遮荫对虎耳草光合生理特性的影响

以盆栽1年的虎耳草为材料,研究遮荫条件下虎耳草叶片抗氧化酶体系活力、叶绿素含量、光合速率以及叶绿素荧光参数的变化,为虎耳草规模化栽培提供理论基础。结果表明：透光率50%条件下,叶绿素含量较高;虎耳草抗氧化酶活力最高;光饱和点（LSP）最大,最大光合速率（A_max）最高,光合速率日变化平均值最高,无“午休”;光系统Ⅱ的实际量子产量(Φ_PSⅡ)、PSⅡ最大量子产量(F_v/F_m)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)最高,非光化学猝灭系数(qN)最低。这表明,虎耳草在怀化地区的最适光照条件是50%左右的透光率。     

外源NO对盐胁迫下黑麦草幼苗活性氧代谢、多胺含量和光合作用的影响

采用溶液培养法研究了外源一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)供体硝普钠(sodium nitroprusside,SNP)对100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl胁迫下黑麦草幼苗生长、活性氧代谢、多胺含量和光合作用的影响。结果表明,50 μmol·L^-1 SNP显著提高盐胁迫下黑麦草幼苗叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性及谷胱甘肽(GSH)、精胺(Spm)、亚精胺(Spd)含量和(Spm+Spd)/Put比值,降低了腐胺(Put)、超氧阴离子(O^—·₂)、H₂O₂和丙二醛(MDA)含量,使幼苗叶片叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量、净光合速率(P_n)和气孔导度(G_s)升高,胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)下降,相对生长量增加。叶绿素荧光动力学资料显示,SNP处理降低盐胁迫下黑麦草叶片的初始荧光(F₀),表明它对光合膜系统具有保护效应。SNP处理不仅提高了盐胁迫下叶片的最大荧光(F_m)、PSⅡ潜在光化学效率(F_v/F₀)和PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m),而且提高了PSⅡ实际光化学效率(Φ_PSⅡ)、光化学荧光猝灭系数(q_P)、表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)和光化学速率(PCR),降低了非光化学荧光猝灭系数(NPQ)和天线热耗散(D),而1 mmol·L^-1 NO清除剂PTIO和0.5 μmol·L^-1 NaNO₂处理(对照)则无此效应。由此表明,外源NO可能通过提高植株的抗氧化能力及光能的捕获与转换而增强盐胁迫下黑麦草叶片的光合能力,从而缓解盐胁迫对幼苗生长的抑制作用。     

控释氮肥对紫萼玉簪（Hosta ventricosa）生长和光合特性的影响

以紫萼玉簪（Hosta ventricosa）盆栽苗为材料,研究了50%遮荫条件下控释氮肥对玉簪不同生长发育时期生长和光合特性的影响,结果表明：N₁处理（4 g控释氮肥）和N₂处理（8 g控释氮肥）能够提高或显著提高玉簪不同生长发育时期干物质量;能够显著提高形态建成期叶绿素b（Chlb）含量,抽葶期和开花期叶绿素a（Chla）、Chlb及类胡萝卜素（Car.）含量;且显著提高各生长发育时期净光合速率（P_n）。在抽葶期和开花期,N₁处理最大光能转化效率（F_v/F_m）、PSⅡ电子传递量子效率（Φ_PSⅡ）、PSⅡ有效光化学量子产量（F′_v/F′_m）显著高于对照, 在形态建成期和开花期,N₂处理F_v/F_m、Φ_PSⅡ、F′_v/F′_m显著高于对照,且抽葶期F_v/F_m显著高于对照。除形态建成期N₁处理外,各施氮处理qP在不同时期与对照无显著差异。各施氮处理NPQ在形态建成期与对照无显著差异,而在抽葶期和开花期显著低于对照。     

显脉金花茶的光合生理特性研究

采用LI-6400便携式光合测定系统(Li-Cor Inc., USA)对显脉金花茶光合特性进行研究。结果表明：(1)在夏季,显脉金花茶叶片的P_n日变化呈单峰曲线,最高峰出现在中午11：00。其最大净光合速率（P_max）为3.81 μmol·m^-2·s^-1、光饱和点（LSP）为459.9 μmol·m^-2·s^-1、光补偿点（LCP）为6.9 μmol·m^-2·s^-1。显脉金花茶的光饱和点和光补偿点都比较低,表明其是一种阴生植物。（2）在控制光照强度和温度的条件下,CO₂浓度小于800 μmol·mol^-1,P_n几乎呈直线上升,升高CO₂浓度可使显脉金花茶的净高合速率增大,提高了叶片对光能的利用率。其叶片CO₂饱和点(CSP)大约在1 200 μmol·mol^-1左右,CO₂的补偿点（Г^*）为70.1 μmol·mol^-1,最大羧化速率（V_cmax）为17.5 μmol·m^-2·s^-1,最大电子传递速率（J_max）为40 μmol·m^-2·s^-1。     

铜胁迫条件下土壤微生物对海州香薷光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响

为探讨铜（Cu）胁迫条件下土壤微生物对海州香薷（Elsholtzia splendens）光合生理和叶绿素荧光参数的影响,实验设置添加Cu（Cu胁迫）、接种土壤微生物、添加Cu与接种土壤微生物等3个处理,以不添加Cu与不接种土壤微生物为对照（CK）。结果表明：接种土壤微生物处理的植株相对叶绿素含量、净光合速率（P_n）、水分利用效率（WUE）均显著高于CK;且对初始荧光（F_o）和最大光化学效率（F_v/F_m）均有显著性影响。与CK相比,添加Cu降低了海州香薷的P_n和气孔导度（G_s）,但胞间CO₂浓度（C_i）的变化与P_n相反,表明其对光合作用的影响主要是非气孔限制因素。添加Cu的植株相对叶绿素含量显著下降,但Cu胁迫下接种土壤微生物提高了植株相对叶绿素含量,差异显著。在Cu胁迫条件下,接种土壤微生物的植株具有较高的F_v/F_m及较低的F_o,显著提高了海州香薷的WUE、P_n、G_s。说明接种土壤微生物可通过提高相对叶绿素含量、改善叶绿素荧光和光合作用来减轻Cu胁迫对海州香薷植株造成的伤害,从而提高海州香薷耐受Cu胁迫的能力。     

水分胁迫对脂松幼苗叶绿素荧光特征的影响

以2年生盆栽脂松苗木为材料,研究了不同土壤含水量（干旱和水渍胁迫及解除胁迫后）对脂松幼苗的叶绿素荧光参数的影响,旨在为脂松的扩大栽培和管理提供理论依据。结果表明：（1）土壤水分胁迫对脂松苗木针叶初始荧光(F_o)、最大荧光(F_m)、可变荧光（F_v）、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、PSⅡ电子传递量子产率（Φ_PSⅡ）有显著影响（p<0.05）;（2）干旱和淹水胁迫中脂松针叶光化学效率（F_v/F_m）均表现为随胁迫强度增大和时间的延长而降低,总体表现为FC60>FC80>FC>FC40>FC20>FL,解除胁迫后有不同程度的升高,且干旱处理比水淹处理恢复快。（3）60%土壤含水量叶绿素荧光参数水平最佳,据此认为中等轻度干旱立地较适宜脂松苗木生长。     

模拟酸雨对濒危物种夏蜡梅幼苗生理生态特性的影响

以濒危物种夏蜡梅(Sinocalycanthus chinensis)幼苗为对象,研究了不同强度酸雨（pH2.5、pH3.5、pH4.5和pH5.6（CK））对其生理生态特性的影响。结果表明：7月,不同强度酸雨处理下,净光合速率日变化均呈单峰曲线;随着酸雨pH值的降低,日均P_n值下降,各处理组之间均差异极显著。随着酸雨pH值的降低,夏蜡梅幼苗最大净光合速率(P_nmax)、光饱和点（LSP）、叶绿素相对含量（SPAD）逐渐下降。而光补偿点（LCP）、暗呼吸速率（R_d）随着酸雨pH值的降低而升高。pH3.5、pH2.5处理夏蜡梅幼苗表观量子效率（AQE）比对照低,而pH4.5处理比对照高。F_v/F_m、F_v/F_o随着酸雨pH值的降低而减小。酸雨胁迫增强了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)的活性,增加了丙二醛（MDA）的含量、提高了质膜的透性。总之,酸雨胁迫降低了夏蜡梅的光合能力,对其它生理指标产生不利的影响。     

大兴安岭北坡参考植物蒸发蒸腾的经验公式

使用时间序列分析对大兴安岭北坡大片连续多年冻土区小流域参考植物的蒸发蒸腾进行了探讨。从年内变化规律来看,参考植物的蒸发蒸腾（ET₀）呈现明显的周期性波动。蒸发蒸腾从年初开始不断增加,至7月前后达到最大值,之后逐渐减少,到年末降至最低。ET₀与太阳净辐射（R_n）、白昼长度（N）分别具有明显的相关关系,利用2年气象数据建立了阿木尔流域ET₀与太阳净辐射、白昼长度之间的线性关系式：ET₀=0.260R_n-0.036N+0.422,可为进一步研究冻土植被的生态水文过程提供参考。     

Na2CO3 胁迫下星星草幼苗叶片PSⅡ光能利用和耗散与培养基质渗透势的关系

用荧光动力学的方法研究了碱性盐Na₂CO₃胁迫下星星草幼苗叶片PSⅡ光能利用和耗散与培养基质渗透势的关系。结果发现在大于-4bar的胁迫下,PSⅡ最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、PSⅡ潜在光化学效率（Fv/Fo）、PSⅡ实际光化学效率（ΦPSⅡ）以及开放的PSⅡ反应中心有效光化学效率（Fv′/Fm′）的变化不大;然而在小于-4bar Na₂CO₃胁迫下,Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo和Fv′/Fm′均随着渗透势的增大而增大,而ΦPSⅡ、电子传递速率（ETR）、光化学速率、捕光色素吸收的光能被用于热耗散的相对份额及热耗散速率则随着渗透势的增大而减小。这些研究结果说明星星草幼苗在Na₂CO₃胁迫所导致的不同的渗透胁迫下（小于-4bar和大于-4bar）其过剩光能的耗散机制可能不同,大于-4bar的胁迫下可能存在精细的渗透调节机制,而在高强度的Na2CO3所导致的渗透胁迫下具有与其它植物不同的保护机制,可能通过两条途径耗散过剩的光能,一方面通过增加捕光色素吸收的光能被用于热耗散的相对份额及热耗散速率;另一方面通过增大ΦPSⅡ、光化学速率、ETR,增强假循环式光合磷酸化过程,而由此引起的活性氧的增加则通过体内较高活性的保护酶系统来清除,以保护光合器官免受过剩光能的损伤。 

     

不同功能型植物叶氮含量与光合特性的关系研究

在山西南部的霍山七里峪林场,确定乔木、灌木和草本物种共26个,用Li-3000A叶面积测定仪测量了叶面积的大小、用Li-6400便携式光合作用测定系统测定了叶光饱和速率（A_area）,计算了比叶重（LMA）、单位重量的光饱和光合速率（A_mass）、单位面积叶氮含量(Narea)、单位重量叶氮含量(N_mass)及光合氮利用效率(PNUE),研究了它们之间的不同和相互作用关系。结果表明：不同功能型植物的N_mass、A_area、A_mass、N_area和PNUE差异显著(p<0.05),植物叶片氮含量与植物光合生理特性具有显著相关关系,N_mass与A_area、A_mass和PNUE呈线性显著的正相关(p<0.05);N_area与A_area、A_mass、PNUE之间呈极显著的负相关(p<0.01)。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV