东乡野生稻BILs群体耐低氮性表型性状指标筛选及其综合评价

为了鉴定东乡野生稻及其后代群体的耐低氮性，研究低氮和正常氮2种处理下“协青早B//东乡野生稻/协青早B”BC₁-F₁₂回交重组自交系株高、抽穗期、穗长、有效穗数、穗实粒数、穗总粒数、着粒密度、结实率、千粒重和单株产量等10个表型性状，利用主成分分析和模糊隶属函数对BILs群体的耐低氮性进行综合评价.结果表明： 株系116、143和157的耐低氮性强，可作为东乡野生稻耐低氮性遗传研究和水稻耐低氮性育种的中间材料.采用逐步回归分析法建立了耐低氮性最优回归方程，筛选到株高、穗总粒数、结实率、千粒重和单株产量等5个性状相对值可作为水稻全生育期耐低氮性的综合评价指标.因此，在水稻耐低氮性遗传改良中，应注重对这5个性状，尤其是穗总粒数和单株产量相对值的选择.

Index screening and comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic traits of low nitrogen tolerance using BILs population derived from Dongxiang wild rice

To identify the low nitrogen tolerance of Dongxiang wild rice (DXWR) and its progenies, ten phenotypic traits including plant height (PH), heading day (HD), panicle length (PL), number of effective tillers per plant (NETP), number of filled grains per panicle (NFGP), number of grains per panicle (NGP), grain density (GD), spikelet fertility (SF), 1000 grain mass (TGM) and grain yield per plant (GYP) were studied under normal and low nitrogen treatments, using backcross inbred lines (BILs) of Xieqingzao B//DXWR/Xieqingzao B in BC₁F₁₂. Comprehensive evaluation on the low nitrogen tolerance of the BILs population was conducted using principal component analysis and the subordinate function. The evaluation results indicated that the low nitrogen tolerance of the line 116, 143 and 157 was the strongest, which could be served as the intermediate materials for genetic studies on the low nitrogen tolerance of DXWR and breeding for the low nitrogen tolerance in rice. The optimal regression equation of the low nitrogen tolerance in rice was established using stepwise regression analysis. The relative values of five traits including PH, NGP, SF, TGM and GYP were screened out and could be used as comprehensive evaluation indices for the low nitrogen tolerance in the whole growth stage. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the relative values of these five traits, especially for NGP and GYP, in the genetic improvement of the low nitrogen tolerance in rice.