甘蓝型油菜无花瓣矮秆新种质APL03的选育

以正常四瓣双低甘蓝型油菜品系ZH004为母本、无花瓣种质APL01为父本杂交,对无花瓣及矮秆等性状进行多代定向选择,育成APL03新种质。该种质群体无花瓣株率迭100％,单株无花瓣度〉90％,植株高度130—140cm,单株有效角果数〉400个,种子含油率高达43％-47％,兼有抗倒伏、抗耐菌核病等特性,成为培育适于全程机械化作业栽培油菜新品种的基础材料。     

不同产地山桐子果实含油率及其理化指标变异分析

以13个产地居群的山桐子果实为材料,测定其全果含油率,并选取5个居群的果实分别测定果肉、种子含油率进行变异分析。结果表明:(1)13个居群间山桐子果实含油率差异显著,四川各居群山桐子果实含油率明显大于其他地区,各个居群内果实含油率差异明显,极端变异程度较大。(2)5个居群山桐子果肉含油率均大于种子含油率,而果肉含油率变异系数及相对极差均小于种子。(3)聚类分析结果显示,朝天等7个居群聚为一类,其果实含油率较高,变异系数较小,可以作为进一步良种选育的材料;海拔等地理因素对山桐子果实含油率均有一定影响,但程度不一。(4)5个居群山桐子果实油脂折光率均较高,而酸值均较低,表明山桐子油品质好,纯度较高,而且不同居群山桐子油碘值差异显著,反映其油脂不饱和程度差异明显。     

绿豆种质资源抗旱性鉴定评价

培育抗旱品种是应对全球气候干旱最经济、有效的途径之一,而抗旱种质的鉴定与筛选是其前提和基础。本研究以303份绿豆种质资源为材料,在新疆奇台县自然条件下,于2017年、2018年连续2年开展绿豆种质抗旱性研究。通过考察不同种质单株产量、单株荚数、单株粒数、单株生物量、株高等指标,计算各指标在旱胁迫与灌水条件下的比值,运用相关性分析确定抗旱指标;采用抗旱系数、隶属函数和抗旱指数法,评价绿豆的抗旱性;比较3种评价结果,选择最适宜的评价方法,进而筛选抗旱种质。结果表明,抗旱系数与单株荚数、单株粒数、单株生物量、小区产量在旱胁迫与灌水条件下的比值呈极显著正相关,从而遴选这4项指标作为绿豆抗旱性鉴定的评价指标;抗旱系数、隶属函数和抗旱指数三者呈极显著的正相关,3种评价方法抗旱分级结果一致性较高,但抗旱指数法筛选的高抗、抗旱资源在旱胁迫和灌水条件下平均单株产量高于通过其他2种方法筛选的相应级别的平均单株产量,故认为抗旱指数法更适宜于自然条件下大规模的绿豆抗旱性鉴定;2年抗旱指数评价结果一致的种质103份,其中,高抗种质9份、抗旱种质11份、中抗种质61份、敏感种质8份和14份极敏感种质。本研究为绿豆种质抗旱性研究提供理论指导和信息支撑。     

水冬瓜果实和种子化学成分的研究

水冬瓜(Idesia po1ycarpa Maxim. var. vestita Diels) 属大风子科植物,落叶乔木,是山桐子属山桐子(Idesia poly carpa Maxim)的变种,所以又叫毛叶山桐子。我国陕西、甘肃、安徽、浙江、湖北、四川、贵州等省都有分布;在陕西省陕南地区分布很广,资源丰富。其果实和种子均含有油;分别为43.6%和25.9%,是一种很有发展前途的木本油料植物。但是以往对水冬瓜果实和种子国内外均未见有研究利用的报导。陕南产区农民以往将果实和种子榨油食用,历时已久,在食用过程未发现有妨害人体健康的症状,只是     

胶东半岛野生迎红杜鹃种质资源研究

迎红杜鹃(Rhododendron mucronulatum)耐寒、开花早、花量大,极富观赏性,但尚未在园林中得到广泛应用。本研究采用样地法,详细调查了崂山、牙山等5个山区的野生迎红杜鹃资源,对迎红杜鹃的分布范围、群体大小、生长环境、开花习性、花期花色、土壤理化性质等进行了细致的观测记录。结果表明,迎红杜鹃在胶东半岛有广泛分布,多位于海拔100~1100 m之间区域,主要为大面积群体分布;生长环境多样,阳坡、阴坡、山顶、溪谷、岩缝均可生长,以阴坡为主;其伴生植物种类较多,群落结构稳定;迎红杜鹃开花早,开花量大,花色均为红紫色系,同一色系中变化较大;不同山区的群体株高、冠幅、花量存在较大差异,而花径差异较小;不同山区的土壤有机质及氮磷钾含量差异较大。上述结果明确了胶东半岛地区野生迎红杜鹃的种质资源分布和生长环境特点,为其合理利用提供了科学依据。     

灰色理论在芸豆种质资源创新评价中的应用

应用灰色理论对8份芸豆种质资源的6个主要经济性状进行分析,评价创新种质的综合表现及各主要性状的相互关系,为芸豆新品种选育提供科学依据.创新种质资源中以2245产量最高,关联分析结果表明单株荚数、百粒重和单株粒数是影响产量的主要因子.     

基于mtDNA Cyt b序列分析齐口裂腹鱼群体遗传多样性

研究测定了长江上游4个齐口裂腹鱼(Schizothorax prenanti)野生群体(重庆巫溪、重庆城口、四川雅安、四川阿坝)共104个个体的线粒体Cyt b基因部分序列, 以探讨齐口裂腹鱼野生群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构。结果表明: 在104个个体Cyt b序列中共检测到43个多态性位点, 25个单倍型。4个齐口裂腹鱼群体的单倍型多样性介于0.704—0.884, 核苷酸多样性介于0.007—0.012。群体间Kimura双参数遗传距离介于0.008—0.017, 其中四川雅安群体与四川阿坝群体间遗传距离最近, 基因交流频繁。重庆城口群体与四川雅安群体间遗传距离最远, 基因交流受阻。AMOVA分析表明, 齐口裂腹鱼的遗传分化主要来自群体内部, 且组群间、组群内群体间和群体内存在显著的遗传分化。中性检验得到Tajima’s D和 Fu’s F_s的值不显著, 且歧点分布图呈多峰, 表明长江上游4个齐口裂腹鱼野生群体未经历过种群扩张。研究旨为齐口裂腹鱼野生资源保护提供必要参考意见, 同时为齐口裂腹鱼种质资源合理开发和利用提供理论依据。     

木本油料植物——竹柏

竹柏(Podocarpus nagi (Thunb) Zoll et Mor.)俗称春树或挪树。在我省呈野生状态,主要分布于晋江地区的永春、安溪和南安;三明地区的大田;龙岩地区的上杭;宁德地区的宁德、罗源等地。为常绿高大乔木,其叶对生呈卵形或椭圆形,有多数平行脉,叶面有光泽,质强韧。初夏开单性花,雌雄异株;雄株生柔葇荑花,雌株结圆形的果实,于十二月至翌年二月成熟。单株最高产量可达500公斤(永春文峰大队四十年母树)。其经济用途主要是榨油(方法同榨花生),含油率较高,经我们分析种子含油率30%左右,种仁含油率50-55%。     

东乡野生稻BILs群体耐低氮性表型性状指标筛选及其综合评价

为了鉴定东乡野生稻及其后代群体的耐低氮性,研究低氮和正常氮2种处理下“协青早B//东乡野生稻/协青早B”BC₁-F₁₂回交重组自交系株高、抽穗期、穗长、有效穗数、穗实粒数、穗总粒数、着粒密度、结实率、千粒重和单株产量等10个表型性状,利用主成分分析和模糊隶属函数对BILs群体的耐低氮性进行综合评价.结果表明： 株系116、143和157的耐低氮性强,可作为东乡野生稻耐低氮性遗传研究和水稻耐低氮性育种的中间材料.采用逐步回归分析法建立了耐低氮性最优回归方程,筛选到株高、穗总粒数、结实率、千粒重和单株产量等5个性状相对值可作为水稻全生育期耐低氮性的综合评价指标.因此,在水稻耐低氮性遗传改良中,应注重对这5个性状,尤其是穗总粒数和单株产量相对值的选择.
     

黍稷农艺性状的主成分分析与聚类分析

对国家种质资源库中收集保存的8016份黍稷种质资源的株高、千粒重、生育期等11个农艺性状进行主成分分析和聚类分析,结果表明：主要农艺性状可归纳为千粒重、主茎节数、主穗长、株高、穗型、花序色、粒色、米色8个主成分,累计贡献率为86．44％;8016份黍稷种质资源可分成5大组群,各个组群都有一定的形态学特征,其中组群4的1301份种质资源的主茎节数多,单株产量、千粒重都比较大,综合性状表现较好。     

白粉菌的两个新种

本文描述采自四川省的白粉菌的两个新分类单位。它们是寄生于省沽油科野鸦椿上的新种野鸦钩丝壳(Uncinula euscaphidis Xie sp.nov.)和大风子科山梧桐上的新种山桐子钩丝壳(Uncinula idesiae Xie sp.nov.)。省沽油科和大风子科是钩丝壳属白粉菌寄主科的世界新记录。模式标本存放于南充师范学院生物系植物标本室。     

Citrus leafminer (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) density: effect on yield of 'Tahiti' lime

The relationship between damage by citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, and 'Tahiti' lime yield were investigated in a 15-yr-old and a 5-yr-old lime orchard. Citrus leafminer population densities were controlled by insecticide applications of abamectin plus FC 435 oil, abamectin plus FC435 oil plus imidacloprid, and methomyl. The control was not treated. To ensure adequate citrus leafminer densities, adult citrus leafminer were periodically released in the experimental plots during fall and winter. For the 15-yr-old trees, the least amount of leaf area damage occurred in the abamectin plus FC 435 oil plus imidacloprid (1.9%) and the abamectin plus FC435 oil (2.3%) treatments compared with the control treatment (10-21%). In the 5-yr-old orchard, the least amount of leaf area damaged occurred in the abamectin plus FC 435 oil plus imidacloprid (0.4%) and the imidacloprid (0.1%) treatments compared with the control (20.85%). The percentage of leaf area damaged was linearly correlated with the average number of mines per leaf, average mine days, and cumulative mine days in both orchards. In both orchards, the percentage of leaf area damaged and cumulative mine days was linearly correlated with the number of fruit per tree and total fruit weight per tree. Calculating the economic injury levels indicated that 16-23% and 18-85% of leaf area damaged caused significant yield reductions in 15-yr-old and 5-yr-old trees, respectively.     

Systematic characterisation and seed oil analysis in candidate plus trees of biodiesel plant, Pongamia pinnata

Candidate plus trees (CPTs) of Pongamia pinnata , a potential biodiesel plant occurring across 10 locations in North Guwahati, were identified based on morphological markers (vegetative and reproductive) using combined analysis over locations. Identified CPTs were then multiplied using seed propagation technique in a nursery bed. The performance of the candidate trees with respect to seed and pod traits, the two most important characters with regard to oil, were evaluated using CROPSTAT software for inferring potential genotypes that can be included in programmes aimed at genetic improvement of the species. Total oil content from the seeds of plus trees was also analysed using solvent extraction procedure at their boiling points. Hexane extraction yielded maximum oil content from seeds (33%) compared with petroleum ether (30%). When the seed to solvent ratio varied, no significant difference was noticed on the total oil yield for an individual tree, although the recovery of solvent and the time taken for oil extraction were significantly reduced at higher ratios of solvent used.     

尖叶木樨榄作砧木嫁接油橄榄的研究

本文就云南、四川两省采用尖叶木樨榄(Olea ferrugineaRoyle.)作砧木嫁接油橄榄(Olea europaea L.)二十余年的试验观察,报道尖叶木樨榄在我国的分布及其生物学特性,系统总结尖叶木樨榄作砧木对油橄榄生长发育及开花结实的影响。试验结果表明:尖叶木樨榄作砧木具有种子出苗率高,嫁接繁殖容易,提早油橄榄开花结实年龄,增强油橄榄对酸性红壤的适应性,增强油橄榄对干旱环境和对某些病害的抗性等优点。此砧木已在我国西南部油橄榄适生区应用于生产性栽培。     

小麦开花期灌水对土壤养分及根系分布的影响

本研究通过分析开花期灌水对小麦产量、植株养分分配和土壤养分分布的影响及其与根系特性的关系,为小麦充分利用水肥资源提供理论支撑。以抗旱高产品种‘洛麦28'和高光效品种‘百农207'为材料,采用2 m深土柱栽培方法,设置开花期灌水(T₁)和开花期不灌水(T₂)两个水分处理,测定了不同组织器官、不同土层土壤氮、磷、钾含量及根系分布特性等指标。结果表明: 小麦收获期土壤中铵态氮、速效磷和速效钾主要分布在0～80 cm土层中,硝态氮主要分布在80 cm以下土层中,开花期灌水促进小麦吸收0～60 cm土层的铵态氮、速效磷、速效钾和80 cm以下土层的硝态氮,减少了硝态氮向深层土壤的淋溶;小麦根系主要集中在0～60 cm土层中,随土壤深度的增加而减少。成熟期干物质积累量、全氮和全磷主要分配在小麦籽粒中,而全钾主要分配在茎秆中;开花期灌水显著增加了小麦百粒重,提高了小麦产量;根系形态指标与土壤硝态氮在0～40 cm土层中呈显著负相关,与土壤铵态氮在80～100 cm土层中呈极显著正相关,与土壤速效磷在0～100 cm土层中呈显著正相关。开花期灌水促进了根系在小麦生育末期对土壤养分的充分吸收,延长了养分从营养器官向生殖器官的转运功能期,使营养器官中的养分充分地转运到籽粒中去,增加小麦粒重,进而提高产量。     

基于MaxEnt模型的川西高原松茸气候生态适宜性与潜在分布

通过野外实地调查,结合文献中松茸分布数据,采用生态位因子分析和最大熵模型对川西高原松茸的分布规律及适生区范围进行模拟和验证,分析气候因子与动态分布之间的关系,预测未来松茸适生区的变化。结果表明: 模型训练集和验证集曲线下面积(AUC)值均＞0.90,模型预测结果极准确。影响松茸潜在分布的环境变量主要有最冷月最低温度、最冷季雨量、气温年温差等气候因子和土壤类型,累计贡献率达90.3%。松茸适宜分布区的生态位参数为: 最冷月最低温度-18.5～-5.4 ℃、最冷季雨量15.7 mm以下、气温年温差39.5～45 ℃、土壤类型为半淋溶土(包括燥红土、褐土、灰褐土、黑土和灰色森林土)。川西高原松茸的适生区分布在高原西南部、南部、中部、东部的海拔1900～3600 m地区。雅江、乡城、康定、九龙、稻城、理塘、巴塘、丹巴、马尔康、小金、金川、理县、茂县等县(市)的部分乡镇松茸适生指数较高,得荣、道孚、新龙、炉霍、白玉、泸定、壤塘、汶川、黑水、九寨沟等县(市)的部分乡镇有松茸中、低适生区存在。适生区破碎分散,依河流和山脉走向呈片状或枝状不连续分布,中适生区与高适生区相连,低适生区是高、中适生区的延伸。未来气候变化对川西高原松茸生长有利,气候适生区总体呈增加趋势,低海拔岷江流域受影响程度高于高海拔地区。     

An analysis of association of components of yield and oil in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Summary Inter-relationships of various component characters with yield and oil content were analysed using 215 entries of safflower from India and U.S.A. Correlation of capsule number per plant and capsule weight with yield per plant was pronounced and they showed large direct effects on yield. All other components influenced seed yield mainly through these two components. Seed size had little effect on yield while seed number exerted a positive influence. The proportion of hull expressed as per cent of the whole seed revealed a highly significant and inverse relationship with oil content and was mainly responsible for the observed variability in oil content in the material. Although negative association was indicated between seed size and oil content, it was observed to be due to the indirect effect of hull content and not due to direct effect of seed size. Interestingly, yield per plant and its major components, number of capsules and capsule weight, revealed a negligible relationship with oil content. Both direct as well as indirect effects of hull percent and yield per plant were responsible for the favourable effect of seed number on oil content. The correlation of plant height, days to first flowering and total crop growth period with yield and oil content was either negligible or low, offering scope for developing early maturing and dwarf varieties with high yield and oil content. Spine index showed a non-significant association with yield and oil content. Capsule number, capsule weight and hull per cent were observed to be the most important components in breeding for higher yield and oil content.     

Potential Distribution of Bletilla striata (Orchidaceae) in China and Its Climate Characteristics

The potential distribution of Bletilla striata and its climate characteristics was predicted with MaxEnt model and ArcGIS. The data was based on the information of geographic distribution of the plant and its dominant climate factors. The results showed that the model built by dominant climate factors had an ideal forecasting effect, which was tested by the ROC curve (AUC > 09). The model revealed that the potential distribution areas were mainly in the south of the Qinling Mountains and Huai river. The major suitable provinces for the plant were mainly restricted to Yunnan, Hubei, Sichuan, Hunan and Jiangxi. A jackknife test in MaxEnt suggested that Min temperature of Apr(tmin4), Min temperature of Oct (tmin10), Temperature annual range (bio7) and Precipitation of Nov (prc11) were the most important climate variables affecting the potential distribution of the plant. The results can provide some theoretical basis for the resources protection, germplasm collections and reasonable development and utilization of wild Bletilla striata.     

斑茅野生种质资源的考察与收集

2011年10月-2012年4月对滇、黔、川、陕、甘、桂、粤、琼等8省71个市（县）的斑茅野生种质资源进行考察与收集。结果表明除甘肃省外其他7个省都有野生斑茅的分布,采集到斑茅居群49个,共计420份材料。同时分析了斑茅的地理分布、形态特征和生态适应性,并对斑茅的利用方向进行了讨论和展望。