胶东半岛野生迎红杜鹃种质资源研究

迎红杜鹃(Rhododendron mucronulatum)耐寒、开花早、花量大,极富观赏性,但尚未在园林中得到广泛应用。本研究采用样地法,详细调查了崂山、牙山等5个山区的野生迎红杜鹃资源,对迎红杜鹃的分布范围、群体大小、生长环境、开花习性、花期花色、土壤理化性质等进行了细致的观测记录。结果表明,迎红杜鹃在胶东半岛有广泛分布,多位于海拔100~1100 m之间区域,主要为大面积群体分布;生长环境多样,阳坡、阴坡、山顶、溪谷、岩缝均可生长,以阴坡为主;其伴生植物种类较多,群落结构稳定;迎红杜鹃开花早,开花量大,花色均为红紫色系,同一色系中变化较大;不同山区的群体株高、冠幅、花量存在较大差异,而花径差异较小;不同山区的土壤有机质及氮磷钾含量差异较大。上述结果明确了胶东半岛地区野生迎红杜鹃的种质资源分布和生长环境特点,为其合理利用提供了科学依据。

Studies on the wild Germplasm Resources of Rhododendron mucronulatum in Jiaodong Peninsula

Abstract: Wild Rhododendron mucronulatum has a good characteristics of cold-resistance, early flowering, bloom-heavily and highly ornamental value, but was rarely applied in the landscape gardens. This study aims to investigate the distribution of wild R. mucronulatum resources, which may provide a rational scientific basis for the utilization of it. In this paper, the wild R. mucronulatum were used as materials, the germplasm resources of five mountains (Yashan, Kunyushan Wulianshan, Jiuxianshan, Laoshan) in Jiaodong Peninsula had been aborative surveyed by sampling method. The distribution ranges, population sizes, growth conditions and ecological habits of R. mucronulatum had been elaborately recorded. In addition, the physical and chemical properties of mountain soil were also examined. These results indicated that R. mucronulatum had a widely distribution on altitude and good adaptability to the environment, which is located between 100 m and 1100 m and can be found in several diversity regions, such as the sunny slope, shade slope, mountain top, valley and the chink of the rocks, especially in the shade slope ones. Various accompanying plants together with the R. mucronulatum comprising the steady community. The R. mucronulatum blossomed early and had heavily flower productivity. Additionally, the flower color altered significantly even in the same red-purple strains. It has a bigger differences in terms of plant height, breadth and numbers of flowers, but smaller difference in the diameter of the flower. Otherwise, the pH of the surveyed mountain acid soil is mostly the same, except for the soil organic and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.