基于阵列式换能器的光声成像系统的实现

目的:本文设计了一套光声成像(photoacoustic imaging,PAI)系统,由脉冲激光、阵列换能器、临床超声(ultrasound,US)主机、软件平台以及成像样品组成。系统的图像质量、最大成像深度等重要参数需通过实验进行确定。方法:使用本系统对黑色头发丝横截面进行成像,比较、分析光声(photoacoustic,PA)信号幅值的半极大处全宽度以量化图像分辨率。此外,使用系统对特定的光吸收体和鸡胸肉组织进行成像,确定系统的成像深度。结果:实验结果证明了PAI系统的实现,其PA图像的平均轴向和横向分辨率分别约为0.18 mm和1.44mm,系统的最大成像深度达到4.6 cm。结论:本PAI系统PA图像分辨率优于US主机获得的US图像分辨率,系统最大成像深度与其他国际研究组的系统成像深度的数量级一致。通过进一步优化与活体组织实验的开展,本PAI系统将有望实现临床成像诊断。     

计算机视觉技术在昆虫识别中的应用进展

介绍计算机视觉技术的定义,组成系统和发展状况,总结其在昆虫识别中的应用,指出目前存在的问题以及需要重点解决的关键技术．为今后的深入研究提出了一些建议和方向。     

光子计数方法探测明亮杆菌的发光图像

本文研制了用生物倒置显微镜和以微通道板为核心的超高灵敏度光电成像系统组成的光子计数显微成像系统,此系统具有高空间放大倍数（１６０×）和极高的光子放大倍数（１０７）,可探测到大小为μｍ量级,发光强度为１００光子／秒的发光图像。应用此系统拍摄到了单个明亮发光杆菌（Ｐｈｏｔｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｅｕｍ）的发光图像,图像显示明亮发光杆菌的大小为２．４×０．６０（μｍ）２,单个细菌的发光强度在１００光子／秒量级。上述实验为明亮杆菌在环境保护中的应用提供了基本参数,也为进一步从细胞水平上研究发光细菌提供了可能。     

自发和光诱导的生物超微弱发光图像的观测

本文报导一种最新研制的高探测灵敏度,低噪声的光子图像观测系统。利用该系统观测了绿豆芽,小葱和树叶等活体品的超弱发光图像。     

共聚焦图像数据的三维重建和显示

本文介绍利用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜获得的共聚焦图像的三维重建和显示方法,并以ＡＣＡＳ Ｕｌｔｉｎａ３１２激光扫描共聚焦显微镜系统为例,分析了ＳＰＦ算法、投影算法和深度阴影算法等共聚焦图像数据的三维重建和图像显示方法的特点。     

基于图像处理的树叶面积测量系统

以数字图像处理技术为基础,对数码相机拍摄的含有参照硬板和树叶的照片进行图像分析处理,提出了获取树叶的实际面积测量系统的一种独特实现方案。采用此方案开发出相应的应用软件,应用于树叶面积的测量计算,获得十分满意的结果。     

自然图像效率编码

效率编码理论认为经过漫长历史进化,大脑感知系统有效地适应了自然环境.自然图像统计规律计算建模对视觉信息处理机理的理解大有裨益.本文简要回顾近期视觉系统对自然图像效率编码的最新进展.     

视频图象存储仪

本文介绍一种与影象增强X线电视系统配用的视频图象存储仪,1M字节的动态RAM存储体,可存储4帧分辨率为512×512的黑白图象,精度8位,256灰阶。在输入有效视频信号幅度变化大于25dB的范围内,均能得到清晰的实时或冻结图象。该存储仪亦可用于其他应用电视系统。     

三维胎儿图像系统

日前,日本东京大学开发了可以实时显示三维胎儿图像系统,可用于对患病胎儿进行治疗。所谓胎儿治疗是指胎儿还在子宫内时,就对先天性横膈膜疝气等疾病进行治疗。比起出生后的手术治疗,胎儿治疗效果更好。如果手术中能够借助三维图像进行观察,就可以正确把握手术器具与胎儿的距离,大大提高安全性和准确性。     

医学图像融合技术的研究

利用图像融合技术,将不同模态的医学图像有机地结合在一起,可以充分利用各种医学图像的优点,为临床诊断和治疗提供帮助。本文主要介绍了医学图像融合技术的基本概念、发展情况、常用方法及面临的困难等,并对医学图像的研究前景作了预测。     

基于PACS的医学图像压缩

从PACS和DICOM的定义出发,对基于PACS的医学图像压缩的要求和算法等方面作了阐述,还介绍了JPEG2000在医学图像压缩中的优势。     

PACS辅助教学在医学影像学实习教学中的应用探讨

尝试应用影像存储及传输系统(Picture Archiving and Communication System,PACS),对我院临床本科生进行影像学实习教学。首先应用PACS建立电子影像学图片库,学生在PACS联网的计算机上学习教学内容,通过定期随堂测验、期末考试和课后问卷调查评估PACS辅助教学的教学效果,对PACS辅助教学在医学影像学实习教学中的应用价值进行探讨。与以往传统医学影像学实习教学方法相比,PACS辅助教学在医学影像学实习教学中具有激发学生学习主动性、提高学习效率和学生读片能力的优越性,显著提高教学效果和教学质量,对促进医学影像学教学改革具有重要意义。     

PACS的高级预防维护技术

目的 通过讨论PACS高级预防维护技术,供同他人在日常维护过程中有一定地借鉴作用.方法 从PACS数据库性能检测与优化,存储设备检测及PACS各应用软件模块三方面进行阐述.结果 经过医院一线安装维护人员和PACS厂家多年实践的总结,拥有一定的可参考依据.结论 PACS的高级预防维护是一个复杂的系统工程,包括一般维护和高级维护在内的实践理论才刚刚起步,科学的、规范化的预防维护需要不断地完善和发展.     

PACS在口腔根管治疗中的应用

医学影像存储与传输系统（PACS）的建设改变了原有的摄片和看片模式,对提高医院的医疗质量的到了很大的推进作用。该文论述了我院PACS系统的特点以及在口腔根管治疗中的应用。并与原来的胶片流程做了对比,研究了PACS系统在根管治疗中的应用的优势以及今后的发展前景。     

SORLA-Dependent and -Independent Functions for PACS1 in Control of Amyloidogenic Processes

Sorting-related receptor with A-type repeats (SORLA) is a sorting receptor for the amyloid precursor protein (APP) that prevents breakdown of APP into Aβ peptides, a hallmark of Alzheimer''s disease (AD). Several cytosolic adaptors have been shown to interact with the cytoplasmic domain of SORLA, thereby controlling intracellular routing of SORLA/APP complexes in cell lines. However, the relevance of adaptor-mediated sorting of SORLA for amyloidogenic processes in vivo remained unexplored. We focused on the interaction of SORLA with phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 1 (PACS1), an adaptor that shuttles proteins between the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and endosomes. By studying PACS1 knockdown in neuronal cell lines and investigating transgenic mice expressing a PACS1-binding-defective mutant form of SORLA, we found that disruption of SORLA and PACS1 interaction results in the inability of SORLA/APP complexes to sort to the TGN in neurons and in increased APP processing in the brain. Loss of PACS1 also impairs the proper expression of the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor and its target cathepsin B, a protease that breaks down Aβ. Thus, our data identified the importance of PACS1-dependent protein sorting for amyloidogenic-burden control via both SORLA-dependent and SORLA-independent mechanisms.     

PBL教学法联合PACS系统在医学影像学教学中的应用

目的:探讨采用PBL和PACS相结合的教学模式在影像学实习教学中的应用效果。方法:对我院2010级临床本科生40人采用传统教学法授课,另40人采用PBL和PACS相结合的教学法授课。课程结束后以考试成绩作为教学效果的评价指标,评价两种教学方法的教学效果;以调查问卷的方法评价学生对两种教学方法的感兴趣程度,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果:我们的研究结果显示,采用PBL和PACS相结合的方法进行教学的学生与传统教学法相比,理论考试成绩有所提高,但缺乏统计学意义(p0.05),病例分析成绩显著提高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。问卷调查显示,PBL和PACS结合的教学方法更受同学欢迎,更能培养学生的自学能力和团队合作能力(P0.05)。结论:采用PBL和PACS相结合的教学方法,有助于提高学生的学习兴趣,提高学习成绩,值得在教学中应用。     

Recurrent De Novo Mutations in PACS1 Cause Defective Cranial-Neural-Crest Migration and Define a Recognizable Intellectual-Disability Syndrome

We studied two unrelated boys with intellectual disability (ID) and a striking facial resemblance suggestive of a hitherto unappreciated syndrome. Exome sequencing in both families identified identical de novo mutations in PACS1, suggestive of causality. To support these genetic findings and to understand the pathomechanism of the mutation, we studied the protein in vitro and in vivo. Altered PACS1 forms cytoplasmic aggregates in vitro with concomitant increased protein stability and shows impaired binding to an isoform-specific variant of TRPV4, but not the full-length protein. Furthermore, consistent with the human pathology, expression of mutant PACS1 mRNA in zebrafish embryos induces craniofacial defects most likely in a dominant-negative fashion. This phenotype is driven by aberrant specification and migration of SOX10-positive cranial, but not enteric, neural-crest cells. Our findings suggest that PACS1 is necessary for the formation of craniofacial structures and that perturbation of its functions results in a specific syndromic ID phenotype.     

IMPAX PACS在黑龙江省区域化医疗远程会诊中的初步应用

目的:研究黑龙江省不同医疗机构之间新型协同服务模式,加强垦区各级医疗机构的信息化基础建设,建立基于医学影像存档与通信传输系统(Picture Archiving and Communications System,PACS)的数字化医疗区域。方法:将哈尔滨医科大学附属第四医院现有的影像数据归档,集成到IMPAX PACS数据中心(Internet Data Center,IDC),作为整个区域医疗的影像中心。通过IDC交换平台的延伸覆盖,以及医院信息系统(Hospital Information System,HIS)与XERO集成,可经网络调阅IDC中的影像,实现远程影像会诊。结果:建立基于IMPAX PACS的区域医疗;工程覆盖1家省会大医院和垦区2家综合性医院、5家二级医院、11家农场医院,实现联网医院间的影像学远程会诊。结论:PACS区域远程医疗系统的建立为基层百姓就医提供方便,影像学远程会诊可有效避免影像学重复检查,双向转诊、信息共享给患者带来更多的便利和实惠,具有巨大的社会效益。     

Differential mRNA fingerprinting by preferential amplification of coding sequences

The need for rapid identification of differentially expressed genes will persist even after the complete human genomic sequence becomes available. The most popular method for identifying differentially expressed genes acquires expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from the extreme 3' non-coding end of mRNAs. Such ESTs have limitations for downstream applications. We have developed a method, termed preferential amplification of coding sequences (PACS), that was applied to identify differentially expressed coding sequence tags (dCSTs) between osteoblasts and osteosarcoma cells. PACS was achieved by PCR with a set of primers to anchor at sequences complementary to AUG sequences in mRNAs and another set of primers to anchor at a PCR-amplifiable distance from AUG sequences. An initial screen identified 103 candidate dCSTs after screening approximately 15% of the expressed genes between the two cell types. Of these sequences, 27 represent CSTs of known genes and two are from 3'-ESTs of known mRNAs. Thus, PACS identified CSTs approximately 13.5 times more often than it identified 3' ESTs, attesting to the objective of the method. Since many of the dCSTs represent known genes, their identity and potential relevance to osteosarcoma could be immediately hypothesized. Differential expression of many of the dCSTs was further demonstrated by northern blotting or RT-PCR. Since PACS is not dependent on the existence of a poly A tail on an mRNA, it should have application to identify dCSTs for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Additionally, PACS should aid in the identification of cell-specific or tissue-specific genes and bidirectional acquisition of cDNA sequence enabling rapid retrieval of full-length cDNA sequence of novel genes.     

PCR-Activated Cell Sorting for Cultivation-Free Enrichment and Sequencing of Rare Microbes

Microbial systems often exhibit staggering diversity, making the study of rare, interesting species challenging. For example, metagenomic analyses of mixed-cell populations are often dominated by the sequences of the most abundant organisms, while those of rare microbes are detected only at low levels, if at all. To overcome this, selective cultivation or fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) can be used to enrich for the target species prior to sequence analysis; however, since most microbes cannot be grown in the lab, cultivation strategies often fail, while cell sorting requires techniques to uniquely label the cell type of interest, which is often not possible with uncultivable microbes. Here, we introduce a culture-independent strategy for sorting microbial cells based on genomic content, which we term PCR-activated cell sorting (PACS). This technology, which utilizes the power of droplet-based microfluidics, is similar to FACS in that it uses a fluorescent signal to uniquely identify and sort target species. However, PACS differs importantly from FACS in that the signal is generated by performing PCR assays on the cells in microfluidic droplets, allowing target cells to be identified with high specificity with suitable design of PCR primers and TaqMan probes. The PACS assay is general, requires minimal optimization and, unlike antibody methods, can be developed without access to microbial antigens. Compared to non-specific methods in which cells are sorted based on size, granularity, or the ability to take up dye, PACS enables genetic sequence-specific sorting and recovery of the cell genomes. In addition to sorting microbes, PACS can be applied to eukaryotic cells, viruses, and naked nucleic acids.