白粉病菌诱导的小麦表达序列标签(EST)研究

白粉病是我国小麦的主要病害之一.尝试用表达序列标签(expressed sequence tags, EST)技术,研究了经白粉病菌诱导后的小麦基因表达.从构建的普通cDNA文库中随机挑取约1 500个阳性克隆并进行测序, 获不重复ESTs序列387条.不重复序列均获GenBank的存储号.其中49.4%的序列与已知基因同源,196条序列功能未知, 84条序列为新ESTs.将不重复序列制备成高密度点阵膜,用差示杂交法筛选到几个抗病相关序列.     

白粉病菌诱导的小麦表达序列标签（EST）研究

白粉病是我国小麦的主要病害之一,尝试用表达序列标签（expressed sequence tage,EST）技术,研究了经白粉病菌诱导后的小麦基因表达。从构建的普通cDNA库中随机挑取约1500个阳性克隆并进行测序,获不重复ESTs序列387条,不重复序列均获GenBank的存储号,其中49.4%的序列与已知基因同源,196条序列功能未知,84条序列为新ESTs。将不重复序列制备成高密度点阵膜,用差示杂交法筛选到几个抗病相关序列。     

黄瓜抗黑星病相关基因的差异表达分析

以抗黑星病黄瓜材料HX1为试材,接种黑星病菌（Cladosporium cucumerinum）2h、8h、20h、32h和72h的叶片作为试验方（Tester）,相应的未接种叶片作为对照方（Driver）,利用SSH技术,构建了黑星病菌侵染初期的正向和反向cDNA-SSH文库。用巢式引物PCR检测插入片段,获得了200个阳性克隆,通过测序,除去重复序列,共得到105个Unique ESTs。与非冗余蛋白数据库进行BLASTx比对,结果显示,17条ESTs未找到同源序列,88条非重复序列和已知基因的同源性较高,占全部ESTs序列的83.8%,其中86条ESTs与非冗余蛋白数据库已知功能的蛋白具有高度的相似性。结合高密度点阵膜杂交差异筛选,阳性率为75.0%。经初步分析这些序列的功能,差异表达的ESTs功能涉及能量和基础代谢、信号转导、蛋白和核酸代谢、光合作用及逆境中特异表达的基因等方面。为研究黄瓜抗黑星病基因提供了依据。     

小麦抗白粉病侵染初期的表达序列标签分析

以抗白粉病品系“百农 32 17×Mardler”　BC5F4为材料 ,构建了一个白粉病菌接种初期的抑制消减杂交cDNA文库 ,测序获得 76 0条ESTs。与GenBank序列进行BLASTx分析 ,获功能已知ESTs 2 71条。通过分析抗病相关基因 ,推测G蛋白介导的信号传导途径、SA信号传递系统、MAP相关信号传递系统等参与了小麦抗白粉病过程。SAR基因在抗病相关ESTs中的种类与数量最多。数据显示苯丙烷代谢途径、细胞壁结构修饰作用、细胞保卫机制参与了抗病过程。未知功能ESTs与GenBank序列进行BLASTn分析 ,其中许多与病原菌、非病原菌诱导cDNA文库来源的ESTs同源 ;新ESTs占全部ESTs的 16 6 %。     

小麦种子基因的表达序列标签分析(英文)

以授粉后12d的小麦(TriticumaestivumL.)种子为材料,构建起cDNA文库。从中随机挑选10000个克隆,利用Biomek2000核酸工作站制成高密度cDNA阵列。然后分别以未受精子房、胚和胚乳中提取的RNA为模板,反转录合成探针与膜杂交,进行差示筛选。根据筛选结果,选取800个在胚、胚乳或胚和胚乳中表达的克隆进行表达序列标签(EST)分析,鉴定出216个不同的基因序列。其中24个ESTs属于已知的小麦基因;122个ESTs为推测的小麦新基因,它们编码的产物与种子贮藏蛋白或与生化代谢、发育等其他的生物学过程有关;70个ESTs的序列特征尚未确定。本研究为研究种子发育和小麦品质改良等提供了基础资料。     

烟草ESTs资源的SSR信息分析

烟草ESTs数量迅速增加为开发新的SSR标记提供了宝贵的资源.经过软件分析,对242 683条烟草ESTs序列剔除冗余序列,在211 728条非冗余烟草ESTs序列中,共检索出9 339个SSR,SSR之间的距离约为14.21 kb,检出率为4.41%,包括216种重复基元.其中三核苷酸重复类型的SSR占主导地位,占总SSR的50.34%,其次为二核苷酸和单核苷酸,分别为23.00%,16.48%,其余重复类型所占比例均不足5%.在所有重复基元中,A/T重复为主要类型,占所有重复14.68%,其次为AT/TA、AG/TC、AAG/TTC,分别为10.49%、9.48%、6.85%.随机设计10对EST-SSR引物,对6个品种烟草进行扩增,10对EST-SSR引物均能扩增出产物,其中1对引物在6个品种有多态性.本研究为烟草EST-SSR标记的建立和进一步应用奠定了基础.     

日本七鳃鳗(Lampetra japonica)肝脏ESTs 分析与比较转录组研究

以日本七鳃鳗(Lampetra japonica)肝脏为材料构建cDNA文库, 在文库中随机挑选克隆子进行测序共得到10077条有效ESTs(expressed sequence tags)序列. ESTs序列分析显示, 8515条ESTs拼成648条片段重叠群, 共得到2210条转录本, 其中47.06%的转录本预测为全长序列; 利用BLAST程序在GenBank数据库中进行同源性搜索发现2053条转录本有同源序列匹配, 占总转录本的92.9%. 更进一步对这些基因产物进行Gene Ontology注释, 结果发现, 在日本七鳃鳗肝脏中与有颌类免疫、凝血和代谢相关的基因大量表达, 并预测了8个新基因. 通过对日本七鳃鳗与底鳉(Fundulus heteroclitus)、鼠(Mus musculus)、牛(Bos taurus)和人(Homo sapiens)肝脏转录组的比较分析, 发现日本七鳃鳗肝脏中比其他物种优势表达的是甲壳质酶和多糖代谢等相关的基因, 这些基因可能在日本七鳃鳗免疫中发挥重要作用. 此外, 也利用TargetScan软件对日本七鳃鳗肝脏转录组中3′UTR区进行microRNA靶标识别, 结果发现了与人类癌症基因调控同源的microRNA靶标, 这为研究人类癌症提供了有益的线索. 上述结果将为七鳃鳗功能基因和蛋白组学的研究以及脊椎动物的基因组进化提供重要的理论基础.     

日本七鳃鳗(Lampetra japonica)肝脏ESTs 分析与比较转录组研究

以日本七鳃鳗(Lampetra japonica)肝脏为材料构建cDNA文库, 在文库中随机挑选克隆子进行测序共得到10077条有效ESTs(expressed sequence tags)序列. ESTs序列分析显示, 8515条ESTs拼成648条片段重叠群, 共得到2210条转录本, 其中47.06%的转录本预测为全长序列; 利用BLAST程序在GenBank数据库中进行同源性搜索发现2053条转录本有同源序列匹配, 占总转录本的92.9%. 更进一步对这些基因产物进行Gene Ontology注释, 结果发现, 在日本七鳃鳗肝脏中与有颌类免疫、凝血和代谢相关的基因大量表达, 并预测了8个新基因. 通过对日本七鳃鳗与底鳉(Fundulus heteroclitus)、鼠(Mus musculus)、牛(Bos taurus)和人(Homo sapiens)肝脏转录组的比较分析, 发现日本七鳃鳗肝脏中比其他物种优势表达的是甲壳质酶和多糖代谢等相关的基因, 这些基因可能在日本七鳃鳗免疫中发挥重要作用. 此外, 也利用TargetScan软件对日本七鳃鳗肝脏转录组中3′UTR区进行microRNA靶标识别, 结果发现了与人类癌症基因调控同源的microRNA靶标, 这为研究人类癌症提供了有益的线索. 上述结果将为七鳃鳗功能基因和蛋白组学的研究以及脊椎动物的基因组进化提供重要的理论基础.     

褐飞虱EST资源的微卫星信息分析

表达序列标签（expressed sequence tags,ESTs）是开发微卫星标记的一个重要的资源。褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens （Stål） EST序列的公布为开发EST-SSRs提供了宝贵的数据资源,本研究利用生物信息学对NCBI公共数据库中的37 398条褐飞虱ESTs序列进行EST-SSRs特征分析,得到全长为7 619 324 kb的无冗余EST 9 852条。按照3个不同的查找标准在这些序列中搜索SSR。查找结果显示：褐飞虱EST-SSRs主要重复基元以1～3碱基为主,占总EST-SSR的95％以上。在单碱基重复基元中,A/T是占优势的重复基元,在二相重复类型中,AG/CT重复基元出现的频率最多,而AAG/CTT是三相重复中占绝对优势的重复基元。在褐飞虱EST-SSRs中未查找到GC重复基元。以100 bp为参照,在3种查找标准下含有SSR的EST序列中两端侧翼序列均≥100 bp的序列分别为738,89和42个。通过分析褐飞虱EST-SSRs标记可以为褐飞虱和近缘种的SSR标记的开发提供信息,同时通过分析褐飞虱EST-SSRs的分布频率和分布特征可以为昆虫EST-SSRs的研究提供借鉴和参考。     

日本通草蛉cDNA文库构建及部分ESTs分析

本研究以日本通草蛉Chrysoperla nipponensis (Okamoto)为材料,采用Oligo(dT)引物定向克隆构建cDNA文库并进行EST序列测定,旨在以基因库的形式进行种质资源的保存,为其遗传改良奠定基础,并为探讨其分类地位提供分子依据。对该文库质量分析表明：库容量为1.0×10⁶,重组率为80.0％,平均插入片段为512 bp。测序后最终成功得到323条表达序列标签（expressed sequence tags,ESTs）序列,经Phrap程序聚类拼接后得到236条单基因簇（unigene）,包括86个重叠群（congtigs）和150个单拷贝（singlets）。使用NCBI中的BlastN和BlastX程序对236条ESTs进行本地化搜索,BlastN的结果表明：180条ESTs（76.3%）没有注解,56条ESTs（23.7%）与GenBank上公布的序列有较高的同源性,其中一条序列被确定为该种的16S rRNA基因,利用MEGA软件构建了基于该16S rRNA序列草蛉科的系统发育树,结果显示通草蛉属Chrysoperla与叉草蛉属Dichochrysa、玛草蛉属Mallada、草蛉属Chrysopa的亲缘关系比较近,这与传统分类相吻合。BlastX的比对结果为197条ESTs（83.5%）有功能注解,39条ESTs（16.5%）无注解或score值小于100。使用GO(gene ontology)数据库对236条ESTs序列进行功能注释,结果表明：142条ESTs（59.7％）有注解,并表达出40多种基因产物。     

Analysis of messages expressed by Echinostoma paraensei miracidia and sporocysts, obtained by random EST sequencing

A lambdaZAP Express cDNA library was constructed with mRNA obtained from immature miracidia within eggs, hatched miracidia, and sporocysts of Echinostoma paraensei. This cDNA library was amplified and 213 expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences (averaging 466 nucleotides in length) were obtained. The mean percentage of unresolved bases within the EST sequences was 0.4%, ranging from 0 to 4.6%. The 213 ESTs represent 151 unique messages. BLAST (version 2.0.8) analysis disclosed that 64 unique E. paraensei messages (42.4%) had significant similarities (BLAST score < or =e-5), at deduced amino acid or nucleotide levels, with known sequences in the nonredundant GenBank databases or the dbEST database (NCBI). The remainder, 57.6% of the unique EST-encoded messages, scored nonsignificant hits. Most of the E. paraensei messages that could be assigned a cellular role based on sequence similarities were involved in gene/protein expression. Several ESTs scored highest similarities with sequences obtained from trematode species. A total of 22,560 nucleotides present in open reading frames from ESTs that aligned with known sequences was used to determine codon usage for E. paraensei. Analysis of a subset of eight ESTs that contained full-length open reading frames did not reveal a bias in codon usage. Also, EST sequences were found to contain 3' untranslated regions with an average length of 69.9 +/- 88.4 nucleotides (n = 46). The EST sequences were submitted to GenBank/dbEST, adding to the 51 available Echinostoma-derived sequences, to provide reference information for both phylogenetic analysis and study of general trematode biology.     

Identification and analysis of expressed sequence tags present in xylem tissues of kelampayan (Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser)

The large-scale genomic resource for kelampayan was generated from a developing xylem cDNA library. A total of 6,622 high quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were generated through high-throughput 5’ EST sequencing of cDNA clones. The ESTs were analyzed and assembled to generate 4,728 xylogenesis unigenes distributed in 2,100 contigs and 2,628 singletons. About 59.3 % of the ESTs were assigned with putative identifications whereas 40.7 % of the sequences showed no significant similarity to any sequences in GenBank. Interestingly, most genes involved in lignin biosynthesis and several other cell wall biosynthesis genes were identified in the kelampayan EST database. The identified genes in this study will be candidates for functional genomics and association genetic studies in kelampayan aiming at the production of high value forests.     

Analysis of expressed sequence tags from grapevine flower and fruit and development of simple sequence repeat markers

A total of 6,230 EST sequences were produced from 7,561 clones in a cDNA library generated from grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Summer Black’) flower and fruit tissues in this study. After cluster and assembly analysis of the datasets, 3,582 unigenes (GenBank accession numbers GW836604–GW840185) were established, among which 381 were new grapevine EST sequences. Out of the 381 new ESTs, 289 could be mapped on the 19 grapevine chromosomes. 913 unique ESTs with known or putative functions were assigned to 11 putative cellular roles. 540 potentially workable grapevine EST-SSRs were developed from 3,582 unigenes and about 42.6% of these unigenes were identified as true-to-type SSR loci and could amplify polymorphic bands from 22 individual plants of V. vinifera L, indicating that grapevine EST datasets are a valuable source for the development of functional simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers.     

Expressed sequence tag analysis of Eimeria-stimulated intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes in chickens

Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) play a critical role in protective immune response to intestinal pathogens such as Eimeria, the etiologic agent of avian coccidiosis. A list of genes expressed by intestinal IELs of Eimeria-infected chickens was compiled using the expressed sequence tag (EST) strategy. The 14,409 ESTs consisted of 1851 clusters and 7595 singletons, which revealed 9446 unique genes in the data set. Comparison of the sequence data with chicken DNA sequences in GenBank identified 125 novel clones. This EST library will provide a valuable resource for profiling global gene expression in normal and pathogen-infected chickens and identifying additional unique immune-related genes.     

Transcriptome generation and analysis from spleen of Indian catfish, Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758) through normalized cDNA library

Catfishes are commercially important fish for both the fisheries and aquaculture industry. Clarias batrachus, an Indian catfish species is economically important owing to its high demand. A normalized cDNA library was constructed from spleen of the Indian catfish to identify genes associated with immune function. One thousand nine hundred thirty seven ESTs were submitted to the GenBank with an average read length of approximately 700 bp. Clustering analysis of ESTs yielded 1,698 unique sequences, including 184 contigs and 1,514 singletons. Significant homology to known genes was found by homology searches against data in GenBank in 576 (34 %) ESTs, including similarity to functionally annotated unigenes for 158 ESTs. Additionally, 433 ESTs revealed similarity to unigenes and ESTs in the dbEST but the remaining 658 EST sequences (39 %) did not match any sequence in GenBank. Of a total of 1,698 ESTs generated, 65 ESTs were found to be associated with immune functions. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analyses of C. batrachus ESTs collectively revealed a preponderance of immune relevant pathways apart from the presence of pathways involved in protein processing, localization, folding and protein degradation. This study constitutes first EST analysis of lymphoid organ in aquaculturally important Indian catfish species and could pave the way for further research of immune-related genes and functional genomics in this catfish.     

Identification of immune-related genes in hemocytes of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon)

An expressed sequence tag (EST) library was constructed from hemocytes of the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) to identify genes associated with immunity in this economically important species. The number of complementary DNA clones in the constructed library was approximately 4 x 10(5). Of these, 615 clones having inserts larger than 500 bp were unidirectionally sequenced and analyzed by homology searches against data in GenBank. Significant homology to known genes was found in 314 (51%) of the 615 clones, but the remaining 301 sequences (49%) did not match any sequence in GenBank. Approximately 35% of the matched ESTs were significantly identified by the BLASTN and BLASTX programs, while 65% were recognized only by the BLASTX program. Of the 615 clones, 55 (8.9%) were identified as putative immune-related genes. The isolated genes were composed of those coding for enzymes and proteins in the clotting system and the prophenoloxidase-activating system, antioxidative enzymes, antimicrobial peptides, and serine proteinase inhibitors. Three full-length ESTs encoding antimicrobial peptides (antilipopolysaccharide and penaeidin homologues) and a heat shock protein (cpn10 homologue) are reported.