武夷山区产鸟类模式种和亚种 记述及其资源概况

武夷山是中国东南陆域生物多样性保护的关键地区之一。检索《中国动物志·鸟纲》和《中国鸟类分布名录》(2版),记录有模式种(亚种)产地为武夷山及其邻近区域的鸟类模式种11种,包括单型种5种,即黑眉柳莺(Phylloscopusricketti)、棕噪鹛(Garrulaxberthemyi)、白喉林鹟(Cyornis brunneatus)、棕腹大仙鹟(Niltavadavidi)和蓝鹀(Emberizasiemsseni),以及指名亚种6种,即白眉山鹧鸪(Arboricolagingicagingica)、黄腹角雉(Tragopancaboticaboti)、白斑尾柳莺(Phylloscopus ogilviegranti ogilviegranti)、短尾鸦雀(Neosuthora davidiana davidiana)、华南斑胸钩嘴鹛(Erythrogenys swinhoeiswinhoei)和红尾噪鹛(Trochalopteronmilneimilnei),另有其他亚种31种。其中,产地记录为"挂墩"和"武夷山"31种(亚种),记录为"邵武"和"光泽"2种(亚种),记录为"福建西北部"和"南平或野猫坑"9种(亚种)。在近80年的武夷山区鸟类调查中,这些鸟类模式种(亚种)记录情况分别为:1938至1963年郑作新等记录28种,2004至2011年程松林等记录40种,而红尾噪鹛(Trochalopteron milnei milnei)和蓝鹀(Emberiza siemsseni)在前述两部分调查中均没有记录。依据程松林等调查记录的40鸟种进一步分析,其中,留鸟26种、夏候鸟10种、冬候鸟3种、旅鸟1种;常见7种、易见19种、少见12种、罕见2种。分析结果表明,模式种(亚种)产地为武夷山及其邻近区域的40种鸟类,作为宝贵的地模标本资源,在江西武夷山国家级自然保护区内得到了较好的保护,对我国鸟类分类与区系分布、鸟类生物地理学和保护遗传学等方面的研究具有重要意义。     

西藏墨脱地区6种鸟类种和亚种的新分布记录

2018年10月至2021年10月,在西藏墨脱县开展鸟类多样性调查期间记录到6种鸟类新分布,分别是大蓝仙鹟 (Cyornis magnirostris)、黄嘴角鸮 (Otus spilocephalus)、金胸雀鹛指名亚种 (Lioparus chrysotis chrysotis)、细嘴钩嘴鹛Sintextus亚种 (Pomatorhinus superciliaris intextus)、白喉姬鹟指名亚种 (Anthipes monileger monileger)、棕胸雅鹛assamense亚种 (Trichastoma tickelli assamense)。     

贵州宽阔水赤尾噪鹛繁殖巢记述

赤尾噪鹛(Garndax milnei)是全球性近危鸟类,在中国分布于云南、广西、贵州及福建武夷山海拔1 000～2 400 m的山区,结群栖息在常绿林的稠密林下植被及竹丛(马敬能等.中国鸟类野外手册).有关繁殖资料未见有报道.     

红头噪鹛一新亚种描记(雀形目:(翁鸟)科:画眉亚科)

红头噪鹛(Garrulax erythrocephalus)全世界有14个亚种,中国有5个亚种,云南原记录有3个亚种.采自云南近中部哀牢山脉景东、双柏、新平等县境内的红头噪鹛7号成鸟标本与记录的各亚种有显著区别,并且有一定范围的地理分布区域.因而鉴定为一新亚种,命名为红头噪鹛哀牢山亚种(Garrulax erythrocephalus ailaoshanensis).     

宁夏鸟类新纪录——斑背噪鹛

正在采用红外相机对宁夏回族自治区泾源县六盘山国家级自然保护区的脊椎动物进行监测时,安放的10台红外相机拍摄到1种噪鹛影像资料(图1)。经查阅《中国鸟类野外手册》(约翰·马敬能等,2000)和《中国鸟类图鉴》(赵欣如,2018),确认为雀形目Passeriformes噪鹛科Leiothrichidae噪鹛属Garrulax的斑背噪鹛Garrulax lunulatus(郑光美,2017; del Hoyo et al.,2018)。根据拍摄的照片和视频,斑背噪鹛的眼先、颊部及眼周白色形成一宽的白色眼圈,在头部极为醒目;额至头顶、颏部及喉部     

红头噪鹛一新亚种描记（雀形目：Weng科：画眉亚科）

红头噪鹛（Garrulax erythrocephalus)全世界有14个亚种,中国有5个亚种,云南原记录有3个亚种。采自云南近中部哀牢山脉景东、双柏、新平等县境内的红头噪鹛7号成鸟标本与记录的各亚种有显著区别,并且有一定范围的地理分布区域。因而鉴定为一新亚种,命名为红头噪鹛哀牢山亚种（Garrulax erythrocephalus ailaoshanensis)。     

婺源靛冠噪鹛生物学初探

靛冠噪鹛(Garrulax courtoisi),由原黄喉噪鹛(Garrulax galbanus)[复又被]剥离出来的一独立鸟种并由此而为中国南方之特有种,具两个地理上相互分离/分立的亚种,其指名亚种于中国东南、亚种simaoensis于中国西南;因其对繁殖生境之狭选性且群体数量之稀缺而被列为极危物种(CR)。十余年来野外调查结果表明,其指名亚种于繁殖季节几乎仅见于江西婺源,营巢于低地村落乡镇的林木间,为典型合作繁殖鸟种。统计结果显示,在婺源靛冠噪鹛各繁殖群体中,其每年的营巢数量从未超过该群体中个体数的1/3,接近1/3已是很好年景;若首批卵和/或雏鸟遭天敌捕杀,二次所筑之巢的数目则充其量不及该群体中个体数的1/5,且二次筑巢通常在首批卵和/或雏鸟遭捕杀后月余方才开始;野外未见婺源靛冠噪鹛在一年之内有第三次筑巢的现象。若以成鸟引领当年幼鸟离开其繁殖地即视其繁殖期成功结束,则从未记录到当年幼鸟的数量有达到该繁殖群成鸟数量1/4的例子,能够接近或达到1/5已属上乘;作为另一方面,婺源靛冠噪鹛的某个或某几个繁殖群由于巢卵遭捕食而在个别年份中无幼鸟问世却并不罕见。目前已能确定婺源靛冠噪鹛有9个繁殖群体,个体总量逾300只,且在过去的5年中其数量略呈增长趋势。另外,尽管10余年来野外找寻simaoensis亚种的努力从未间断,但无论在已知原产地并周边地带却一直未能[再]发现该亚种。     

画眉的一新亚种—孟连亚种

画眉(Garrulax canorus (Linnaeus))是我国噪鹛属中分布较广的一种,笔者在最近工作中,发现云南无量山以西的画眉与大陆原录的指名亚种不同,认为是一新亚种。 孟连亚种Garrulax canorus mengliensis,新亚种 正模标本:雄性成鸟(采集号620672)于1962年12月11日采自云南南部孟连(海拔940米)。 配模标本:雌性成鸟(采集号587)于1960年1月17日采自云南西双版纳勐腊县易武(海拔900米)。     

四川勿角自然保护区野生鸟兽的红外相机初步监测

野生动物资源的本底调查是自然保护区科研监测的基本任务之一。2014年1月—2018年9月,采用红外相机调查四川勿角自然保护区内的兽类和鸟类多样性,共布设39个不同相机监测位点(26个公里网格),累计3 039个相机捕获日,共获得照片2 162张,视频774段,独立有效记录723条,共鉴定出兽类4目11科19种和鸟类3目8科21种,其中,国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物4种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物11种,被世界自然保护联盟红色名录列为易危(VU)6种和近危(NT)2种。相对丰富度指数最高的前7种野生动物依次为血雉Ithaginis cruentus(8.93)、毛冠鹿Elaphodus cephalophus(5.13)、红腹角雉Tragopan temminckii(4.11)、隐纹花松鼠Tamiops swinhoei(1.50)、橙翅噪鹛Trochalopteron elliotii(1.42)、中华鬣羚Capricornis milneedwardsii(0.87)、花面狸Paguma larvata(0.87)。调查中记录到的黄腹鼬Mustela kathiah、小麂Muntiacus reevesi 2种兽类和灰树鹊Dendrocitta formosae、斑背噪鹛Garrulax lunulatus、金色林鸲Tarsiger chrysaeus、栗腹歌鸲Larvivora brunnea、虎斑地鸫Zoothera aurea、宝兴歌鸫Turdus mupinensis、灰头鸫Turdus rubrocanus 7种鸟类为保护区新记录。本研究获得的兽类和鸟类数据将是保护区生物多样性本底数据的有效补充,通过红外相机持续监测获得的资料有利于保护区的长期监测和保护管理。     

基于红外相机监测四川白水河国家级自然保护区林下鸟兽多样性及其变化

2012年7月—2019年12月,利用红外相机对四川白水河国家级自然保护区中林下鸟兽物种开展持续监测,共设置红外相机150台,共计82个有效监测位点,31 439个有效相机日,获得33 579张照片和13 712段视频,独立有效记录2 052次,识别4目12科19种兽类,4目8科23种鸟类,包括国家一级重点保护兽类4种、鸟类1种,国家二级重点保护兽类7种、鸟类7种,IUCN红色名录濒危(EN)物种2种,易危(VU)物种7种,近危(NT)物种2种。中国豪猪Hystrix hodgsoni、黑顶噪鹛Trochalopteron affine、红翅噪鹛Trochalopteron formosum、长尾地鸫Zoothera dixoni、灰翅鸫Turdus boulboul和白眉鸫Turdus obscurus为保护区新记录。藏酋猴Macaca thibetana、中华斑羚Naemorhedus griseus、毛冠鹿Elaphodus cephalophus、黄鼬Mustela sibirica、红腹角雉Tragopan temminckii、血雉Ithaginis cruentus和四川...     

Garrulax milnei milnei,a taxon little known in Chinese ornithology

As early as 1874,the French scientist Père A.David introduced to science a new bird species,Trochalopteron milnei,described as:"Ressemblant au T.formosum du Setchouan,mais ayant le dessus de la tête couleur de cannelle ou d’amadou,et la région parotique blanche"(David,1874).The bird skin that Père David collected,and so far deposited in Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris,was from"Koaten of W Fo-kien",in the current Chinese romanization system,Koaten is spelt as Guadun and Fo-kien spelt as Fujian.Then,spelling of the specific name of the bird was given as"milni"by David(1875),David and Oustalet(1877),and La Touche(1899,1925–1930).The bird is now usually known as Garrulax milnei milnei.However,Collar and Robson(2007)resurrected the genus Trochalopteron,and this is also being supported by Luo et al.(2009)as well as by Dickinson and Christidis(2014),but Bird Life still uses Garrulax(Bird Life,2015).     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.