NOTES ON THE GENUS RICHARDSIA PAPP IN CHINA (DIPTERA,SPHAEROCERIDAE, COPROMYZINAE)

报道小粪蝇科1新纪录属和1新纪录种:理小粪蝇属Richardsia Papp,1973及该属蒙古理小粪蝇Richardsia mongolica( Papp,1973),之前仅在蒙古分布记录.文中补充了蒙古理小粪蝇雌性后腹部特征图.研究标本均保存在沈阳大学.     

中国陆小粪蝇属新种和一新纪录种(双翅目,小粪蝇科)

记述中国陆小粪蝇属Terrilimosina Rohacek 2种,其中产自广西猫儿山的1新种:羊角陆小粪蝇T.capricornis Su et Liu,sp.nov.和采自辽西的1新纪录种:短陆小粪蝇T.nana Hayashi,1992.新种模式标本和检查标本均保存于沈阳大学.     

中国刺足小粪蝇属一新种和一新纪录种(双翅目,小粪蝇科)(英文)

记述了中国刺足小粪蝇属Phthitia Enderlein 2种,新种为双角刺足小粪蝇Phthitia bicornis sp.nov.,新纪录种为指刺足小粪蝇P.glabrescensc,研究标本保存在沈阳大学.     

中国单小粪蝇属记述及一新种描述(双翅目:小粪蝇科:沼小粪蝇亚科)

记述1新记录属各1新种.列出了中国单小粪蝇属已知种检索表(♀).四刺单小粪蝇Monorbiseta quadrispinula Su,新种(图11～16 )该新种与新记录种M monorbiseta (Deeming)的区别是:髭角及颊略带棕黑色;第2前缘脉长略短于第3前缘脉;R2+3长,略直;雌性第8背片中骨片矩形;...     

中国四川阳蝇属二新种及华西粪蝇补充描述（双翅目：蝇科，粪蝇科）

报道中国四川地区蝇科阳蝇属Helina Robineau-Desvoidy,1830二新种,黑肩阳蝇Helina ateritegula,sp.nov.,拱阳蝇Helina arcuatiabdomina,sp.nov.,并对粪蝇科粪蝇属Scathophaga Meigen,1803的华西粪蝇Scathophaga chinensis (Malloch,1935)作补充描述,新种模式标本存中国科学院上海昆虫研究所昆虫标本馆。     

双额岩小粪蝇生物学特性研究

双额岩小粪蝇Bifronsina bifronS (stenharnmar) 为中国大陆新记录种,近年来,在广州草菇场大量发生.本文观察了其生活史,对各虫态的形态特征进行了描述.     

川西北地区泉蝇属一新种及邻泉蝇属一新纪录

本文记述采自川西北地区泉蝇属一新种——黄龙泉蝇Pegomya huanglongensis 1♂及邻泉蝇属一新纪录种——兰得贝克邻泉蝇Paradelia,lundbeckii,并附Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ腹板及尾器图。     

中国池蝇属一新种及一新纪录种(双翅目:蝇科)

1979－1998年在四川西部山区采获的成蝇标本中,发现蝇科池蝇属Limnophora R.-D 1830 1新种,大渡河池蝇Limnophora daduhea sp.nov;中国新纪录1种,银额池蝇Limnophora argentata Emden,1965,模式标本及新纪录标本存中国军事医学科学院医学昆虫标本馆。     

植物精油对草菇双额岩小粪蝇的产卵驱避效果及毒力测定

在室内采用选择性试验测定了14种植物精油单组分化合物对草菇双额岩小粪蝇Bifronsina bifrons(Stenhammar)的产卵驱避效果及在室外采用非选择试验测定了其中3种化合物的产卵驱避效果及毒力测定。结果表明:各精油浓度为10 000 mg/L时,α-松油醇、丁香酚和茴香醛表现出明显的产卵驱避效果,其选择性产卵驱避率分别是60.17%±9.57%、51.07%±2.63%和47.66%±7.10%,产卵量均显著低于对照;月桂烯、α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯和异松油烯产卵驱避作用效果不明显。α-松油醇、丁香酚和茴香醛对双额岩小粪蝇幼虫均具有一定的毒性,对幼虫的校正死亡率分别是5.11%±3.54%、42.68%±3.94%和14.47%±6.92%;丁香酚对双额岩小粪蝇幼虫的毒力最大,LC_(50)为16 965.159 mg/L。其次是茴香醛,LC_(50)为311 941.332 mg/L。α-松油醇毒力最差,LC_(50)为40 676 080.550 mg/L。进一步非选择性试验结果表明α-松油醇(1 250 mg/L～20 000 mg/L)、丁香酚(625 mg/L～20 000 mg/L)和茴香醛(2 500 mg/L～20 000 mg/L)对双额岩小粪蝇具有明显的产卵驱避效果,驱避效果随施用浓度的增加而显著增加。在浓度为20 000 mg/L时α-松油醇、丁香酚和茴香醛的非选择性产卵驱避率分别为69.75%±3.98%、60.75%±1.94%和57.23%±3.38%。本研究为草菇生产中双额岩小粪蝇的无公害防治及高效环保的植物源驱避剂的开发提供参考。     

中国锥蚤蝇属(双翅目,蚤蝇科)一新种和一新纪录种(英文)

记述了中国蚤蝇科锥蚤蝇属Conicera 1新种和1新纪录种,指突锥蚤蝇Conicera digitalis sp.nov.和方叶锥蚤蝇Conicera quadrata Michailovskaya.指突锥蚤蝇与肾叶锥蚤蝇相似,但两者在前缘脉指数及侧尾叶形状上有所区别.模式标本存于沈阳大学生物与环境工程学院.     

四合木(Tetraenamongolica)林地昆虫群落的组成、结构及多样性特征

濒危植物四合木(Tetraena mongolica)为我国特有的蒺藜科单种属落叶小灌木.对四合木林地昆虫群落进行了调查,共得昆虫标本11363号,263种.隶属于67个科(或总科)11个目.同翅目的个体数量和优势度指数最高;膜翅目的物种丰富度和多样性指数最大;双翅目的均匀度最大.数量优势类群(＞10％)为木虱和叶蝉类,常见类群(1％～10％)是象甲、小蜂、粒脉蜡蝉、拟步甲、蚂蚁、蝽科、皮蝽、盲蝽、斑翅蝗科昆虫.营养结构中植食性类群在种类和数量上占绝对优势,其中的吸食类昆虫优势度最大;天敌昆虫以寄生性类群为主,多样性最高;捕食性和中性昆虫的种类和数量相对较少,但捕食者的均匀度最高.灌木层与草本层相比,灌木层昆虫群落的物种丰富度和个体数量明显占优;优势种的优势度大.而草本层昆虫群落的多样性和均匀度高.2层整体的相似性低.膜翅目的共有种最多.     

小兴安岭蒙古栎和黄菠萝径向生长对气候变化的响应比较

蒙古栎和黄菠萝是东北温带森林中重要的阔叶树种,探究二者对气候变化的响应关系能够为未来气候变化情境下东北阔叶林的经营、保护及恢复提供科学依据.本文在小兴安岭地区沿经度梯度设置3个采样点--海伦、铁力和伊春,运用树轮年代学方法建立了3个采样点蒙古栎和黄菠萝的标准年表,分析了其与当地气候因子的关系,揭示了蒙古栎和黄菠萝生长-气候关系的时空变异规律.结果表明: 研究区黄菠萝径向生长对生长季温度变化敏感,而蒙古栎径向生长受生长季温度和降水的共同限制作用.蒙古栎和黄菠萝对温度的响应存在差异: 春季均温升高抑制蒙古栎径向生长,而促进黄菠萝径向生长;夏季高温对蒙古栎径向生长的限制作用明显高于黄菠萝.随经度(水分)增加,蒙古栎径向生长与水分因子的关系逐渐减弱,而黄菠萝没有明显变化.树种生理特性是影响树木生长-气候关系的关键因素.1976年升温后,黄菠萝生长随温度升高而升高,但蒙古栎生长却随温度升高而呈下降趋势.升温造成的干旱胁迫可能是两树种生长响应差异及蒙古栎出现响应分异现象的重要原因.如果未来增温趋势持续或者加重,蒙古栎的生长可能会因干旱胁迫加剧而衰退,黄菠萝则不受影响或生长略微加快.     

Taxonomic study of the genus Prorophora Ragonot, 1887 (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Phycitinae) in China, with description of a new species

The genus Prorophora Ragonot, 1887 is newly recorded for China. Of the three species treated here, Prorophora (Reisserempista) binacanthasp. n. is described as new; Prorophora (Prorophora) albidogilvella Roesler, 1970 and Prorophora (Reisserempista) mongolica Roesler, 1970 are diagnosed and newly recorded for China. Images of adults and illustrations of genital structures are provided, along with a key to the known species.     

宁夏蒙古扁桃群落特征与分类

蒙古扁桃(Amygdalus mongolica)是中国珍稀濒危保护植物, 对植物区系进化、维持荒漠生态系统多样性与稳定性具有较高的学术价值和诊断意义。在宁夏境内设置14个样地, 利用样地调查法对蒙古扁桃群落组成进行了研究。结果表明: 蒙古扁桃群落记录到物种有74种, 隶属于28科53属; 生长型统计显示乔木2种, 灌木21种, 半灌木11种, 多年生草本36种, 一年生草本4种。依据TWINSPAN等级分类将14个蒙古扁桃样地划分为蒙古扁桃-草本荒漠、蒙古扁桃-半灌木荒漠2个群丛组和蒙古扁桃-戈壁针茅(Amygdalus mongolica - Stipa tianschanica var. gobica)、蒙古扁桃-猫头刺(Amygdalus mongolica - Oxytropis aciphylla)、蒙古扁桃-短花针茅(Amygdalus mongolica - Stipa breviflora)、蒙古扁桃-蓍状亚菊(Amygdalus mongolica - Ajania achilleoides)、蒙古扁桃-阿拉善披碱草(Amygdalus mongolica - Elymus alashanicus)、蒙古扁桃-蓍状亚菊+短花针茅(Amygdalus mongolica - Ajania achilleoides + Stipa breviflora) 6个群丛。该研究结果将为蒙古扁桃的保护和利用以及该群系植被志的编纂提供基础数据。     

Genetic divergence, range expansion and possible homoploid hybrid speciation among pine species in Northeast China

Although homoploid hybrid speciation in plants is probably more common than previously realized, there are few well-documented cases of homoploid hybrid origin in conifers. We examined genetic divergence between two currently widespread pines in Northeast China, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and Pinus densiflora, and also whether two narrowly distributed pines in the same region, Pinus funebris and Pinus takahasii, might have originated from the two widespread species by homoploid hybrid speciation. Our results, based on population genetic analysis of chloroplast (cp), mitochondrial (mt) DNA, and nuclear gene sequence variation, showed that the two widespread species were divergent for both cp- and mtDNA variation, and also for haplotype variation at two of eight nuclear gene loci surveyed. Our analysis further indicated that P. sylvestris var. mongolica and P. densiflora remained allopatric during the most severe Quaternary glacial period that occurred in Northeast China, but subsequently exhibited rapid range expansions. P. funebris and P. takahasii, were found to contain a mixture of chlorotypes and nuclear haplotypes that distinguish P. sylvestris var. mongolica and P. densiflora, in support of the hypothesis that they possibly originated via homoploid hybrid speciation following secondary contact and hybridization between P. sylvestris var. mongolica and P. densiflora.     

Geographic variation in the structure of oak hybrid zones provides insights into the dynamics of speciation

Studying geographic variation in the rate of hybridization between closely related species could provide a useful window on the evolution of reproductive isolation. Reinforcement theory predicts greater prezygotic isolation in areas of prolonged contact between recently diverged species than in areas of recent contact, which implies that old contact zones would be dominated by parental phenotypes with few hybrids (bimodal hybrid zones), whereas recent contact zones would be characterized by hybrid swarms (unimodal hybrid zones). Here, we investigate how the hybrid zones of two closely related Chinese oaks, Quercus mongolica and Q. liaotungensis, are structured geographically using both nuclear and chloroplast markers. We found that populations of Q. liaotungensis located around the Changbai Mountains in Northeast China, an inferred glacial refugium, were introgressed by genes from Q. mongolica, suggesting historical contact between the two species in this region. However, these introgressed populations form sharp bimodal hybrid zones with Q. mongolica. In contrast, populations of Q. liaotungensis located in North China, which show no sign of ancient introgression with Q. mongolica, form unimodal hybrid zones with Q. mongolica. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that selection against hybrids has had sufficient time to reinforce the reproductive barriers between Q. liaotungensis and Q. mongolica in Northeast China but not in North China.     

Revision of the genus Rhotala Walker, 1857 (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Achilidae) in China,with description of a new species

The achilid genus Rhotala is taxonomically revised based on specimens from China. Four species are recognized in this paper as valid: R. vittata Matsumura, 1914; R. dimidiata Jacobi, 1944; R. fanjingshana Chen et Yang, 2008; and one new species: R. jiangxiensis sp. nov. (southern China: Jiangxi). Male genitalia of these species are described and illustrated. In addition, hind tibia, forewings and hindwings are illustrated for the male of R. jiangxiensis sp. nov. A diagnosis of the genus is redefined. A key to the species of Rhotala in China is presented.     

中国北方蒙古栎林起源和发展的初步探讨

古生态学的研究显示 ,栎林 (包括蒙古栎林 )在华北地区和东北地区的分布在地质历史时期不是一成不变的 ,其优势度也呈现上下波动 ,栎树优势度的增减是由于地质历史时期气候的变化造成的 ;蒙古栎的起源时间可能不早于上新世中期 ,蒙古栎林的起源也应不早于上新世中期。蒙古栎林的起源原因有 2种 ,即火与人类的反复砍伐。火是原生性质蒙古栎林在地质历史时期存在和扩散的根本原因 ,过度的人类活动 (主要是反复砍伐 )是促成现在蒙古栎次生林占优势地位的主要原因 ,这是由蒙古栎这个树种的生物学特性决定的 ,在没有外界因素的干扰和火减少的情况下 ,蒙古栎在演替过程中逐渐被耐荫的树种所取代 ,但是在中国北方 ,由于人类活动的加剧 ,蒙古栎林的优势度有增加的趋势。     

黑龙江漠河兴安落叶松与樟子松树轮生长特性及其对气候的响应

树木年轮 (简称树轮 ) 气候学是监测与重建全球气候变化的重要方法之一。针叶树树轮的生长能反馈出气温的变化, 在高纬度地带尤为明显。该文分析了生长在我国最北部的兴安落叶松 (Larixgmelinii) 与樟子松 (Pinussylvestrisvar.mongolica) 的树轮密度和宽度的特性。落叶松最大密度、晚材平均密度、早晚材宽度和轮宽都远高于樟子松。樟子松的所有密度变量的样本方差都明显高于兴安落叶松, 宽度变量的样本方差却明显低于兴安落叶松。两树种密度变量的差值年表显著相关, 宽度变量之间没有显著相关关系。落叶松与樟子松的晚材密度的形成受 7、8月的最高温控制。另外, 樟子松的晚材还与生长季节的长短相关。落叶松的年轮宽度对生长季节开始前的温度敏感, 而樟子松的轮宽对气候变量没有很好的响应。结果表明, 落叶松与樟子松的树轮最大密度都与生长季后期的温度显著相关, 两树种的树轮信息对气候变化的重建有很大的潜力。     

沙地云杉构件动态与结构

研究了沙地云杉的构件种群。结果表明：（1）沙地云杉根系生长迅速;（2）针叶寿命随树龄而变化;（3）枝条数量与枝条年龄存在如下关系：B40＝2682.5e-0.6958A,B200=5807.5e-1.3112A;（4）雄花／雌花随树龄迅速上升;（5）不同层次和方向上球果数量存在显著差异;（6）东方向的冠半径最长,西方向最短,枝条数量、长度,小枝数量随树龄而增加,小枝长度随树龄而缩短。结果表明,沙地云杉能够适就干旱的生态环境,其构件动态与结构是长期的自然选择与适应的结果。