Bole epiphytic bryophytes on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lithocarpus xylocarpus</Emphasis> (Kurz) Markgr. in the Ailao Mountains,SW China |
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Authors: | Liang Song Wen-yao Liu Wen-zhang Ma Zheng-hong Tan |
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Institution: | (1) Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 88 Xuefu Road, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China;(2) Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China;(3) School of Environmental Biology, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia;(4) Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China; |
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Abstract: | Epiphytic bryophytes growing on Lithocarpus xylocarpus (Kurz) Markgr. trunks of different diameter classes in primary (132 plots) and secondary (84 plots) Lithocarpus forests in the Ailao Mountains, SW China, were surveyed and analyzed to determine species composition and richness, and to
identify environmental variables that may affect it. Among the 65 species (belonging to 32 genera, 19 families) found, 28
occurred in both forests, with Syrrhopodon gardneri (Hook.) Schwaegr. predominanting. Species richness and total coverage in primary forest were significantly higher than in
secondary forest. We suggest that a period of perhaps much more than 110 years is necessary for the recovery of epiphytic
bryoflora in montane forest of SW China. Fan, turf, and smooth mat are the most important life forms, with high occurrences
in both forests. The life form composition of epiphytic bryophytes is determined mainly by microhabitat and host age. Tree
age, the presence of primary forest, bark pH, and plot exposure are the environmental variables that have significantly influenced
the composition of epiphytic bryophytes. Tree age explained most variations in epiphytic bryoflora. Bark pH is another important
parameter that significantly influenced the epiphytic bryophyte community, but seemed indirectly correlated with tree age.
Primary forest is a favorable habitat for epiphytes, due mainly to its diversified canopy structure and the presence of large
diameter hosts. Moisture-laden southwest trade winds and forest structure could differentiate microclimate and impel a distinct
composition of epiphytes in windward and leeward exposures. |
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