黄土高原林草植被建设的地带性特征

 针对黄土高原现有人工林草植被存在的主要问题,依据天然植被地带性分布规律和实测资料,分析了以水分为主的生态条件及林草植被对水分利用的地带性特征,提出了黄土高原林草植被建设的群落学原理和关键技术。即：依据植被地带分布规律指导人工林草植被建设;选择地带性植被优势种作为主要造林种草的植物种;模拟天然植被结构实行乔灌草复层混交是快速建造稳定植被的科学途径。根据一些“适地适树”树种并不能正常成林的现象,提出造林应强调“适地适林”的原则,同时给出适宜黄土高原不同植被地带林草植被建设的主要树草种和伴生种或四旁绿化树种。     

东北珍贵阔叶树适地适树的研究

本文以森林类型为基础,利用数值分析法对东北地区珍贵阔叶树种适地适树进行了研究。白石砬子自然保护区可划分为3个森林类型组和8个森林类型,用逐步回归和立地指数法进行树种立地生产力评价,结果表明A层土厚、坡向、坡度、土壤湿度等是影响人工林生长的主导因子。在阔叶红松混交林,造林树种选择顺序为紫椴、裂叶榆、黄波罗、胡桃楸、水曲柳;而在阔叶杂木林,则是紫椴、胡桃楸、裂叶榆、黄波罗、水曲柳。     

浅析造林中对适地适树栽植技术的应用效果

本文着重分析了适地适树栽植技术在造林中应该遵循的原则:与当地气候环境相适应、选用技术过关人员调研与当地土质相适应和提高树木适应环境能力的原则,并提出进行适地适树栽植技术的有效方法:立地类型划分决策法和模糊决策法,以供广大读者参考。     

辽宁省冰砬山森林立地分类的研究

森林立地的研究是人工林集约经营的基础,正确地选择宜林地,科学造林,真正做到适地适树,必须进行森林立地分类。森林立地分类应是以现代森林生态学和生态系统理论为依据,研究植被(立木、下木、地被物)和地形、植被与土壤以及地形和土壤的关系。在揭     

油茶的分布及其适应性

油茶是重要的木本油料植物。油茶物种繁多,分布广,适应性强,但是不同物种的油茶,其分布范围不同,对环境条件的要求也不同。发展油茶生产,应考虑到种的适应性,做到因地制宜适地适树。     

十个树种生长节律与环境

前言研究主要用材树种生长节律,其目的在于了解树种的生长特点,分析气候条件及其相互关系的规律,为北亚热带气候条件下的主要造林树种的适地适树提供指导性依据;通过对同一树种不同生长阶段的特殊性的了解,为林业生产的抚育管理等措施的实施在时间上的合理性和科学性方面提供理论依据。1982年我们对北亚热带地区的10个主要用     

半干旱区四种针叶林蒸腾作用的研究

樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica)等是北方重要的绿化树种,已有离体称重法测定了其蒸腾速率及其与气候因子的关系。但是,由于土壤湿度是影响林木蒸腾的重要因子,因而,我们在查明林下土壤水分动态的同时,直接测试了活体的蒸腾速率的日季变化,并且估算了三种针叶林的蒸腾量,为适地适树造林提供科学依据。     

江西省不同类型退化荒山生态系统植植被恢复与重建措施

对江西省5种不同类型退化荒山生态系统进行综合治理,开展植被恢复与重建技术及理论研究,研究结果表明：优选的植物组合及合理的配置并辅以工程措施是快速启动植被恢复进程,控制水土流失、重建退化荒山生态系统的有效措施。一林多用的树种组合,合理的生物体系设计和针、阔叶树种混交是改良地力、改善环境,促进退化荒山生态系统进行演替的优良途径。先进造林技术的应用和林农牧业结合的复合经营方式是提高综合治疗效益,促进并持续生态恢复过程稳定的先决条件。     

基于遥感与实地调查对潜在可造林区乔木林和灌草地的比较

气候变化引起祁连山东部地区可适植被类型改变,探究植被类型转换的效果对生态环境可持续发展十分重要,但其转换方式及效果仍有待研究,此外传统植被调查的方法有诸多局限性,不能满足大尺度持续的监测,而遥感监测可以弥补这一劣势。基于遥感和样地调查以祁连山生态交错区甘沟小流域为研究地点,对原有灌草地和植树造林的乔木林进行比较,探究二者土壤理化性质、草本植物多样性及植被归一化指数（NDVI）,增强植被指数（EVI）,植被水分指数（NDMI）,水分胁迫指数（MSI）,叶绿素红外指数（CI）,陆地叶绿素指数（MTCI）的差异。结果表明仅有水分相关指标有显著性差异,其中造林造成浅层土壤水分显著降低（P<0.01）,4-5月份MSI和NDMI造林区植被水分高于灌草地（P<0.01）,7-8月份两种植被类型水分指数以及其余指数无显著性差异,另外造林后的土壤有机质出现了轻微下降（P>0.05）。遥感指数和样地调查指标相关性分析中,土壤有机质和Shannon多样性指数与CI成正相关（P<0.05）,植被覆盖度与NDMI成负相关（P<0.05）,由于覆盖度较低的灌草地EVI和NDVI被高估,覆盖度和EVI与NDVI相关性不显著。综合遥感指数和实地调查分析,短时间造林时间内乔木林牺牲了部分土壤水分,提高了植被盖度,且目前造林并未对当地环境产生胁迫,但对生态环境的改善并不明显。基于遥感和样地调查揭示了潜在植被类型转换区原有灌草地和植树造林区的差异,并探讨遥感在小尺度范围内植被监测上的适用性,为植被建设和遥感监测植被状况提供借鉴。     

滩地复层混交群落类型及其生长效益

为了提高人工造林的效益,为绿化荒滩提供可以选择的高效复层混交林类型及其营造技术,对现有复层混交林进行了调查研究,结果表明：目前滩地复层混交群落存在主要以下3种混交类型：①主要是马尾松与枫杨、枫香、木荷、水竹或青冈、苦槠的针阔复层混交类型;②以香樟、木荷、青冈、苦槠、枫香、榆树和大叶榉等树种为主的阔叶树复层混交类型;③以杨树、桤木等落叶树种与板栗、早园竹、香椿、银杏等价值高的经济树种为主的林农混交类型,即林农复合立体经营模式. 同时对营造杨桤混交林、杨落复层混交林、杨绿复层混交林等3种不同类型不同方式的混交试验林的阶段性分析,结果表明：5年生杨桤混交林中,杨树个体生长基本同纯林接近,桤木在带状混交林中树高生长量明显高于纯林,株间混交个体显著的受到抑制;3年生杨落复层混交林中,采用的8个树种经受了一年多次洪水考验,初步形成了杨阔复层混交群落且长势喜人;2年生杨绿复层混交林中,中山柏、侧柏、香樟等7个树种造林成活率均在90%以上,生长良好,但山杜英、女贞可能是试验林应用除草剂不当的缘故,造林成活率、生长势都受到了严重的影响.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.