鸭群中REV感染的流行病学调查

[目的]了解网状内皮组织增生病病毒(REV)在鸭群中的感染状态.[方法]从山东省不同地区送检的病(死)鸭中,随机采集法氏囊、脾脏和肝脏等220份样品.细胞培养分离病毒,以提取的组织DNA为模板进行特异性斑点杂交、PCR和nest-PCR检测.从不同地区阳性样品中任选一个进行克隆测序、同源性比较和进化树分析.[结果]从35/39份法氏囊、54/84份脾脏和32/97份肝脏DNA样品中检出REV(121/220).其中法氏囊的检出率最高,显著高于肝脏、脾脏(P<0.01),但用细胞培养分离病毒、常规PCR、组织DNA直接点杂交检测时,均未检出REV.YN-1和BZ-1株env基因片段与美国分离的鸭源SNV株同源性高达99.8%,LQ-1株env基因片段与美国鸡源分离株的同源性为100%,均高于近几年中国鸡源分离株.[结论]在检测REV感染时,应加强对法氏囊的检测,但由于REV在感染鸭的组织中含量很低,应采用更为敏感的nest-PCR.同源性和进化树分析表明,我国鸭源REV很可能是在引进未经对REV检疫的种鸭时引入的.     

网状内皮组织增生症病毒中国分离株HA9901全基因组核苷酸序列的测定与分析

以网状内皮组织增生症病毒(REV)中国分离株HA9901感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)基因组DNA作为其前病毒基因组模板, 根据已发表序列设计合成6对引物, 经PCR扩增出6段连续的、相互部分重叠的DNA片段和闭合环形前病毒两末端LTR的连接区段, 并分别连入T载体进行克隆、测序. 用DNAstar软件对测序结果进行剪辑和拼接, 完成了REV第一个中国分离株HA9901前病毒全基因组核苷酸序列. 在从截然不同的地区、不同年份、不同禽类分离到的毒株中, 将该序列与另两个毒株已完成的全基因组序列的比较表明, REV的整个基因组相对保守, 各毒株间对应基因的同源性都在92%以上. 其中, 从我国鸡体分离到的野毒株HA9901与美国鸡源分离株FA在整个基因组上的同源性均显著高于美国的鸭源SNV株.     

含有禽网状内皮组织增生病病毒基因组片段的天然重组禽痘病毒的研究

将国内5个不同生产厂家来源的禽痘弱毒疫苗株和1株禽痘野毒株在鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)上连续传5代,用禽网状内皮组织增生病病毒(Reticuloendotheliosis virus,REV)特异性的单克隆抗体进行间接免疫荧光试验(Immunonuoreseellee assay,IFA),均检测不到传染性REV。但以6株禽痘病毒(FPV)感染的第2代和第5代细胞基因组提取物为模板,通过PCR均能扩增出REV的长末端重复序列(LTR)和囊膜蛋白(env)基因片段。用特异性核酸探针作分子斑点杂交(Dot blot),结果显示所扩增的PCR条带为特异的REV—LTR和REV—env)基因片段。实验结果表明,国内的一些痘病毒疫苗和野毒株基因组中,已稳定地整合进了REV的基因组成分。     

实时荧光定量PCR技术在SPF鸡四种垂直传播疾病监测中的应用

目的探讨荧光定量PCR检测技术对SPF鸡四种垂直传播病毒的检测应用。方法采集60份SPF鸡及70份普通鸡群蛋清、泄殖腔试子样品,提取样品核酸,分别进行ARV、REV、CAV、ALV四种病毒实时荧光定量PCR检测,根据标准曲线及溶解曲线分析判读样品病毒拷贝数。结果 SPF鸡ALV 2份阳性,检出率3.3%,其余病毒检测均为阴性;普通鸡样品REV检测2份阳性,检出率2.9%,ALV 10份阳性,检出率14.3%。结论荧光定量PCR检测方法最低可检测到100个拷贝核酸,检测灵敏度较高,有望应用于SPF鸡临床样品的病原检测。     

禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒p30-gp90串联表达蛋白及其免疫原性

【目的】研究禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒(Reticuloendotheliosis Virus,REV)群特异性抗原P30与囊膜糖蛋白gp90体外共表达蛋白的免疫原性,为研发新型REV抗体诊断试剂盒提供基础。【方法】根据REV脾脏坏死病毒(spleen necrosis virus,SNV)株的前病毒基因组cDNA序列,设计合成2对引物,以pPB101质粒为模板,分别扩增REV p30基因和gp90基因片段。将PCR产物依次克隆入表达载体pET-28a(+)中,通过酶切鉴定和测序分析,筛选阳性重组克隆pET-p30-gp90。重组菌经异丙基硫代D-半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导后,通过SDS-PAGE电泳分析表达情况,Western blot检测表达蛋白与特异性血清之间的反应性。制备表达蛋白的抗血清,以该抗血清与REV感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)进行间接免疫荧光实验(IFA),验证表达蛋白的免疫原性。【结果】经SDS-PAGE电泳后能观察到预期大小的表达条带,Western blot结果显示,重组蛋白能与REV抗血清反应。将表达产物纯化后免疫Balb/c小鼠,制备p30-gp90抗血清,该抗血清与REV感染CEF在IFA中呈现特异性荧光反应。【结论】体外串联表达REV p30-gp90蛋白,表达蛋白具有良好的免疫原性。     

禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒p30-gp90串联表达蛋白及其免疫原性

摘要:【目的】研究禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒(Reticuloendotheliosis Virus,REV)群特异性抗原P30与囊膜糖蛋白gp90体外共表达蛋白的免疫原性,为研发新型REV 抗体诊断试剂盒提供基础。【方法】根据REV脾脏坏死病毒(spleen necrosis virus,SNV)株的前病毒基因组cDNA序列,设计合成2对引物,以pPB101质粒为模板,分别扩增REV p30基因和gp90基因片段。将PCR产物依次克隆入表达载体pET-28a(+)中,通过酶切鉴定和测序分析,筛选阳性重组克隆pET-p30-gp90。重组菌经异丙基硫代D-半乳糖苷( IPTG)诱导后,通过SDS-PAGE电泳分析表达情况,Western blot检测表达蛋白与特异性血清之间的反应性。制备表达蛋白的抗血清,以该抗血清与REV感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞( CEF)进行间接免疫荧光实验(IFA),验证表达蛋白的免疫原性。【结果】经SDS-PAGE电泳后能观察到预期大小的表达条带,Western blot结果显示,重组蛋白能与REV抗血清反应。将表达产物纯化后免疫Balb/c小鼠,制备p30-gp90抗血清,该抗血清与REV感染CEF在IFA中呈现特异性荧光反应。【结论】体外串联表达REV p30-gp90蛋白,表达蛋白具有良好的免疫原性。     

禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒env基因的原核表达及检测

根据禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒(REV)SNV株的前病毒基因组cDNA序列,设计并合成1对引物,以SNV株前病毒cDNA全基因组克隆为模板,通过PCR技术扩增出该病毒囊膜糖蛋白env基因部分片段。将PCR产物按正确的阅读框架定向克隆进pGEX-6P-1载体中谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)的下游,将重组质粒转化进宿主菌BL21中,在1.0mmol/LIPTG(37℃)诱导下,env基因部分片段以融合蛋白的形式获得了良好的表达。表达产物经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳鉴定,确定其表达的融合蛋白相对分子质量为72kD,并经Western-blot检测,发现在72kd目标条带处呈现一棕红色印迹。     

分子克隆化禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒传染性及其前病毒全基因组序列研究

利用脂质体转染技术,将含有SNV株禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒 （REV）前病毒全基因组cDNA克隆质粒转染鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）.用对REV的单克隆抗体和抗REV env-gp90的鼠血清作间接免疫荧光反应,在原始的转染细胞及随后传代的细胞中均显示病毒特异性抗原.而且,在连续传代细胞中的阳性率明显升高.用REV特异性引物对进一步传代后的细胞基因组作PCR,也检测出REV基因组.这些结果均表明所得到的分子克隆化病毒具有传染性,因而也进一步证明所用的质粒克隆包含有具感染性的全病毒基因组.对该全基因组cDNA克隆进行酶切所获得的数个亚克隆进行测序,并将序列进行拼接,完成了REV全基因组序列.REV的这个传染性克隆将有助于进一步研究REV的分子生物学特性.     

鸡马立克氏病毒和网状内皮增生病毒感染肉鸡时的相互作用

为了研究鸡马立克氏病病毒(MDV)和网状内皮增生病病毒(REV)共感染时的相互作用,分别在REV母源抗体阳性(REV-Ab )和阴性(REV-Abˉ)及经MDV疫苗CVI988株免疫和不免疫的商品代肉鸡,比较了二种病毒在病毒血症水平和特异抗体效价上的相互影响。结果表明,在未经CVI988株免疫鸡,REV病毒血症对MDV强毒接种后的病毒血症水平及抗体效价无明显影响,但REV病毒血症显著抑制了CVI988疫苗免疫为鸡提供的抵抗力和抗体效价,因而提高了强毒MDV感染后的病毒血症的程度。另一方面,MDV感染会显著减弱REV-Ab 鸡对REV感染的抵抗力,提高REV-Ab 鸡在感染REV后的病毒血症水平并抑制对它的抗体效价。分析表明,MDV和REV共感染主要通过抑制鸡体的免疫功能来影响另一种病毒的复制及其致病作用。     

鸡马立克氏病毒和网状内皮增生病毒感染肉鸡时的相互作用

为了研究鸡马立克氏病病毒(MDV)和网状内皮增生病病毒(REV)共感染时的相互作用,分别在REV母源抗体阳性(REV-Ab+)和阴性(REV-Ab-)及经MDV疫苗CVI988株免疫和不免疫的商品代肉鸡,比较了二种病毒在病毒血症水平和特异抗体效价上的相互影响.结果表明,在未经CVI988株免疫鸡,REV病毒血症对MDV强毒接种后的病毒血症水平及抗体效价无明显影响,但REV病毒血症显著抑制了CVI988疫苗免疫为鸡提供的抵抗力和抗体效价,因而提高了强毒MDV感染后的病毒血症的程度.另一方面,MDV感染会显著减弱REV-Ab+鸡对REV感染的抵抗力,提高REV-Ab+鸡在感染REV后的病毒血症水平并抑制对它的抗体效价.分析表明,MDV和REV共感染主要通过抑制鸡体的免疫功能来影响另一种病毒的复制及其致病作用.     

Specific antigenic relationships between the RNA-dependent DNA polymerases of avian reticuloendotheliosis viruses and mammalian type C retroviruses

Immunoglobulin G directed against the DNA polymerase of Rauscher murine leukemia virus (R-MuLV) could bind to 125I-labeled DNA polymerase of spleen necrosis virus (SNV), a member of the reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) species. Competition radioimmunoassays showed the specificity of this cross-reaction. The antigenic determinants common to SNV and R-MuLV DNA polymerases were shared completely by the DNA polymerases of Gross MuLV, Moloney MuLV, RD 114 virus, REV-T, and duck infectious anemia virus. Baboon endogenous virus and chicken syncytial virus competed partially for antibodies directed against the common antigenic determinants of SNV and R-MuLV DNA polymerases. DNA polymerases of avian leukosis viruses, pheasant viruses, and mammalian type B and D retroviruses and particles with RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity from the allantoic fluid of normal chicken eggs and from the medium of a goose cell culture did not compete for the antibodies directed against the common antigenic determinants of SNV and R-MuLV DNA polymerases. We also present data about a factor in normal mammalian immunoglobulin G that specifically inhibits the DNA polymerases of REV and mammalian type C retrovirus DNA polymerases.     

一株具有急性致瘤特性的马立克氏病病毒的分离与鉴定

应用鸭胚成纤维细胞(DEF)从免疫过CVI988/Rispens疫苗株患马立克氏病(MD)的三黄鸡中分离到一株马立克氏病病毒(MDV)(命名为YL040920株)。从该分离株蚀斑克隆获得的9个克隆在蚀斑形成时间及其形态大小上均无明显差别,表明它较为单一;应用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术扩增并测定了毒株的致瘤相关基因meq的核苷酸序列,并与其他MDV-1参考毒株的序列进行比较分析,发现其序列具有MDV-1强毒株的特征;用基于抗MDV-1 MEQ蛋白的单克隆抗体3G12E6的免疫荧光试验(FA)对毒株的DEF培养物进行检测,发现有特异性的荧光定位于细胞核内;应用毒株感染霞烟鸡,最早在接种后(PI)21d即可诱发明显的内脏器官,在各器官肿瘤中以心脏、肝脏和皮肤的肿瘤发生率最高;用禽肿瘤病三重PCR鉴别诊断技术对毒株的DEF培养物以及感染鸡的内脏器官组织进行检测,均能扩增到MDV-1强毒株的特异性带,而网状内皮增生症病毒(REV)和禽白血病病毒(ALV)的检测则均为阴性。研究的结果表明,分离株YL040920为单一的MDV-1强毒株,无REV、ALV以及疫苗株CVI988/Rispens的混杂,并具有以心脏、肝脏和皮肤肿瘤为主的急性致瘤特性。     

昆虫细胞表达的网状内皮组织增殖症病毒囊膜糖蛋白及其免疫性

利用Bac-to-BacBaculovirusExpressionSystems构建了能表达禽网状内皮组织增殖症病毒(REV)囊膜糖蛋白基因(env)的重组杆状病毒。用REV特异性单克隆抗体分别做间接免疫荧光抗体试验(IFA)和免疫转印试验,均可从感染的Sf9昆虫细胞中检出REVenv。重组杆状病毒感染的Sf9细胞裂解后制备成油乳疫苗免疫SPF鸡后,可以诱发维持45d以上的特异性抗REV抗体,并可抵抗REV病毒感染。     

Detection of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus by Real-Time PCR in Naturally and Experimentally Infected Chickens

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an acute, highly contagious upper-respiratory infectious disease of chickens. In this study, a real-time PCR method was developed for fast and accurate detection and quantitation of ILTV DNA of chickens experimentally infected with ILTV strain LJS09 and naturally infected chickens. The detection lower limit of the assay was 10 copies of DNA. There were no cross reactions with the DNA and RNA of infectious bursal disease virus, chicken anemia virus, reticuloendotheliosis virus, avian reovirus, Newcastle disease virus, and Marek''s disease virus. The real-time PCR was reproducible as the coefficients of variation of reproducibility of the intra-assay and the inter-assay were less than 2%. The real-time PCR was used to detect the levels of the ILTV DNA in the tissues of specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens infected with ILTV at different times post infection. ILTV DNA was detected by real-time PCR in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, larynx, tongue, thymus, glandular stomach, duodenum, pancreatic gland, small intestine, large intestine, cecum, cecal tonsil, bursa of Fabricius, and brain of chickens in the infection group and the contact-exposure group. The sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of the ILTV real-time PCR assay revealed its suitability for detection and quantitation of ILTV in the samples from clinically and experimentally ILTV infected chickens.     

Depression of mitogen response in spleen cells from reticuloendotheliosis virus-infected chickens and their suppressive effect on normal lymphocyte response

Spleen cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes from chickens infected with reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) were depressed in their responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). When spleen cells from uninfected chickens were co-cultured with spleen cells from chickens infected with REV at 2 weeks of age, the PHA response by the normal cells was completely suppressed. Although spleen cells from chickens infected with REV at 6 or 9 weeks of age were also suppressed in their ability to respond to PHA, they did not suppress the mitogenic response of normal cells in mixed cultures.     

Fowlpox virus recombinants expressing the envelope glycoprotein of an avian reticuloendotheliosis retrovirus induce neutralizing antibodies and reduce viremia in chickens.

Eight stable fowlpox virus (FPV) recombinants which express the envelope glycoprotein of the spleen necrosis virus (SNV) strain of reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), an avian retrovirus, were constructed. These recombinants differ in the genomic location of the inserted genes, in the orientation of the insert relative to flanking viral sequences, and in the promoter used to drive expression of the env gene. Of these variables, promoter strength seems to be the most crucial. The P7.5 promoter of vaccinia virus, which is commonly used in the construction of both vaccinia virus and FPV recombinants, resulted in lower levels of expression of the envelope antigen in infected chicken cells compared with a strong synthetic promoter, as determined by immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Two peptides encoded by the env gene, the 21-kDa transmembrane peptide and a 62-kDa precursor, were detected by immunoprecipitation of labeled proteins from cells infected with recombinant FPVs, using monoclonal antibodies against REV. These peptides comigrated with those precipitated from REV-infected cells. One of the recombinants (f29R-SNenv) was used for vaccination of 1-day-old chickens. Vaccinated chicks developed neutralizing antibodies to SNV more rapidly than did unvaccinated controls following SNV challenge and were protected against both viremia and the SNV-induced runting syndrome.     

Avian reticuloendotheliosis virus: characterization of genome structure by heteroduplex mapping

The genome structure of defective, oncogenic avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) was studied by heteroduplex mapping between the full-length complementary DNA of the helper virus REV-T1 and the 30S REV RNA. The REV genome (5.5 kilobases) had a deletion of 3.69 kilobases in the gag-pol region, confirming the genetic defectiveness of REV. In addition, REV lacked the sequences corresponding to the env gene but contained, instead, a contiguous stretch (1.6 to 1.9 kilobases) of the specific sequences presumably related to viral oncogenicity. Unlike those of other avian acute leukemia viruses, the transformation-specific sequences of REV were not contiguous with the gag-pol deletion. Thus, REV has a genome structure similar to that of a defective mink cell focus-inducing virus or a defective murine sarcoma virus. An additional class of heteroduplex molecules containing the gag-pol deletion and two other smaller deletion loops was observed. These molecules probably represented recombinants between the oncogenic REV and its helper virus.