水翁花蕾和水翁叶精油的化学成分研究

水翁的花营和鲜叶经水蒸汽蒸馏得到一种淡黄色的精油,前者出油率为0.18％。后者为0.08％。我们应用毛细管气相色谱,气相色谱/质谱联用,红外光谱和紫外光谱等方法,对两种精油进行化学分成分析,分别鉴定出35个和27个已知化学成分。两者相同的化学成分有:β-罗勒烯(Z)、β-罗勒烯(E)、α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、月桂烯、小茴香烯、香叶醇、顺式-丁香烯、橙花叔醇等23个化学成分,分别占花营精油全油的90％和叶精油95％以上。     

中草药“一口钟”的原植物鉴定及其精油的化学成分

云南,四川等省市售的中草药“一口钟”为蓝桉(Eucalyptus globulus Labill.)的果实.用气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用技术、标准品迭加和毛细管保留指数定性法,对其精油的化学成分进行分析.从分离的65个成分中,鉴定出36个成分,其含量占总组成的93.80％,主要成分是别香树烯(23.37％),1.8-桉叶油素(20.81％)、金合欢醇(9.95％)、α-水芹烯(8.30％)、δ-愈创木烯(5.95％)、δ-蒎烯(4.09％)、β-水芹烯(3.43％)、α-愈创木烯(3.15％)等.     

HYMENAEA和COPAIFERA幼树叶内倍半萜类化合物昼夜和季节性变化

运用气相色谱对在温室栽培的Hymenaea courbaril和Copaifera officinalis及C. pubiflora幼树叶内倍半萜类化合物昼夜和季节性变化进行了分析测定。Hymenaea和Copaifera这二个属植物叶内具有基本相同的一组倍半萜类化合物,对认为具有生态意义的它的主要成分:石竹烯(caryophyllene),α,β-瑟林烯(selinene)和树脂含量进行了分析统计。在三个季节和昼夜的资料中,这二个属植物的石竹烯、α,β-瑟林烯和树脂含量昼夜变化是很小的,而在植株间(遗传型)和不同的季节里它们有明显而有意义的变化。     

粘叶莸精油化学成分的研究

用气相色谱保留指数定性法,色谱-质谱-计算机联用实验和标准品迭加法分析了粘叶莸 (Caryopteris glutinosa) 精油的化学成分,从分离出的76个色谱峰中鉴定出30个化合物,并测定了它们的相对含量,其主要成分为β-蒎烯(52.630％)、柠檬烯(15.030％、α-蒎烯(13.810％),香叶烯(2.890％)、红没药烯(2.419％)、α- 烯 (1.074％) 和香桧烯 (1.010％)。     

香榧树叶精油成分与化学分类

作者曾经证明香榧叶中具有特征成分榧黄素(kayaflavone)。最近,又从香榧叶中分得一 个新的二萜特征成分香榧酯(torreyagrandate),为了获得更多的特征成分,我们自榧树叶中共鉴 定出26个精油成分。从组成比看,其特点是苧烯占优势(44．24％),其次为 α-蒎烯(20．75％),再次为δ-3-蒈烯(4％)。叶中所含的榧烯醇(torreyol)为特征成分。     

四川米易逸生植物毛叶丁香罗勒精油化学成分研究

用气相色谱保留指数定性法,气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用技术和标准品叠加法研究了米易县的逸生植物——毛叶丁香罗勒(Ocimum gratissimum L.var.suvae Willd)的精油化学成分。从分离出的53个色谱峰鉴定出21个化合物.主要成分是丁香酚(84.500％)、顺-罗勒烯(4.567％)、顺-石竹烯(1.516％),α-依兰油烯(2.457％)。已鉴定成分相对含量占全油的96.641％.此精油的丁香酚含量明显高于其它地区栽培的同种植物.     

大花甘松(Nardostachys grandiflora DC.)和中华甘松(N.chinensis Batalin)的精油成分及其在香料上的应用研究

本文报道滇产大花甘松和蜀产中华甘松精油的化学成分。利用气相色谱、光谱数据、化学降解和衍生物的制备,从大花甘松精油中鉴定了五种成分:甘松醇(Ⅰ)(69.4％),△~(9,10)-马兜铃烯(Ⅶ)(0.2％),△~(1,10)-马兜铃烯(Ⅷ)(2％),β-橄榄烯(Ⅸ)(2.9％)和1,2,9,10-四去氢马兜铃烯(Ⅳ)(2.9％)。中华甘松精油中上述五种成分的含量分别为:Ⅰ(8％),Ⅶ(2.1％),Ⅷ(8.6％),Ⅸ(32.8％),Ⅳ(13.1％)。根据植物的形态、地理分布和精油中马兜铃烷型倍半萜化合物的含量和转换关系看来,甘松香属几种植物中似乎可认为大花甘松为其原始种,并由大花甘松进化到中华甘松和匙叶甘松。 甘松酯(Ⅵ)具浓郁持久的木香香气,甘松酮(Ⅲ)具独特的檀香香气和能与玫瑰、铃兰协调的特点。该二化合物特别适于调制檀香型、玫瑰檀香型和馥奇型等香精,并具有良好的定香作用,是一类有价值的香料。     

楠木种皮精油化学成分的研究

本文报导了用毛细管气相色谱-质谱计算机联用技术、毛细管气相色谱保留指数法和标准品叠加法分析楠木种皮精油的化学成分,从分离出来的60个峰中,初步鉴定出30个成分,并测定了其相对含量,其主要成分是α-水芹烯(38.81％)、α-萜品油烯(12.03％),β-水芹烯(12.34％)等。     

硬毛地笋挥发性成分研究

采用固相微萃取/气相色谱/质谱法对硬毛地笋地上部分挥发油成分进行分离和鉴定。首次从硬毛地笋地上部分中鉴定出了20个化合物,占总挥发性成分的98.68%。主要挥发性成分为石竹烯(30.87%)、(–)-α-人参烯(11.56%)、佛术烯(9.38%)、Z,Z,Z-1,5,9,9-四甲基-1,4,7,-环十一碳三烯(9.10%)、2-异丙基甲苯(5.65%)、大牛儿烯D(4.34%)、D-柠檬烯(3.95%)和γ-瑟林烯(3.79%)。     

少官桂精油化学成分的研究

用毛细管气相色谱—质谱—计算机联用技术,毛细管气相色谱和标准品叠加法分析了少官桂(Neocinnamomum delauayi(H.Lec.)Liou)叶精油的化学成分。从分离出的67个色谱峰中鉴定出了41个成分。其中主要成分是樟脑(41.006％),a-蒎烯(6.975％),茨烯(6.967％),β-蒎烯(2.854％),月桂烯(2.494％),柠檬烯(5.064％),乙酸冰片酯(5.404％)和顺式石竹烯(6.613％)。分析结果表明,少官桂叶精油用来生产樟脑是有价值的。     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Characterization of the composition of the aqueous humor and the vitreous body of the eye of the frog Rana temporaria L

This study aimed to analyze the aqueous humor (AH) and the vitreous body (VB) of the eye of the adult frog Rana temporaria L. as a representative species of amphibians, which lead a semi-terrestrial life. The presence of collagen, albumin, uric acid and electron donors was shown in both media; however, there are slight differences in their concentrations. To determine collagen, a spectral-fluorescent probe, cyanine dye, was used. The presence of collagen in AH of the frog was found at the first time. The total content of electron donors (ascorbic and uric acids, tryptophan, and tyrosine) in VB and HA was roughly estimated at ~ 1.5 × 10^− 4 mol/L. Both VB and AH absorb light in similar UV regions. The total protein and albumin contents in AH were found to be somewhat higher than those in VB. The uric acid content was at an equally low level in both intraocular media. It is supposed that the similarity of VB and AH compositions shown in this work is due to some exchange between VB and AH contents in the course of accommodation. The role of intraocular fluids in physiological functions of the eye and in protecting the retina against UV light is discussed.