鄱阳湖南矶山湿地自然保护区的外来入侵植物调查与分析

为了解鄱阳湖南矶山自然保护区外来入侵植物的状况, 从2010 年至2014 年对外来入侵植物的物种种类、分布、传播等进行了调查。结果表明, 南矶山湿地保护区共有外来入侵植物32 种, 隶属于l8 科28 属, 其中菊科最多, 有8 种6 属;其次是苋科, 有4 种3 属, 绝大多数是草本植物;以原产地为美洲的最多, 有15 种, 其中来自北美的有9 种。对保护区造成严重危害的外来入侵植物有5 种, 分别为野燕麦(Avena fatua)、小飞蓬(Conyza canadensis)、野胡萝卜(Daucus carota)、裸柱菊(Soliva anthemifolia)和空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides), 危害较强的主要有7 种, 危害较轻的有20 种。对外来植物的入侵途径、规律与成因以及对生态环境造成的影响进行了讨论, 并提出了防治对策与建议。     

白花鬼针草入侵对植物群落结构及物种多样性的影响

【目的】阐明白花鬼针草入侵对植物群落组成及物种多样性的影响。【方法】调查广东茂名有白花鬼针草入侵(试验样方)和无白花鬼针草生长(对照样方)的植物群落中植物的种类、盖度、高度和密度,计算不同植物重要值及物种多样性指数,通过皮尔逊相关系数及拟合曲线展现白花鬼针草种群特征与其重要值及物种多样性的关系。【结果】白花鬼针草入侵后植物群落的组成和结构显著改变,由对照样方的104种减少到试验样方的63种,双穗雀稗、白花蛇舌草、香膏萼距花等物种消失,胜红蓟、阔叶丰花草、假臭草等恶性杂草的重要值降低,而马唐、薇甘菊、空心莲子草等物种重要值升高。白花鬼针草入侵降低了物种多样性,试验样方的Patrick丰富度指数(R)、Simpson多样性指数(D)和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)均低于对照样方;白花鬼针草的重要值与以上多样性指数(H、D)和丰富度指数(R)呈显著负相关(P<0.001)。【结论】白花鬼针草入侵减少了物种多样性,并形成单一优势种群群落,对植物群落产生了负效应,对生态环境造成了极大的威胁。     

南京市加拿大一枝黄花入侵地群落的物种组成与多样性特征研究(附表)

为探究外来植物加拿大一枝黄花(Solidago canadensis)入侵与南京市本土植物多样性的关系,该文采用踏查及样方调查对其入侵地群落的物种组成与多样性进行研究。结果表明:(1)入侵地群落中共有维管植物200种(含种下单元),隶属于62科156属,其中被子植物195种,裸子植物1种,蕨类植物4种; 数量最多的是菊科(Asteraceae)和禾本科(Poaceae)植物,分别有25种和24种; 从生活型来看,草本植物占多数,有133种,占所有种的66.50%; 此外,群落内尚有其他外来植物29种。群落中重要值最大的是加拿大一枝黄花,为40.00%; 其次是救荒野豌豆(Vicia sativa),为7.00%。(2)从植物区系看,非入侵地中植物科的区系分布型共4个,而入侵地植物科的区系类型仅有3个,其中泛热带分布、世界分布和北温带分布为两者均有,东亚和北美间断分布型仅在非入侵地中存在。非入侵地植物科的区系以世界分布型为主,有13科,占该类型群落中所有科的39.39%; 入侵地则以泛热带分布型为主,有16科,占总科数的45.71%。非入侵地中植物属的区系分布型有10个,而入侵地有12个,两者区系成分相近,旧世界热带型和热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布型仅在入侵地中出现。北温带分布型和世界分布型同为两者中最主要成分。入侵地及非入侵地群落属的区系R/T值分别为0.58和0.38,种系分化度分别为3.29和3.11。(3)重度入侵群落的Margalef指数(E)与非入侵及轻度入侵群落相比,显著降低; 此外,重度入侵群落的Simpson指数(D)、Shannon-Weiner(H'')指数和Pielou指数(J)均显著低于非入侵、轻度入侵、中度入侵群落。(4)不同生境之间加拿大一枝黄花群落的E、D、H''和J均无显著性差异。该研究可为南京地区的加拿大一枝黄花入侵地的治理防控和生态恢复,以及进一步的科学研究提供强有力的理论支撑。     

崇明东滩湿地不同潮汐带入侵植物互花米草根际细菌的多样性

为了调查崇明东滩湿地入侵植物互花米草(Spartina Alterniflora)在不同潮汐带和季节根际细菌的多样性与丰富度,以本地植物芦苇、海三棱藨草(P. australis和 S.mariqueter)和光滩为对照实验研究,在崇明东滩湿地10样点采集根际土壤和光滩土壤,通过PCR-DGGE分子生物学等技术并结合传统培养方法对土壤细菌进行分析研究。研究表明:东滩湿地不同潮汐带的植物根际细菌群落丰富度和多样性不同,在夏季中潮带的根际细菌丰富度(P=0.021<0.05)较高,各个潮带的植物根际细菌在夏秋季有高多样性,其中中潮带的植物根际细菌平均多样性指数最高(H=4.20)。在中潮带入侵物种互花米草根际细菌的丰富度和多样性要显著高于本地植物芦苇和海三棱藨草,其中海三棱藨草的根际细菌在夏季略高。崇明东滩湿地入侵植物互花米草根际细菌与本地植物相比较具有较高的多样性,而且外来种互花米草对湿地土壤微生物群落结构有着较强影响;入侵种互花米草根际细菌的高丰富度和多样性可能是其成功入侵东滩湿地的一个重要因素。     

雅鲁藏布江中上游白草主要分布区植物群落特征

沿环境梯度揭示植物群落特征及其环境影响因子的研究是生态学研究的重点内容之一。雅鲁藏布江作为世界海拔最高的河流之一,目前尚未开展流域内白草(Pennisetum centrasiaticum)主要分布区植物群落研究。从雅鲁藏布江上游源头区仲巴县帕羊镇至中游米林县派镇白草主要分布区设置26个样地对植物群落特征进行调查。研究结果表明:(1)雅鲁藏布江中上游白草主要分布区有119个植物物种,属35科96属,主要有禾本科、菊科和豆科。各样点优势种有白草、砂生槐(Sophora moorcroftiana)、藏沙蒿(Artemisia wellbyi)、白莲蒿(Artemisia sacrorum)、固沙草(Orinus thoroldii),白草群落物种丰富度最大的是江孜县(S=37),最小的是桑日县(S=12),白草重要值最大的是拉孜县(67.52%),最小的是桑日县(11.88%);(2)26个样点的平均地下生物量为3374.23 g/m²,各白草主要分布区群落在0-10 cm、10-20 cm和20-30 cm土层的地下生物量占比分别为60.38%,26.36%和13.26%;(3)相关分析结果表明,白草高度与海拔(r=-0.60),白草高度与土壤pH(r=-0.53),白草生物量与土壤pH(r=-0.55)呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);(4)RDA分析表明:轴1和轴2共解释全部方差的40.60%,在环境-群落的解释中起主导作用。(5)通过聚类分析,将雅鲁藏布江中上游白草主要分布区划分为梯度Ⅰ(平均3008.67 m)、梯度Ⅱ(平均3824.75 m)和梯度Ⅲ(平均4419.29 m),禾本科功能群在不同海拔梯度均有最大的高度、盖度和重要值,4个功能群(禾本科、豆科、菊科和杂类草)的高度随海拔上升而下降,群落物种丰富度和群落地下生物量占比随海拔上升而增加。上述结果表明白草是雅鲁藏布江中上游广泛分布的乡土草种,其群落特征多样,与环境因子有较强的相关性。     

云南省南部山地7种主要入侵植物沿公路两侧的扩散格局

公路被认为是促进入侵植物扩散的主要通道之一。为了揭示公路与植物入侵的关系, 我们在云南省北热带和南亚热带地区选择13条公路, 按照公路性质、修建年代以及干扰历史将公路分为高、中、低3个干扰水平, 研究了7种主要入侵植物在公路两侧的扩散格局, 以及环境因素(干扰、光照、坡向、气候带)对扩散格局的影响。结果表明: 紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum)、飞机草(E. odoratum)、胜红蓟(Ageratum conyzoides)和肿柄菊(Tithonia diversi-folia)的密度以及紫茎泽兰的频度沿公路扩散格局呈明显的单峰变化, 峰值一般都出现在4 m以内。高干扰公路两侧, 紫茎泽兰、飞机草、胜红蓟、肿柄菊与金腰箭(Synedrella nodiflora)的密度以及紫茎泽兰、飞机草、胜红蓟、肿柄菊的频度均明显高于中、低干扰公路, 说明高干扰公路比中、低干扰公路更有利于促进植物入侵。高光水平下紫茎泽兰、飞机草、胜红蓟的密度以及紫茎泽兰、胜红蓟和金腰箭的频度明显大于中、低光水平, 说明高光水平显著促进公路两侧的这4种入侵植物向远距离扩散。紫茎泽兰、胜红蓟与金腰箭的密度在阳坡显著高于阴坡。紫茎泽兰与肿柄菊主要出现在南亚热带, 而飞机草与金腰箭主要出现在北热带, 胜红蓟与赛葵(Malvastrum coromandelianum)在两种气候带中均有出现。羽芒菊(Tridax procumbens)在公路两侧出现的频率与密度均很低, 无统计学意义。因此, 公路两侧的生境应作为防治外来植物入侵的重点, 提高公路两侧本地植被郁闭度将有利于控制紫茎泽兰等外来植物的进一步扩散。     

北京松山自然保护区典型植物群落物种多样性研究

基于2017年对北京松山自然保护区6种典型植物群落物种调查数据,选取α、β多样性指数描述植物群落乔、灌、草本层植被多样性特征,分析影响植物群落多样性的主导因素。结果表明：(1)研究区内共有40科58属75种植物种;主要乔木优势种为油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)、蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)、毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)和山杨(Populus davidiana);灌木层优势种为土庄绣线菊(Spiraea pubescens Turcz.)和扁担杆(Grewia biloba G. Don);林下草本多以菊科植物(Compositae)为主。(2)不同植物生长型间Shannon Wiener多样性与丰富度指数排序均为草本层＞灌木层＞乔木层;随着山体高度的增加,林下草本α多样性指数增大,草本物种丰富度、均匀度都对其α多样性影响较大。(3)分析从山底到山顶草本β多样性指数的变化趋势发现,草本共有种经历先减少后增加,物种替代率则呈先增大后降低的变化模式。研究认为,在今后生物多样性保护实施过程中,需按照自然演替规律,综合考虑冠层物种组成与结构、微地形的调控作用,制定合理可行的保护经验和技术,为森林群落多样性保护及其生态功能的发挥提供科学支撑。     

外来植物紫茎泽兰入侵对土壤理化性质及丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)群落的影响

为了揭示外来植物紫茎泽兰入侵对入侵地土壤丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)群落及相关肥力的影响,比较测定了紫茎泽兰不同入侵程度土壤理化性质、AMF侵染率及AMF群落的差异。结果表明,紫茎泽兰入侵降低了土壤pH,使土壤中有机碳、全氮和速效钾含量分别增加83.0%,106.9%和111.0%;尽管对全磷含量没有显著影响,但有机磷含量呈升高的趋势,而速效磷呈降低的趋势。紫茎泽兰入侵降低了本地植物的AMF侵染率;随着入侵程度的加深,土壤中以膨胀无梗囊霉(Acauospora dilatata)为优势种的AMF群落结构逐渐转变为以近明球囊霉(Glomus claroideum )为优势种的结构,紫茎泽兰可在其根周选择培育近明球囊霉,而对其它AMF种,特别是对膨胀无梗囊霉则存在抑制作用;基于各AMF种多度的聚类分析表明,形成紫茎泽兰单优群落土壤中各AMF种多度与未入侵的本地植物群落及入侵程度较轻的紫茎泽兰与本地植物群落之间存在明显分歧。综合分析推断认为,紫茎法兰入侵改变了入侵地土壤理化性状,抑制AMF对土著植物的侵染,改变AMF群落,并在其根周选择培育近明球囊霉,这可能是紫茎泽兰入侵及扩张的重要途径之一。     

豚草入侵对新疆伊犁河谷林下本地草本植物群落结构的影响

为探究外来入侵植物豚草（Ambrosia artemisiifolia）对本地植物群落结构的影响,结合区内林下草本植物调查和室内分析方法,分析了豚草不同入侵压力下（无入侵、轻度入侵、中度入侵、重度入侵）本地草本植物丰富度、盖度等特征,探讨了地形、气候、土壤、光照、人口密度等外部因素与豚草种群特征、本地植物群落结构之间的关系。结果表明：豚草种群盖度与其高度、密度、生物量显著正相关。与对照相比,轻度入侵下本土草本植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数显著增加,丰富度、盖度未出现显著差异。随着豚草入侵程度加剧,本地草本植物物种丰富度、盖度极显著降低,样方Shannon-Wiener多样性指数先升高再降低,本土草本植物Pielou均匀度指数差异不显著。冗余分析（RDA）表明,土壤全氮、与道路距离、土壤全磷、郁闭度对研究区植物群落结构影响最大,土壤全氮含量随豚草盖度和生物量增加而减少,距道路越近或光照越强,豚草盖度和生物量越高。增强伊犁河谷地区交通往来货物豚草检验检疫力度、增加林内植被郁闭度或是抑制区内豚草入侵的有效手段。     

深圳市建成区入侵植物对草本植物种类及功能多样性的影响

入侵植物对城市生态系统形成潜在威胁,有待引起足够的关注。为探究城市入侵植物对草本植物种类及功能多样性的影响,以深圳市建成区入侵植物鬼针草（Bidens pilosa）和南美蟛蜞菊（Sphagneticola trilobata）为例,分析了不同绿地类型中不同程度的单独入侵和共同入侵对草本植物群落物种多样性和功能多样性的影响规律。结果显示：①Margalef物种丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数均与入侵植物盖度呈显著负相关（P<0.05,0.5865 < R² < 0.9356）。②功能丰富度指数（FRic）、功能均匀度指数（FEve）和Rao二次熵指数（FD_Q）与入侵植物盖度有一定的相关关系（0.0000 < R² < 0.2211）。③群落的特征加权平均株高（CWM_H）与入侵植物盖度有一定的正相关关系（0.0716 < R² < 0.2262）。④与未入侵的样方相比,鬼针草轻度入侵显著提高了物种多样性（P<0.05）,鬼针草和南美蟛蜞菊单独重度入侵均显著降低物种多样性（P<0.05）,二者各种程度的分别单独入侵及共同入侵都显著提高了群落加权平均株高（CWM_H）（P<0.05）。⑤对不同的绿地类型分开计算发现,鬼针草单独入侵和二者共同入侵都显著提高了各种绿地类型的物种多样性（P<0.05）,南美蟛蜞菊单独入侵只对部分绿地类型的群落物种多样性影响显著。⑥鬼针草和南美蟛蜞菊之间的生态效应可能为拮抗作用。研究结果为进一步揭示植物入侵对城市草本植物群落的影响规律提供参考,为有效防治城市外来植物入侵提供一定的依据。     

Do invasive alien plants benefit more from global environmental change than native plants?

Invasive alien plant species threaten native biodiversity, disrupt ecosystem functions and can cause large economic damage. Plant invasions have been predicted to further increase under ongoing global environmental change. Numerous case studies have compared the performance of invasive and native plant species in response to global environmental change components (i.e. changes in mean levels of precipitation, temperature, atmospheric CO₂ concentration or nitrogen deposition). Individually, these studies usually involve low numbers of species and therefore the results cannot be generalized. Therefore, we performed a phylogenetically controlled meta‐analysis to assess whether there is a general pattern of differences in invasive and native plant performance under each component of global environmental change. We compiled a database of studies that reported performance measures for 74 invasive alien plant species and 117 native plant species in response to one of the above‐mentioned global environmental change components. We found that elevated temperature and CO₂ enrichment increased the performance of invasive alien plants more strongly than was the case for native plants. Invasive alien plants tended to also have a slightly stronger positive response to increased N deposition and increased precipitation than native plants, but these differences were not significant (N deposition: P = 0.051; increased precipitation: P = 0.679). Invasive alien plants tended to have a slightly stronger negative response to decreased precipitation than native plants, although this difference was also not significant (P = 0.060). So while drought could potentially reduce plant invasion, increases in the four other components of global environmental change considered, particularly global warming and atmospheric CO₂ enrichment, may further increase the spread of invasive plants in the future.     

Plant invasions in arid areas: special problems and solutions: a South African perspective

Management of invasive alien plants in arid areas is complicated by the cryptic and stochastic nature of the invasion process, the low density of researchers, extension officers and farmers in these areas, the complex, delayed and sometimes, indirect, effects of alien invasive plants on these ecosystems, and by high and shifting values placed on goods and services derived from invasive alien plant species. Fluctuating vegetation cover together with convergent adaptations for dispersal and facilitation enables some desert aliens to invade intact vegetation. Invasive plants in arid areas are not all arid-adapted: the most problematic species globally are phreatic, wetland or oasis specialists that can colonise remote wetlands and springs through a combination of wind-dispersed seeds and vegetative reproduction. Their success is often linked to disturbance and facilitated by agricultural activities including water extraction, cropping and livestock management. Invasive alien plants in arid region wetlands have an impact on forage, water resources and biodiversity in these key resource areas, that is disproportionately great relative to the area they occupy. Management of arid region aliens could include pre-introduction biocontrol planning that makes it possible to use aliens while reducing invasion risks. An alternative is to replace the aliens with extralimital indigenous plants that can supply the rangeland services perceived to be absent from arid environments—but such interventions may carry even greater risks.     

The biogeography of invasive alien plants in California: an application of GIS and spatial regression analysis

The spatial distribution of invasive alien plants has been poorly documented in California. However, with the increased availability of GIS software and spatially explicit data, the distribution of invasive alien plants can be explored. Using bioregions as defined in Hickman (1993 ), I compared the distribution of invasive alien plants (n = 78) and noninvasive alien plants (n = 1097). The distribution of both categories of alien plants was similar with the exception of a higher concentration of invasive alien plants in the North Coast bioregion. Spatial autocorrelation analysis using Moran's I indicated significant spatial dependence for both invasive and noninvasive alien plant species. I used both ordinary least squares (OLS) and spatial autoregressive (SAR) models to assess the relationship between alien plant species distribution and native plant species richness, road density, population density, elevation, area of sample unit, and precipitation. The OLS model for invasive alien plants included two significant effects; native plant species richness and elevation. The SAR model for invasive alien plants included three significant effects; elevation, road density, and native plant species richness. The SAR model for noninvasive alien plants resulted in the same significant effects as invasive alien plants. Both invasive and noninvasive alien plants are found in regions with low elevation, high road density, and high native‐plant species richness. This is in congruity with previous spatial pattern studies of alien plant species. However, the similarity in effects for both categories of alien plants alludes to the importance of autecological attributes, such as pollination system, dispersal system and differing responses to disturbance in the distribution of invasive plant species. In addition, this study emphasizes the critical importance of testing for spatial autocorrelation in spatial pattern studies and using SAR models when appropriate.     

Worldwide Alien Invasion: A Methodological Approach to Forecast the Potential Spread of a Highly Invasive Pollinator

The ecological impacts of alien species invasion are a major threat to global biodiversity. The increasing number of invasion events by alien species and the high cost and difficulty of eradicating invasive species once established require the development of new methods and tools for predicting the most susceptible areas to invasion. Invasive pollinators pose serious threats to biodiversity and human activity due to their close relationship with many plants (including crop species) and high potential competitiveness for resources with native pollinators. Although at an early stage of expansion, the bumblebee species Bombus terrestris is becoming a representative case of pollinator invasion at a global scale, particularly given its high velocity of invasive spread and the increasing number of reports of its impacts on native bees and crops in many countries. We present here a methodological framework of habitat suitability modeling that integrates new approaches for detecting habitats that are susceptible to Bombus terrestris invasion at a global scale. Our approach did not include reported invaded locations in the modeling procedure; instead, those locations were used exclusively to evaluate the accuracy of the models in predicting suitability over regions already invaded. Moreover, a new and more intuitive approach was developed to select the models and evaluate different algorithms based on their performance and predictive convergence. Finally, we present a comprehensive global map of susceptibility to Bombus terrestris invasion that highlights priority areas for monitoring.     

A phylogenetic approach towards understanding the drivers of plant invasiveness on Robben Island,South Africa

Invasive plant species are a considerable threat to ecosystems globally and on islands in particular where species diversity can be relatively low. In this study, we examined the phylogenetic basis of invasion success on Robben Island in South Africa. The flora of the island was sampled extensively and the phylogeny of the local community was reconstructed using the two core DNA barcode regions, rbcLa and matK. By analysing the phylogenetic patterns of native and invasive floras at two different scales, we found that invasive alien species are more distantly related to native species, a confirmation of Darwin's naturalization hypothesis. However, this pattern also holds even for randomly generated communities, therefore discounting the explanatory power of Darwin's naturalization hypothesis as the unique driver of invasion success on the island. These findings suggest that the drivers of invasion success on the island may be linked to species traits rather than their evolutionary history alone, or to the combination thereof. This result also has implications for the invasion management programmes currently being implemented to rehabilitate the native diversity on Robben Island. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 172 , 142–152.     

福州市公园外来入侵植物初步调查与分析

[目的] 了解福州市公园的外来入侵植物种类组成,分析其原产地及入侵等级等情况,能够为福州外来入侵植物的扩散、防控以及生物多样性保护提供参考依据。[方法] 对福州市4个区49个公园的外来入侵植物种类、原产地、生活型、入侵频度、危害程度（入侵等级）等进行调查和分析。[结果] 在调查的福州市所有公园内均有入侵植物分布,目前有入侵植物66种,隶属25科,其中菊科、豆科、苋科3个科为优势科,共计33种（占50.00%）;从来源上看,大多数原产于美洲,其次是非洲、欧洲、亚洲;以草本植物为主,共有55种（占83.30%）;从入侵频度看,入侵频度超过50%的入侵植物有7种,其中小蓬草的频度最高,为87.76%;从入侵等级来看,其中恶性（1级）入侵植物16种,严重（2级）入侵植物14种,局部（3级）入侵植物12种,一般（4级）入侵植物11种,有待观察类（5级）13种。[结论] 当前福州市公园内的外来植物入侵现象比较严重,应当加强该区域的入侵植物监测与预警,防止入侵植物扩散从而造成重大生态危害。     

重要外来入侵植物随南水北调工程传入京津冀受水区的风险评估

【目的】外来物种在入侵地的扩张蔓延是其造成危害的关键。南水北调工程可为已入侵外来物种的进一步扩张蔓延提供通道和驱动力。风险评估可为预防入侵植物通过该途径的扩散蔓延提供依据。【方法】以国家重点管理外来入侵物种名录中的入侵植物为研究对象,根据生物入侵的发生过程(传入、定殖、扩散、危害)构建了包括4个层次29个指标的外来物种入侵综合风险评估的指标体系,规范了风险指数的计算方法,系统评估了24种入侵植物沿南水北调输水通道向北扩散而入侵京津冀受水区的风险。【结果】紫茎泽兰和互花米草的入侵风险值(R)相对较低(R0.6),其余22种入侵植物的风险值均较高(R0.6),其中,喜旱莲子草、凤眼莲和大薸3种外来水生植物的入侵风险等级最高(R0.8)。【结论】南水北调工程可能会促进入侵植物向北扩张蔓延并最终入侵京津冀受水区。建议尽早开展监测预警工作,以控制入侵物种随南水北调工程的扩张蔓延,进而阻止或降低其对京津冀尤其是华北最大水源地——白洋淀和雄安新区生态环境的威胁。     

Effects of invasive alien kahili ginger (Hedychium gardnerianum) on native plant species regeneration in a Hawaiian rainforest

Questions: Does the invasive alien Hedychium gardnerianum (1) replace native understory species, (2) suppress natural regeneration of native plant species, (3) increase the invasiveness of other non‐native plants and (4) are native forests are able to recover after removal of H. gardnerianum. Location: A mature rainforest in Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park on the island of Hawai'i (about 1200 m a.s.l.; precipitation approximately 2770 mm yr^?1). Study sites included natural plots without effects of alien plants, ginger plots with a H. gardnerianum‐dominated herb layer and cleared plots treated with herbicide to remove alien plants. Methods: Counting mature trees, saplings and seedlings of native and alien plant species. Using non‐parametric H‐tests to compare impact of H. gardnerianum on the structure of different sites. Results: Results confirmed the hypothesis that H. gardnerianum has negative effects on natural forest dynamics. Lower numbers of native tree seedlings and saplings were found on ginger‐dominated plots. Furthermore, H. gardnerianum did not show negative effects on the invasive alien tree species Psidium cattleianum. Conclusions: This study reveals that where dominance of H. gardnerianum persists, regeneration of the forest by native species will be inhibited. Furthermore, these areas might experience invasion by P. cattleianum, resulting in displacement of native canopy species in the future, leading to a change in forest structure and loss of other species dependent on natural rainforest, such as endemic birds. However, if H. gardnerianum is removed the native Hawaiian forest is likely to regenerate and regain its natural structure.     

天然林和人工林外来入侵和本地植物对比研究: 以弄岗国家级自然保护区为例

外来植物的入侵严重威胁了自然保护区的生物多样性。为探讨自然保护区内天然林和人工林林下外来植物入侵状况及其与本地优势植物的种间关系, 本研究以弄岗国家级自然保护区为研究区域, 结合保护区内4种生境72个样方的野外调查数据, 利用生态位宽度、生态位重叠和种间联结指数比较了不同生境中外来入侵草本植物的多样性和生态位宽度以及外来入侵草本植物与本土优势草本植物的生态位重叠和种间联结。结果表明: 弄岗国家级自然保护区4种生境共记录6种外来入侵草本植物, 隶属于3科6属, 其中菊科物种数量最多。外来入侵植物多样性呈现出秋枫(Bischofia javanica)人工林 > 麻竹(Dendrocalamus latiflorus)次生林 > 人面子(Dracontomelon duperreanum)人工林 > 广西澄广花(Orophea polycarpa)次生林的特征。除广西澄广花次生林生境的外来入侵草本植物丰富度与本土草本植物丰富度呈显著正相关外, 其余生境均无显著的相关关系。三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)的生态位宽度最大, 为4种生境均有分布的外来入侵植物。4种生境的外来入侵植物与本土优势植物生态位重叠和种间联结程度均较低, 种间竞争较弱。本研究明确了弄岗国家级自然保护区天然林和人工林中外来入侵草本植物的分布及其与本土草本植物的种间关系。