小叶米仔兰枝条中的抗菌活性成分研究

为探讨小叶米仔兰(Aglaia odorata var.microphyllina)中的抗菌活性成分,从其枝条的乙醇提取物中分离得到6个化合物,通过波谱分析,分别鉴定为:4(15)-桉叶烯-1β,7,11-三醇(1)、4α,10β,11-三羟基-1,5-反-愈创木烷-6-烯(2)、6,15α-环氧-1β,4β-二羟基桉烷(3)、2-羟基-丁二酸-1-甲酯(4)、巴西红厚壳素(5)和胡萝卜苷(6)。以上化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物1、2、4和5为首次从米仔兰属植物中分离得到。用滤纸片琼脂扩散法测定了化合物1~5的抗菌活性,结果显示化合物4和5对金黄色葡萄球菌有抑制作用。     

棉毛橐吾根茎中化学成分研究

采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20凝胶、Toyopearl HW-40凝胶及Diaion HP-20树脂等色谱方法从云南丽江棉毛橐吾中分离得到化合物18个,通过理化手段及波谱技术分别鉴定为:呋喃艾里莫芬-14β,6α-内酯(1)、β-谷甾醇(2)、惕格酸(3)、棕榈酸(4)、十九烷酸甲酯(5)、艾里莫芬-7(11)-烯-12,8α(14β,6α)-二内酯(6)、8β-甲氧基艾里莫芬-7(11)-烯-12,8α(14β,6α)-二内酯(7)、1-O-十六烷酰基甘油酯(8)、8β-羟基艾里莫芬-7(11)-烯-12,8α(14β,6α)-二内酯(9)、对羟基桂皮酸甲酯(10)、对羟基苯乙酮(11)、伞形花内酯(12)、3,4-二羟基苯乙酮(13)、胡萝卜苷(14)、1,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸(15)、对羟基桂皮酸(16)、咖啡酸(17)及七叶内酯(18),其中化合物4~5,8,10,13,15及17,18为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

美花圆叶筋骨草化学成分研究

研究美花圆叶筋骨草Ajuga ovalifolia var.calantha的化学成分和生物活性。实验采用硅胶柱色谱、SephadexLH-20凝胶柱色谱、ODS柱色谱和半制备型高效液相色谱等分离纯化方法,从美花圆叶筋骨草全草70%丙酮提取物乙酸乙酯部位中分离得到了12个化合物,根据波谱学数据进行结构鉴定为:2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(1)、oct-1-en-3-yl-β-glucopyranoside(2)、异地黄苷(3)、20-羟基蜕皮素-20,22-单丙酮化合物(4)、n-辛基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5)、(2S)-3-O-octadeca-9Z,12Z,15Z-trienoylglyceryl-O-β-D-galactopyranoside(6)、地黄苷(7)、乙酰哈巴苷(8)、水龙骨素B(9)、香草乙酮(10)、筋骨草内酯(11)、α-(9Z,12′Z,15′Z)-octadecatrienoicacidmonoglyceride(12),其中化合物1~6、8、12为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物1~9、11~12为首次从美花圆叶筋骨草中分离得到。运用脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7生成NO的细胞模型对化合物3、4、7、9、11进行抗炎活性筛选和磷酸甘油酸脱氢酶(PHGDH)活性测定。所筛化合物均无抗炎活性,化合物7对PHGDH具有一定的抑制作用。     

青杞的化学成分研究

研究青杞地上部分(Solanum septemlobum Bunge)的化学成分.利用硅胶色谱柱层析进行分离纯化,通过波谱数据结合理化性质,鉴定为东莨菪内酯(scopoletin,1),N-反式阿魏酸酪酰胺(N-trans-feruloyl tyramine,2),14-methoxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-(5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-y1)hexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl ace-rate(3),9,11-环氧麦角甾醇(9α,11α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol,4),豆甾醇-3-O-β-D-(6-软酯酰)葡萄糖苷(β-stigmasteryl-3-O-β-D-(6-palmityl)glucopyranoside,5),二十二烷基-反式-阿魏酸酯((E)-docosyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylate,6),豆甾醇(stigmagtero,7),棕榈酸(hexadecanoic acid,8),正三十烷(triacontane,9),β-胡萝卜苷(daucosterol,10),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,11).化合物1～11均为首次从本植物中得到,其中化合物1、2为首次在本属植物中分离得到.     

腺花香茶菜地下根茎化学成分研究

采用硅胶、RP-18等柱色谱,从腺花香茶菜地下根茎70%丙酮提取物的乙酸乙酯部位分离得到16个化合物,通过理化性质和波谱数据分别鉴定为维西香茶菜甲素(1)、2α-羟基齐墩果酸(2)、2α,23-二羟基齐墩果酸(3)、2β,3β-二-O-异丙叉基-齐墩果-12-烯-28-酸(4)、乙酰熊果酸(5)、1-棕榈酸单甘油酯(6)、1-油酸单甘油酯(7)、1-亚油酸单甘油酯(8)、1,2-亚油酸甘油二酯(9)、α-亚麻酸甲酯(10)、棕榈酸(11)、硬脂酸(12)、油酸(13)、7α-羟基豆甾醇(14)、7β-羟基谷甾醇(15)、β-谷甾醇(16)。化合物4、6～10和13～15为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物2、3、5、11和12为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

多穗金栗兰中一个新的酚苷

从多穗金粟兰(Chloranthus multistachys)全株的甲醇提取物中分离得到1个新的酚苷,通过波谱技术鉴定其结构为丁香酸-4-O-a-L-鼠李吡喃糖苷(1).同时还首次从该植物中分离得到两个已知倍半萜内酯和一个已知木脂素:1β,4β-二羟基-5a,8β-二氢-7(11)Z-桉叶烯-8,12-内酯(2),lβ,4a-二羟基-5a,8β-二氢-7(11)Z-桉叶烯-8,12-内酯(3),(-)-(7S,8R)-dihydrodehydrodiconifery alcohol(4).     

东北雷公藤三萜成分的研究

从东北雷公藤(Tripterygium regeli)根的乙醇提取物分得10种三萜化合物,经波谱分析和化学转化,鉴定为雷公藤内酯甲(wilforlide A 1)、雷公藤内酯乙(wilfo rlide B 2)、黑蔓内酯(regelide 3)、3β-羟基-11,13(18)-齐墩果二烯(3β-hydroxy-olean-11,13(18)-diene4)、orthosphenic acid(5)、salaspermic acid(6)、3-epikatonic acid(7)、maytenfolic acid(8)、3β-acecyl-oleanolic acid(9)和南蛇藤素(celastrol 10)。化合物3—10首次从该植物分得,3是新化合物.     

沙针（Osyriswightiana）的化学成分研究

从沙针乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部分分离得到11个化合物,它们的结构经波谱分析鉴定为(+)儿茶素(1)、(+)-afzelechin-3-氧-L-鼠李糖(2)、afzelechin-(4α-8)-儿茶素(3)、(+)-儿茶素-3-氧-L-鼠李糖(4)、二氢山奈酚3-氧-L鼠李糖(5)、反式-植醇(6)、24-乙基胆甾烷-5,22.二烯-3β-醇-棕榈酸酯(7)、2.十八烯酸(8)、芒柄花萜醇(9)、3β-谷甾醇(10)、胡萝卜苷(11).化合物1～11为首次从该属植物中分离得到.     

中华小苦荬萜类化学成分的研究(英文)

从中华小苦荬全草的乙酸乙酯提取物中分离得到8个萜类化合物,通过波谱方法及文献对照分别鉴定为β-香树脂素(1),3β-羟基-20(30)-蒲公英甾烯(2),熊果-12-烯-3β-醇(3),羽扇豆醇(4),10-羟基艾里莫芬-7(11)-烯-12,8α-内酯(5),乌苏-12,20(30)-二烯-3β,28-二醇(6),3β,8α-二羟基-6β-当归酰基艾里莫芬-7(11)-烯-12,8β-内酯(7)和乌苏酸(8),化合物1～8均首次从该植物中分离得到。     

多穗金粟兰中一个新的酚苷(英文)

从多穗金粟兰(Chloranthus multistachys)全株的甲醇提取物中分离得到1个新的酚苷,通过波谱技术鉴定其结构为丁香酸-4-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖苷(1)。同时还首次从该植物中分离得到两个已知倍半萜内酯和一个已知木脂素:1β,4β-二羟基-5α,8β-二氢-7(11)Z-桉叶烯-8,12-内酯(2),1β,4α-二羟基-5α,8β-二氢-7(11)Z-桉叶烯-8,12-内酯(3),(-)-(7S,8R)-dihydrodehydrodiconifery alcohol(4)。     

Microbial hydroxylation. I. Hydroxylation of aniline byAspergillus alliaceus,A. albertensis andA. terreus

Summary Six hundred and seventy microorganisms were screened for the ability to perform stereoselective aromatic hydroxylation reactions of industrial significance, using aniline as a model substrate. TLC and HPLC analyses with diode array detection were used to identify and characterize hydroxylase activities. Of 79 cultures belonging to the speciesAspergillus alliaceus, A. albertensis, andA. terreus, 26 strains produced 2-aminophenol. Thirty strains were able to hydroxylate aniline in thepara position. Five strains ofA. terreus produced an unidentified phenolic compound in high yield.The mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the US Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned.     

Androecial development and systematics inFlacourtiaceae s. l.

Androecial development of 13 species belonging to six tribes ofFlacourtiaceae has been investigated. While inScolopieae andFlacourtieae the stamens develop centrifugally, inErythrospermeae, Oncobeae andPangieae they are initiated in a centripetal sequence or a sequence that is neither distinctly centripetal nor centrifugal. The distribution of these developmental patterns coincides with the distribution of other characters (e.g. cyanogenic compounds, salicoid leaf teeth) and therefore supports a split of the family intoFlacourtiaceae s. str. (containing theScolopieae, Homalieae, Prockieae, Flacourtieae, Casearieae andBembicieae) andKiggelariaceae (withErythrospermeae, Oncobeae andPangieae) and is in accordance with results of recentrbcL studies.     

Novel facultative anaerobic acidotolerant Telmatospirillum siberiense gen. nov. sp. nov. isolated from mesotrophic fen

Three facultative anaerobic acidotolerant Gram-negative motile spirilla strains designated 26-4b1, 26-2 and K-1 were isolated from mesotrophic Siberian fen as a component of methanogenic consortia. The isolates were found to grow chemoorganotrophically on several organic acids and glucose under anoxic and low oxygen pressure in the dark, tolerant up to 5kPa of oxygen. At low oxygen supply, faint autotrophic growth on the H(2):CO(2) mixture was also observed. All three isolates were able to fix N(2). Major cellular fatty acids were 18:1 omega7c, 17:0 cyclopropane and 16:0. Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that they formed a deep branch within the family Rhodospirillaceae of the Alphaproteobacteria with the highest similarity of 90.9-92.5% with members of genera Phaeospirillum and Magnetospirillum. Phylogenetic study of nifH (nitrogenase) and cbbL (RuBisCO) amino acid sequence identities confirmed that the new isolates represent a novel group. Based on the phylogenetic analyses and distinct phenotypic characteristics, we are of the opinion that strains 26-4b1, 26-2 and K-1 represent a new species of a novel genus for which the name Telmatospirillum siberiense gen. nov. sp. nov. is proposed.     

Taxonomic studies on three marine pleurostomatid ciliates, Litonotus bergeri nov. spec., L. blattereri nov. spec. and L. petzi nov. spec. (Ciliophora, Pleurostomatida) from North China Sea

The morphology and infraciliature of three pleurostomatid ciliates, Litonotus bergeri nov. spec., L. blattereri nov. spec. and L. petzi nov. spec., collected from mariculture ponds near Qingdao (Tsingtao), China, were investigated using live observations and the protargol impregnation method. These new species are distinguished from their congeners by a combination of characters including the typical distribution of extrusomes, i.e., along entire ventral margin, the number of macronuclear nodules, features and number of somatic kineties, living morphology, number and position of contractile vacuoles and their marine biotopes. Considering the distribution of extrusomes and general morphology, five new combinations are suggested, Litonotus vermiforme (Sauerbrey, 1928) nov. comb. [basionym: Loxophyllum vermiforme Sauerbrey, 1928], Litonotus levigatum (Sauerbrey, 1928) nov. comb. [basionym: Loxophyllum levigatum Sauerbrey, 1928], Litonotus undulatum (Sauerbrey, 1928) nov. comb. [basionym: Loxophyllum undulatum Sauerbrey, 1928], Loxophyllum pictus (Gruber, 1884) nov. comb. [basionym: Litonotus pictus Gruber, 1884] and Loxophyllum trichocystiferus (Foissner, 1984) nov. comb. [basionym: Litonotus trichocystiferus Foissner, 1984].     

Genome analysis ofElymus angulatus andE. patagonicus (Poaceae) and their hybrids with N. and S. AmericanHordeum spp.

The results of genome analysis of five hybrids, viz.Elymus patagonicus ×Hordeum procerum, E. patagonicus ×H. tetraploidum, E. angulatus ×H. jubatum, E. angulatus ×H. lechleri, andE. angulatus ×H. parodii, are reported. The genomic constitution ofHordeum tetraploidum andH. jubatum is best given as H₁H₁H₂H₂, ofH. lechleri andH. parodii as H₁H₁H₂H₂H₄H₄, ofH. procerum as H₁H₁H₂H₂H₃H₃, and ofElymus patagonicus andE. angulatus as SSH₁H₁H₂H₂.     

Phytophthora captiosa sp. nov. and P. fallax sp. nov. causing crown dieback of Eucalyptus in New Zealand

A locally severe crown disease of exotic plantation Eucalyptus trees has been recorded periodically in New Zealand since 1986. Symptoms include leaf spots, petiole infection and twig and small branch lesions. Outbreaks of disease are episodic and individual trees may show marked variation in crown symptoms ranging from unaffected to total defoliation. Two previously unknown species of Phytophthora are associated with the disease. These are described and formally designated here as P. captiosa, from Eucalyptus botryoides and E. saligna; and P. fallax, from E. delegatensis, E. fastigata, E. nitens and E. regnans. Both P. captiosa and P. fallax have non-papillate, non-caducous sporangia and both are self-fertile. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of ITS rDNA sequence data indicates they are closely related to each other but evolutionarily distant from the majority of described Phytophthora taxa. They share a common ancestor with another assemblage of Phytophthora lineages that includes P. insolita, P. macrochlamydospora and P. richardiae. Sporulation of P. captiosa and P. fallax has not been observed in the field. The mode of infection and spread of these non-caducous Phytophthora species in the eucalypt tree canopy remains unknown. This issue, and the possible geographic origins of these two Phytophthora species are discussed.     

丹霞柿，广东柿属(柿科)一新组合及其一新异名

通过查阅模式标本后发现丹霞南烛(Lyonia danxiaensis R. H. MiaoW. Q. Liu)具有聚伞花序,花部为4数,雄蕊16枚且成对着生,花丝非膝曲状等特征与珍珠花属(Lyonia)不符,而与柿科(Ebenaceae)柿属(Diospyros)一致,因此提出一新组合:丹霞柿[Diospyros danxiaensis (R. H. MiaoW. Q. Liu) Y. H. TongN. H. Xia]。且经标本比对后发现,新近发表的彭华柿(Diospyros penghuae W. B. Liao, Q. FanW. Y. Zhao)与丹霞柿实为同种,在此也予以合并。     

Cylindrocladium angustatum sp. nov., a new leaf spot pathogen ofTillandsia capitata from Florida, U.S.A.

Cylindrocladium angustatum is described as a new species fromTillandsia introduced with plant material into the U.S.A. from Central America. Koch's postulates are established to prove its pathogenicity to this host. The species is compared with and distinguished fromC. heptaseptatum andC. rumohrae based on morphology, cultural characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of sequence data of the beta-tubulin gene.     

Morphological differentiation ofFusarium sambucinum Fuckel sensu stricto,F. torulosum (Berk. & Curt.) Nirenberg comb. nov. andF. venenatum Nirenberg sp. nov.

WithinFusarium sambucinum Fuckel sensu lato three species were differentiated:F. sambucinum Fuckel s. str.,F. torulosum (Berk. et Curt.) Nirenberg comb. nov. andF. venenatum Nirenberg sp. nov. They are described and illustrated in detail.