微生态学的崛起与观念革命

1.微观层次生态学是研究生物与外环境相互依赖,相互制约的生命科学。传统的生态学是研究植物、动物及人类个体或由个体组成的种群和群落的生态学规律。这是生态学的宏观层次,因而也可叫作宏观生态学。生态学的另一个层次就是微观生态学。微观生态学是生态学的微观层次,其研究对象是植物、动物及人类个体以下的     

微生态学及生态疗法

生态学是研究生物与其环境之间相互关系的科学,它分宏观生态和微观生态.实际上,宏观和微观是生态学的两个不同层次,一切宏观生态因素都必须通过微观生态规律起作用。忽视那个层次都是不行的。一、微生态学的概念微生态学是研究微生物群与其宿主(人、动物、植物及微生物)相互关系的科学。微生态学重点研     

微生态学正在迅猛发展

微生态学正在迅猛发展大连医科大学微生态学研究所大连１１６０２７康白人类面临着内、外两个环境的挑战。内环境属于微观生态学研究领域,外环境属于宏观生态学的研究领域。宏观生态学,已经取得了大量的科学信息,并引起了人类的高度重视。微观生态学（微生态学）,却刚...     

中国昆虫生态学五十年(1949～1999)

150年来昆虫生态学在我国的发展概况昆虫生态学这门学科50年来在我国有了很大的发展,它不仅由一门经典的描述性生物分文学科,发展而成为动态的定量分析的学科,由一门纯生物学科发展而成多门交叉学科,并且正在通过宏观学科与微观学科相结合,而发展成为一门完整的综合生态学科。50年前（即1949年以前）昆虫生态学在我国的基础极其薄弱,仅有一些田间调查描述性的记载。50年代的研究内容主要是重要害虫的田间发生规律及生态习性,亦相应开展一些生理生态的实验工作。60年代的中心工作是种群生态学的数量动态与空间动态的研究以及种群大发…     

土壤微生物群落构建理论与时空演变特征

土壤微生物作为陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,直接或间接地参与几乎所有的土壤生态过程,在物质循环、能量转换以及污染物降解等过程中都发挥着重要作用。对土壤微生物时空演变规律及其形成机制的研究,不仅是微生物演变和进化的基础科学问题,也是预测微生物及其所介导的生态功能对环境条件变化响应、适应和反馈的理论依据。讨论了土壤微生物群落的定义、测度方法和指标,认为群落是联系动植物宏观生态学与微生物生态学的基础,群落构建机制是宏观和微观生态学都需要研究的核心科学问题;从生态学的群落构建理论出发,阐述了包括生态位理论/中性理论、过程理论和多样性-稳定性理论在土壤微生物时空演变研究中的应用,以及微生物群落在时间和空间上的分布特征及其尺度效应;确立了以微生物群落构建理论为基础、不同时空尺度下土壤微生物群落演变特征为主要内容的微生物演变研究的基本框架。     

代谢科学:解密自然代谢,谋划生物“智”造

正代谢是生物体内所发生的用于维持生命活动的一系列有序化学反应的总称,是一切生命活动的核心和基础.代谢的话题几乎随着生命科学的诞生而同时出现,它的科学内容和本质则随着生命科学和生物技术的持续发展而升华,不断地丰富着生命科学的内涵.21世纪以来,"基因组计划"从宏观和群体水平揭示着生命的遗传基础;"蛋白质科学计划"从微观和个体水平展示出众多生物大分子的相互和调控作用,推动着对生命过程的     

试论原子生态学成为一门生态学分支学科的可能性

生态学依其原来的含义 ,是指生物与其所存在的环境条件之间相互关系的科学 ,这属传统生态学 ,即常称的生态学。由于国内的微生物生态学有很大的发展 ,而微生物又多是单细胞性的 ,这就使人们考虑微生物生态学应扩展为包括高等生物作为细胞性生命单元的细胞在内 ,这就使微生物生态学变为包括高等生物细胞在内的细胞水平的生态学了。这里显然出现了生态学的层次性问题 ,那就是宏观群体水平的生态学 ,微观细胞水平的生态学和超微观分子水平的生态 ;现在一般所称的绿色生态 (包括绿化生态和农业生态 )、兰色生态 (海洋生态 )和白色生态(塑料袋生…     

生命科学的发展对中学生物课程的影响(一)

生命科学的发展不仅影响到社会发展和个人生活的方方面面 ,对中学生物课程的改革 ,从课程理念到课程内容 ,乃至课程实施的过程和方法 ,也将产生深刻的影响。研究和反映生命科学的发展对中学生物课程的影响 ,对面向 2 1世纪的课程改革具有重要意义。1　当代生命科学的发展及其在自然科学中的作用当代生命科学在朝着微观和宏观两个方面向纵深发展。在微观方面 ,主要是在分子水平上研究生命过程和现象 ;在宏观方面 ,主要是生态学的研究 ,特别是生物多样性的研究日益引起人们的关注。正如邹承鲁院士《生物学走向 2 1世纪》一文所言 ,当前凡是研…     

植物密度调控及其对环境变化响应的研究进展

植物密度调控规律研究对于推动植物生态学理论的发展和指导林业、农业、牧业的合理密植以及恢复、改良不良生态环境等具有重要意义.文章综述了植物-3/2与-1/2自疏法则,自疏指数的不稳定性与争论,以及自疏法则与密度调控指数的关系的研究,总结了密度调控指数对水分梯度、盐分浓度、海拔以及光照条件等环境变化的响应,讨论了植物个体间的正负相互作用及其生态场、植物形态、盖度等植物密度调控机理与环境变化的关系,指出自疏指数研究经历从恒定、变异、随环境变化的发展,最后从WBE模型和代谢生态理论(MTE)、植物邻体效应、根冠整合机制、植物根际微生物对植物相互作用的调控、宏观与微观结合等方面展望了植物密度调控规律的研究发展趋势.     

法国生态学研究简况

生态学研究在法国已有悠久的历史,曾产生过著名的法瑞学派(西欧学派),与北欧学派、英美学派、俄国学派等一道,对生态学的发展建立了不可磨灭的功绩。现代生态学在法国得到了蓬勃的发展,研究工作在时间与空间两个尺度上不断向微观和宏观扩展,生态学正与生理学、进化生物学等生命科学结合起来,成为探索生命的本质,起源与演化、功能与动态的重要学科。这与国际上生态学研究的发展趋势是一致的。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV