黑荆树的风害及其对策

黑荆树系现今最理想的栲胶树种之一。它在福建南部地区的生长良好,是值得推广的栲胶树种。在多年的引种试种、栽培管理之中,感到风对黑荆树的影响是很大的,因此,认识与分析它的风害情况与原因,进而提出它的对策是在推广种植黑荆树期间有着重要意义。     

斯里兰卡橄榄引种试验初报

<正> 斯里兰卡橄榄(Elaeocarpus serratus L.)为杜英科植物。原产斯里兰卡,分布于孟加拉、马来亚一带,现亚热带地区已有栽培。六十年代初引入我国广东、云南、福建等省试种,我所于1964年从海南岛引种,生长良好。具有耐寒性强,适应性广,速生,早产,丰产及果实营养丰富等特点,是一种良好的热带果树及绿化树种。现将我们引种情况作如下报导。     

玉蕊——一种极具开发价值的园林观赏树种

玉蕊是厦门新引进的园林观赏树种。本文介绍其形态特征、生物学特性、引种栽培情况及栽培要点。     

新西兰东木山树木园引种中国树种的观察

１９９２年１月对新西兰东木山树木园引种栽培的近１００种中国原产树种的生长量调查分析表明：引入地与原产地具有相似的气候条件,尤其是从夏雨型环境向冬雨型环境引种树种,是引种成功的主要原因。     

玉蕊—一种极具开发价值的园林观赏树种

玉蕊是厦门新引进的园林观赏树种,本文介绍了其形态特征,生物学特性,引种栽培情况及栽培要点。     

外来树种生态经济综合评价指标体系

日益多样化的树木引种迫切要求对外来树种的生态、经济和文化等多种价值进行综合评价,而建立科学的评价指标体系则是实现这一目标的关键。本文采用4层结构设计,从外来种的适应性、繁殖扩散、危害、观赏和经济价值等方面确定了综合评价的各项指标,并建立了一个多层次外来树种的生态经济综合评价指标体系,采用专家咨询的方法确定各级评价指标的权重,将综合评价结果划分等级且提出相关管理措施和栽培建议,并对北京市城区及其周边地区引种栽培的14种主要外来树种进行了综合评价与分级。结果表明:绒毛白蜡(Fraxinus velutina)、美国白蜡(Faxinus americana)、刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)、火炬树(Rhus typhina)等外来树种较适合在城市园林绿化栽培模式和生态林栽培模式中使用;绒毛白蜡(Fraxinus velutina)、欧美杨(Populus×euramericana)、铅笔柏(Juniperus virginiana)、薄壳山核桃(Carya illinoensis)等外来树种更适合在自然保护栽培模式中使用。     

泰山顶上的野生园林植物资源与利用

山地野生园林植物是发展园林绿化事业的物质基础和种质保存、品种栽培的珍贵资源 ,有着广阔的引种、开发前景。文章分析了泰山顶上的野生园林植物的特点、种类、资源、分布、筛选出 2 0种有重要研究、栽培和开发价值的多功能性树种 ,并就如何进行保护、引种、发展和综合利用提出建议和措施。     

大叶相思引种栽培初步研究

大叶相思引种栽培试验,经五年初步研究,对其生长发育、育苗造林、生态学特性及在福建的适生范围作了调查。对四年生人工林测定,平均生长量为高2.2米/年,胸径2.0厘米/年,生长季日生长量0.79厘米。地上部净生产量52.77吨/公顷,凋落量6.10吨/公顷·年。它是速生高产、耐贫瘠、适应性广的薪炭树种。     

泰山项上的野生园林植物资源与利用

山地野生园林植物是发展园林绿化事业的物质基础和各质保存、品种栽培的珍贵资源,有着广阔的引种、开发前景。文章分析了泰山项上的野生园林植物的特点、种类、资源、分布、筛选出２０种有重要研究、栽培和研发价值的多功能性树种,并就如何进行保护、引种、发展和综合利用提出建议和措施。     

镇沅引种澳洲坚果概述

从中国引种澳洲坚果成为经济市场后,再了解澳洲坚果的绿化价值及其广乏用途后,镇沅要引种试种之前分析该树种的生物学特征、特性,开始进行引种试验。在试种中通过观察、总结经验,采取技术措施并提出推广栽培意见和建议,带动广大群众发展澳洲坚果产业。     

广东8种乡土绿化树种的叶结构型性状研究

为探讨乡土绿化树种对广东边缘热带和南亚热带气候的响应特征,在广州和湛江选取8种共有乡土绿化树种进行叶片结构型性状研究,分析两地间各性状的异同以及相关性状与叶比重(LMA)间的关系。结果表明,叶片鲜重(FW)、叶长、叶宽、平均宽度以及干重(DW)、叶面积和叶片含水率等在两地存在差异,但并未表现出一致的变化规律;尖叶杜英(Elaeocarpus apiculatus)、印度紫檀(Pterocarpus indicus)、大叶紫薇(Lagerstroemia speciosa)和非洲楝(Khaya senegalensis)两地间的比叶面积(SLA)差异极显著(P < 0.001);洋紫荆(Bauhinia variegata)的上、中部叶片厚度(TH),黄葛榕(Ficus virens var. sublanceolata)、大叶紫薇、白兰(Michelia alba)和人面子(Dracontomelon duperreanum)的上部叶片厚度均为广州大于湛江(P < 0.05)。LMA与FW和DW呈显著正相关,与叶片含水率呈显著负相关,而与叶面积、叶平均宽度和宽长比并无显著的线性相关关系。这可能是两地的气候条件相差不大,还不足以使乡土树种的结构型性状产生一致性的适应性变化特征。     

Post-pollination Events in Species of Chorisia (Bombacaceae) and Tabebuia (Bignoniaceae) with Late-acting Self-incompatibility

The neotropical trees Chorisia chodatii, C. speciosa, Tabebuia caraiba and T. ochracea show late-acting self-incompatibility. Accumulated ovule penetrations following self-pollinations were similar to those in crosses. During the six to eight day period following pollination, in both selfed and crossed ovules, a resting zygote with initial development of the endosperm was formed. Up until the time of rejection of the selfed flowers, no cytological malfunctions were evident in the selfed ovules.     

螺旋粉虱在海南的分布与寄主植物种类调查

螺旋粉虱Aleurodicus disperses Russell是新入侵海南的外来有害生物,2006年4月在海南陵水已发现该虫传入。作者于2006年9月至2007年9月对螺旋粉虱在海南的分布与为害情况进行调查。调查结果,显示螺旋粉虱目前已分布至除昌江县和东方市以外的全岛其它15个市县,在吊罗山和尖峰岭保护区的林业局生活区也有分布;调查显示,螺旋粉虱寄主植物达47科120种,其中包括热带果树、蔬菜、热带作物、粮食作物、观赏与园艺作物,印度紫檀、榄仁树、番石榴、番木瓜、木薯、番荔枝、香蕉、茄子、四季豆等作物及美人蕉、飞扬草、野甘草等受害最为严重。对不同寄主植物的受害程度进行了初步划分,并对防控工作进行讨论。     

丝棉木的引种及繁殖

丝棉木(Chorisia speciosa St.)是原产南美洲热带及亚热带地区的木棉科植物。落叶乔木,树干挺拔,树形优美,花期长,花朵大而绚丽,美国、秘鲁等国广泛用于道路及庭园绿化。一般认为只能通过种子繁殖。70年代末至80年代初我国广东和海南地区曾少量试种,表明植株长势及观赏效果甚佳。但一直不能自然结实,因而难     

Dispersal ecology of the maritime plants in the Ryukyu Islands,Japan

The dispersal ecology of seventeen maritime species, which are dominant and/or characteristic species of coastal communities on the Ryukyu Islands, was studied. The species wereCalophyllum inophyllum, Canavalia maritima, Clerodendron inerme, Guettarda speciosa, Hernandia sonora, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Ipomoea gracilis, I. pes-caprae, Messerschmidia argentea, Pandanus odoratissimus, Pongamia pinnata, Scaevola frutescens, Sophora tomentosa, Terminalia catappa, Thespesia populnea, Vigna marina andWedelia biflora. The structure and size of disseminules and their buoyancy and viability in seawater were examined in the laboratory. The disseminules of these seventeen species have morphological characteristics for buoyancy, and tests showed that these species could be dispersed by sea currents. Drift disseminules on the drift line, seedlings on the hightide line, and young plants of woody species in the herb zone were observed, being abundant on the coasts of the Ryukyu Islands. The Kuroshio Current carries these disseminules from islands where these species form part of the tropical coastal vegetation.     

黑斑新小叶蝉在海南为害的首次报道

2009年6月在海南部分地区印度紫檀(Pterocarpus indicus Willd)上首次发现黑斑新小叶蝉Singapora nigropunctata Mahmood暴发,该虫为海南新记录。本文记述了该虫的形态特征,对其在海南的发生为害情况进行了初步调查,并提出了防治意见。     

Structural and biological features of a hydrogel from seed coats of Chorisia speciosa

Seed coats from Chorisia speciosa form a hydrogel on contact with water. When the hydrogel was solubilized and the solution centrifuged, subsequent ethanol precipitation gave a polysaccharide (F-I) composed of rhamnose, galactose and uronic acid in a molar ratio of 25:44:31. Analysis of F-I by HPSEC-MALLS showed a homogenous polymer with high molecular weight. It consisted of a main chain of (1-->4)-linked beta-galactopyranosyl units as indicated by NMR spectral and methylation data analysis, with rhamnose, galactose and glucuronic acid as non-reducing end units. This fraction interfered with adhesion of Colletotrichum graminicola, a causal agent of anthracnose, to polystyrene slides and to leaves of corn, thus delaying infection in the latter.     

Ethnobotanical study and conservation status of trees in the district Sargodha,Punjab, Pakistan

Sargodha district is one of the least studied regions of Pakistan regarding its ethnobotanical values. This paper is the first report related to the documentation and conservation status of the tree species in the Sargodha district, and their folk ethnobotanical uses. An interview base survey was conducted in the study area in 2010-2013. The ethnobotanical data revealed the use of 100 tree species (6 gymnosperms, 94 angiosperms) belonging to 77 genera (6 gymnosperms, 71 angiosperms) and 39 families (4 gymnosperms, 35 angiosperms), with the Fabaceae ranking first with 19 tree species, followed by the Moraceae (12 species). Tree species like Aegle marmelos, Butea monosperma, Diospyrus malabarica, Gmelina arborea, Kigelia africana, Manilkara hexandra, Manilkara zapota, Mimusops elengi, Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Putranjiva roxburghii, Terminalia arjuna and Terminalia bellerica are not only unique in their medicinal value but also interesting because of their unusual occurrence here. Thevetia peruviana, Cassia fistula, Celtis australis, Delonix regia, Diospyrus malabarica, Grevillea robusta, Haplophragma adenophylum, Jacaranda mimosifolia, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Plumeria rubra, Pterospermum acerifolium, Roystonea regia, Taxodium distichum and Tectona grandis are included among the worth looking ornamental tree species. Capparis decidua, Dalbergia sissoo, Tamarix aphylla, Tamarix dioica, Prosopis cineraria and Ziziphus mauritiana are the most commonly used timber species. Other common ethnobotanical utilization of these trees includes either sheltering or fuel or agricultural uses. Lack of awareness about the potential uses of these species, and particularly ignorance of the concerned authorities, have led to a decline in the population of this precious tree flora. Documentation of this tree flora, and as-sociated indigenous knowledge, can be used as a basis for developing management plans for conservation and sustainable use of this flora in the study area. A well-organized management is critical to restore and conserve this endangered natural resource in the District Sargodha, Pakistan. The immense medicinal and timber value of these tree species make it necessary to promote their conservation to simultaneously alleviate the poverty and improve the socio-economic status of the study area.     

福建滨海观赏植物的多样性及园林应用

报道福建滨海观赏植物51科111种(含变种和品种),其中乔木40种,灌木35种,草本植物28种,藤本植物8种,阐述了滨海观赏植物的园林应用,并重点介绍近期可以推广的10种滨海观赏植物。     

Structural aspects of the exudate from the fruit of Chorisia speciosa St. Hil

Mature fruit of Chorisia speciosa yield an exudate (E-I) following mechanical injury. The polysaccharide contains rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid in molar ratios of 20:11:1:3:2:40:23. The main chain of the structure is composed by beta-galactopyranosyl units linked (1 --> 3) and (1 --> 6) as indicated by NMR spectra and methylation data. Arabinosef and rhamnose are terminal residues. In order to compare E-I with the polysaccharides from the fruit mesocarp, the latter was submitted to different extractions. The water fraction contains rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, galactose and uronic acid in molar ratios of 18:4:1:2:3:44:28. It was treated with CTAB yielding a precipitate which was decomplexed with NaCl, giving four fractions. The fraction obtained using 0.15 M NaCl had a quantitative composition similar that of E-I.