢藓科(Entodontaceae)为优势科(≥6种),绢藓属(Entodon)、青藓属(Brachythecium)、匐灯藓属(Plagiomnium)和真藓属(Bryum)为优势属(≥4种);苔藓植物生境以土生为主,树生较少;苔藓植物生活型以交织型和丛集型为主,占比分别达46.15%和35.38%;苔藓植物区系以温带和东亚成分为主,区系成分呈现明显过渡性;CCA排序结果表明,湿度、坡向和海拔是影响该区域苔藓植物分布的主要环境因子。     

Influence of historical,geographical and environmental variables on understorey composition and richness in Danish forests

Question: What is the relative influence of forest continuity, environmental differences and geographical context on vegetation and species richness in ancient and recent forests? Location: Himmerland and Hornsherred in Denmark. Methods: Lists of forest species from deciduous forests were subjected to CCA with variation partitioning to quantify the relative amount of variation in species composition attributable to historical, present geographical and environmental variables. GLM was used to estimate the importance of the variables to species richness. Results: The importance of temporal forest continuity in one region was negligible but was considerable in the other. The variation in species composition explained by geographical, environmental and historical variables showed little overlap in both regions, particularly at the fine scale. Conclusions: This paper does not support the idea that differences in the flora between ancient and recent forests is mainly caused by environmental differences. Furthermore, species richness seemed unaffected by isolation and forest connectivity.     

The role of regional and local scale predictors for plant species richness in Mediterranean forests

Abstract

Both local and regional predictors play a role in determining plant community structure and composition. Climate, soil features as well as different local history and management affect forest understorey and tree species composition, but to date their specific role is relatively unknown. Few studies have addressed the importance of these predictors, especially in the Mediterranean area, where environmental conditions and human impacts have generated heterogeneous forest communities. In this study, the relationships between environmental variables and species richness of different groups of vascular plants (vascular species, woody species and open habitat species) and bryophytes were investigated in Tuscan forests. A total of 37 environmental variables were used by generalised linear model fitting in order to find parsimonious sub-sets of environmental factors (predictors) that are able to explain species diversity patterns at the local scale. Moreover, the role of regional and local variable groups on species richness of the considered plant groups was estimated by using the variance partitioning approach. We found that local variables, such as forest management and structure, explained more variance than regional variables for total species richness, open habitat species richness and bryophyte species richness. On the other hand, regional variables (such as elevation) played a central role for woody species richness.     

Bole epiphytic bryophytes on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lithocarpus xylocarpus</Emphasis> (Kurz) Markgr. in the Ailao Mountains,SW China

Epiphytic bryophytes growing on Lithocarpus xylocarpus (Kurz) Markgr. trunks of different diameter classes in primary (132 plots) and secondary (84 plots) Lithocarpus forests in the Ailao Mountains, SW China, were surveyed and analyzed to determine species composition and richness, and to identify environmental variables that may affect it. Among the 65 species (belonging to 32 genera, 19 families) found, 28 occurred in both forests, with Syrrhopodon gardneri (Hook.) Schwaegr. predominanting. Species richness and total coverage in primary forest were significantly higher than in secondary forest. We suggest that a period of perhaps much more than 110 years is necessary for the recovery of epiphytic bryoflora in montane forest of SW China. Fan, turf, and smooth mat are the most important life forms, with high occurrences in both forests. The life form composition of epiphytic bryophytes is determined mainly by microhabitat and host age. Tree age, the presence of primary forest, bark pH, and plot exposure are the environmental variables that have significantly influenced the composition of epiphytic bryophytes. Tree age explained most variations in epiphytic bryoflora. Bark pH is another important parameter that significantly influenced the epiphytic bryophyte community, but seemed indirectly correlated with tree age. Primary forest is a favorable habitat for epiphytes, due mainly to its diversified canopy structure and the presence of large diameter hosts. Moisture-laden southwest trade winds and forest structure could differentiate microclimate and impel a distinct composition of epiphytes in windward and leeward exposures.     

Bryophyte and lichen diversity: A comparative study

Abstract We describe the regional species richness, variation in species richness and species turnover of bryophytes and lichens from 36 sites in lowland forests of southeastern Australia. The analyses subdivided the two major taxa into their constituent sub-groups: mosses, liverworts, and crustose, fruticose and foliose lichens. They also explored correlations between selected environmental variables and patterns of diversity. On a regional scale, there were 77 species of bryophytes and 69 species of lichens, giving a total of approximately one-third of the total number of vascular plant species in the region. Mean species richness was higher for lichens than bryophytes. Also, the two taxa were negatively correlated because lichens favoured dry sites and bryophytes favoured moist ones. Species turnover was greater for bryophytes than lichens, largely due to the distribution of liverwort species. Foliose lichens showed higher levels of turnover than crustose lichens. Multiple regression and canonical correspondence analysis showed that both taxa and all sub-groups responded to the same three variables: vascular plant cover, time since last fire and topographic position. Other variables, including time since logging and intensity of logging, explained little variation in bryophyte or lichen diversity. The data suggest that the strategies for the conservation of bryophyte and lichen biodiversity will be different, to reflect the different patterns of species richness and species turnover.