公立医院非在编人员工作满意度调查与分析

?????? 目的　通过分析公立医院非在编人员工作满意度影响因素,提出改进建议,以更好地为患者提供优质服务。　方法　满意度问卷调查表采用李克特量表,使用STATA10.0软件进行统计数据分析。　结果　非在编人员工作总体满意度平均得分为（3.66+0.78）分,评价一般。影响满意度的因素有：个人职业期望、科室管理、工作氛围、奖金待遇、学习培训等。　结论　医院应关注非在编员工满意度管理工作,关注不同群体的差异和不同影响因素,有效提高满意度,增强医院的可持续发展力。     

基于对立价值构架的医院文化建设实证研究

??????? 目的 了解医院现有和员工期望的文化类型,找到优势文化,为医院文化建设提供参考。方法 使用组织文化评价量表（OCAI）对山西省某医院230名员工进行问卷调查。结果 文化类型现状得分,团队支持型、创新变革型、市场绩效型和层级规范型依次为30.51、22.55、23.41、23.53分;上述文化类型期望得分依次是32.24、24.80、21.06、21.90分。结论 医院的优势文化为团队支持型和层级规范型,员工期望的优势文化是团队支持型和创新变革型。     

医院员工对医院组织文化认知现状的调查与分析

目的 了解员工对医院组织文化认知现状,并分析相关因素,提出对策措施,为医院今后制定合理有效的医院文化发展战略计划提供依据。方法 采用配额抽样的方法抽取乌鲁木齐市3家医院的743名员工进行问卷调查。结果 制度规范、竞争意识、持续发展和社会责任4个维度的得分最高,授权、组织协调、患者导向和成本控制4个维度的得分最低,职称、工作性质、本院工作年限的职工医院组织文化存在显著差异（P<0.05）。结论 针对存在的问题给出了相应的意见及建议, 如加强社会责任,树立以病人为中心的理念是医院文化建设的共同点;医院管理者应该注意激励员工将医院发展的大目标内化为自身发展的小目标,坚持“病人利益至上”,充分考虑患者的需求并积极听取患者的建议来改进自己的工作;在进行文化建设时要注重对不同岗位的员工群体采取不同的激励方式。     

护士长领导行为和医院护理安全文化相关性研究

目的 旨在探讨护士长的领导行为和医院护理安全文化的关系。方法 采用便利抽样的方法对黑龙江省3所三级甲等中医院的344名护士进行了多元化护士长领导行为、护理安全文化的调查。调查所得数据全部输入SPSS17.0软件进行分析,最后得出结论。结果 护士长领导行为得分最高为领导魅力,其次为被动例外管理、个性化关怀、主动例外管理、感召力、权变奖赏、智能激发。护理安全文化总体稍高于中等水平,其中团队氛围、对工作的满意度、单位安全的氛围、对管理的感受高于中等水平,对压力的认知得分低于中等水平。结论 护士感知的护士长领导行为各维度与护理安全文化各维度之间具有正相关。     

不同工作模式对医务人员职业精神的影响

??????? 目的 探讨不同工作模式下医务人员职业精神表现的差异。方法 以“优质护理服务工程”、产科“一贯制”工作模式和传统工作模式为基础,通过访谈法和问卷调查对护士和医生两个群体进行统计分析。结果 （1）工作模式对医务人员工作积极性变化和员工满意度有显著影响,试点工作模式得分均高于传统模式。（2）护士和医生员工满意度的原因各不相同：护士偏重工作本身方面,包括工作条件改善、工作内容多样和工作自主性增强;医生偏重自身发展方面,包括医院政策、晋升机会和绩效分配的合理性。（3）工作模式对医务人员工作敬业度和工作倦怠影响不显著,但是对工作敬业度中个别条目影响显著,并且护士和医生各不相同。结论 社会各界应重视医改中工作模式变化对医务人员职业精神产生的影响。     

护士组织职业生涯管理对工作满意度影响的调查

目的 探讨医院实施组织职业生涯管理对护士工作满意度的影响。方法 随机选取我市3所已实施护士组织职业生涯管理的医院中80名护士进行调查分析,比较实施护士组织职业生涯管理的效果以及管理后护士工作满意度改善情况。结果 实验组护士的晋升公平评分、注重培训评分、提供职业信息、促进职业自我发展及总评分均显著高于对照组,差异具有有统计学意义(P＜0.05);实验组护士内在满意度评分、外在满意度评分及总满意度评分均显著高于对照组,差异具有有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 实施护士组织职业生涯管理能有效提高护士的工作满意度,有利于促进护士的职业生涯发展及提高护理管理质量。     

2 170例门诊患者满意度调查与分析

目的 开展北京市某区医疗机构门诊患者满意度调查,为行政主管部门提供决策依据。方法 对2 170例门诊患者进行现场问卷调查,并对调查结果进行统计学描述、相关分析及多元线性回归分析。结果 2170例门诊患者满意度得分为82.48分。得分较高的维度是：医院总体评价、医护人员;得分较低的维度是：治疗效果与收费、口碑与形象、服务窗口与服务可及性。年龄、户口、文化程度与慢性病情况都是显著影响因素。治疗效果、医院口碑、医生服务态度等14个因素对总体评价有显著影响。结论 应强化医护人员与服务窗口人文培训,提高收费透明度,加强医院硬件设施建设,缩短患者候诊时间,提升患者满意度水平。     

医务人员特质情绪智力与工作满意度相关关系的研究

目的 研究医务人员特质情绪智力与工作满意度的相关关系,以影响工作满意度的个人心理因素为出发点,探索提高医务人员工作满意度的新途径。方法 使用特质情绪智力问卷及工作满意度问卷对北京市536名医务人员实施测评,并进行相关分析。结果 医务人员特质情绪智力各剖面得分显著低于英国常模;特质情绪智力的各剖面与管理者、同事满意、工作本身、交际、工作满意度总分间存在不同程度的正相关。结论 有必要对医务人员进行有针对性的情绪智力培养,这将有利于提高工作满意度。

     

县级医院医务人员稳定性与影响因素实证研究

目的 分析县级医院医务人员的稳定性以及影响因素,以促进县级医院人才队伍的稳定性建设。方法 通过对我国4个省12家县级医院的在职医务人员进行现场调查,运用描述性与卡方检验的方法进行统计学分析。结果 有51.9%的县级医院医务人员都表示曾经想过离开本单位,而且高层次人才具有较高的离职倾向。工作条件中的业务活动经费不足和加班太多,以及工作困扰中的没有合作团队、工作不受重视和人际关系不和谐会显著影响县级医院医务人员的稳定性。结论 通过各种途径稳定人才队伍是县级医院得到长效发展的关键。     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.     

2018年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2018年中国植物科学继续呈现快速发展的态势, 我国科学家在国际植物科学主流学术刊物发表论文数量大幅增加, 取得了多项具有重要影响的成果。调控植物生长-代谢平衡实现可持续农业发展入选2018年度中国科学十大进展; 中国被子植物区系进化历史研究入选2018年度中国生命科学十大进展。以水稻为代表的农作物和果蔬等经济作物研究在国际上已呈现出明显的优势, 若干领域已从“追赶”状态跨越到“领跑”地位。该文对2018年中国科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和热点, 展示中国科学家所取得的杰出成就。